Docker专栏—Docker常用命令详解之基础篇
2020/3/5 17:01:42
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基础命令
docker info
显示Docker有关安装的系统范围信息：包括物理机系统信息、容器和镜像个数、docker版本/存储位置/仓库等信息。
- 帮助
[root@t32 ~]# docker info --help
Usage: docker info [OPTIONS]
Display system-wide information
Options:
-f, --format string Format the output using the given Go template
--help Print usage
复制代码- 例子
[root@t32 ~]# docker info -f "{{json .}}" |jq
{
"ID": "HKD6:JD4O:RJEH:RWJY:HWMD:RHV2:Q6EO:TLE5:GNMQ:ODQR:TXBJ:W77C",
"Containers": 42,
"ContainersRunning": 16,
"ContainersPaused": 0,
"ContainersStopped": 26,
"Images": 22,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"DriverStatus": [
[
"Backing Filesystem",
"xfs"
],
[
"Supports d_type",
"true"
],
[
"Native Overlay Diff",
"true"
]
],
"SystemStatus": null,
"Plugins": {
"Volume": [
"local"
],
"Network": [
"bridge",
"host",
"macvlan",
"null",
"overlay"
],
"Authorization": null
},
"MemoryLimit": true,
"SwapLimit": true,
"KernelMemory": true,
"CpuCfsPeriod": true,
"CpuCfsQuota": true,
"CPUShares": true,
"CPUSet": true,
"IPv4Forwarding": true,
"BridgeNfIptables": true,
"BridgeNfIp6tables": false,
"Debug": false,
"NFd": 105,
"OomKillDisable": true,
"NGoroutines": 103,
"SystemTime": "2020-03-04T13:40:53.997999314+08:00",
"LoggingDriver": "json-file",
"CgroupDriver": "systemd",
"NEventsListener": 1,
"KernelVersion": "3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64",
"PkgVersion": "docker-1.13.1-96.gitb2f74b2.el7.centos.x86_64",
"OperatingSystem": "CentOS Linux 7 (Core)",
"OSType": "linux",
"Architecture": "x86_64",
"IndexServerAddress": "https://index.docker.io/v1/",
"IndexServerName": "docker.io",
"RegistryConfig": {
"InsecureRegistryCIDRs": [
"127.0.0.0/8"
],
"IndexConfigs": {
"docker.io": {
"Name": "docker.io",
"Mirrors": [
"https://6kx4zyno.mirror.aliyuncs.com"
],
"Secure": true,
"Official": true
},
"gcr.io": {
"Name": "gcr.io",
"Mirrors": [],
"Secure": false,
"Official": false
}
},
"Mirrors": [
"https://6kx4zyno.mirror.aliyuncs.com"
]
},
"NCPU": 56,
"MemTotal": 270180290560,
"DockerRootDir": "/var/lib/docker",
"HttpProxy": "",
"HttpsProxy": "",
"NoProxy": "",
"Name": "t32",
"Labels": null,
"ExperimentalBuild": false,
"ServerVersion": "1.13.1",
"ClusterStore": "",
"ClusterAdvertise": "",
"Runtimes": {
"docker-runc": {
"path": "/usr/libexec/docker/docker-runc-current"
},
"runc": {
"path": "docker-runc"
}
},
"DefaultRuntime": "docker-runc",
"Swarm": {
"NodeID": "",
"NodeAddr": "",
"LocalNodeState": "inactive",
"ControlAvailable": false,
"Error": "",
"RemoteManagers": null,
"Nodes": 0,
"Managers": 0,
"Cluster": {
"ID": "",
"Version": {},
"CreatedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z",
"UpdatedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z",
"Spec": {
"Orchestration": {},
"Raft": {
"ElectionTick": 0,
"HeartbeatTick": 0
},
"Dispatcher": {},
"CAConfig": {},
"TaskDefaults": {},
"EncryptionConfig": {
"AutoLockManagers": false
}
}
}
},
"LiveRestoreEnabled": false,
"Isolation": "",
"InitBinary": "/usr/libexec/docker/docker-init-current",
"ContainerdCommit": {
"ID": "",
"Expected": "aa8187dbd3b7ad67d8e5e3a15115d3eef43a7ed1"
},
"RuncCommit": {
"ID": "9c3c5f853ebf0ffac0d087e94daef462133b69c7",
"Expected": "9df8b306d01f59d3a8029be411de015b7304dd8f"
},
"InitCommit": {
"ID": "fec3683b971d9c3ef73f284f176672c44b448662",
"Expected": "949e6facb77383876aeff8a6944dde66b3089574"
},
"SecurityOptions": [
"name=seccomp,profile=/etc/docker/seccomp.json"
],
"Registries": [
{
"Name": "docker.io",
"Secure": true
}
]
}
复制代码docker version
显示docker的版本信息
- 帮助
[root@t32 ~]# docker version --help
Usage: docker version [OPTIONS]
Show the Docker version information
Options:
-f, --format string Format the output using the given Go template
--help Print usage
复制代码- 例子
[root@t32 ~]# docker version -f "{{json .}}"|jq
{
"Client": {
"Version": "1.13.1",
"ApiVersion": "1.26",
"GitCommit": "b2f74b2/1.13.1",
"GoVersion": "go1.10.3",
"Os": "linux",
"Arch": "amd64",
"BuildTime": "Wed May 1 14:55:20 2019",
"PkgVersion": "docker-1.13.1-96.gitb2f74b2.el7.centos.x86_64"
},
"Server": {
"Version": "1.13.1",
"ApiVersion": "1.26",
"MinAPIVersion": "1.12",
"GitCommit": "b2f74b2/1.13.1",
"GoVersion": "go1.10.3",
"Os": "linux",
"Arch": "amd64",
"KernelVersion": "3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64",
"BuildTime": "Wed May 1 14:55:20 2019",
"PkgVersion": "docker-1.13.1-96.gitb2f74b2.el7.centos.x86_64"
}
}
复制代码docker inspect
返回有关docker镜像的底层信息
- 帮助
[root@t32 ~]# docker inspect --help
Usage: docker inspect [OPTIONS] NAME|ID [NAME|ID...]
Return low-level information on Docker objects
Options:
-f, --format string Format the output using the given Go template
--help Print usage
-s, --size Display total file sizes if the type is container
--type string Return JSON for specified type
复制代码- 例子
[root@t32 ~]# docker inspect 3b7579c667c4
[
{
"Id": "3b7579c667c45a73a27c16c1ebbfd5230132b1ce0f967119aa141ddb48e9cd20",
"Created": "2020-03-04T03:50:36.649240091Z",
"Path": "bash",
"Args": [],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 29637,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2020-03-04T03:50:36.989898846Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:c3f4b77e9e6f3c6a85451212a64bb7817c7a975282ed80b145be6fd582615a18",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/3b7579c667c45a73a27c16c1ebbfd5230132b1ce0f967119aa141ddb48e9cd20/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/3b7579c667c45a73a27c16c1ebbfd5230132b1ce0f967119aa141ddb48e9cd20/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/3b7579c667c45a73a27c16c1ebbfd5230132b1ce0f967119aa141ddb48e9cd20/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/3b7579c667c45a73a27c16c1ebbfd5230132b1ce0f967119aa141ddb48e9cd20/3b7579c667c45a73a27c16c1ebbfd5230132b1ce0f967119aa141ddb48e9cd20-json.log",
"Name": "/fervent_babbage",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "docker-runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DiskQuota": 0,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": -1,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": 0,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Name": "overlay2",
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4ceb95b57395d01091d3eaa04740a602653ba00950090b45be0216c631605fa4-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2ddafe450f447bd066cf93860ff768aebb8d46c461cc1ff5a70ae47ec6699c1a/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/140f7b943a942817f0444d55ee513b7e786173fe991224c53f6795ad0c61ef2f/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/31a82bfab2e66b6f6ce7008714622f91565ec5bc24c7646100a0ad1faa5c04dd/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/083cafd6c19c906f683b39aab80fc843d5c93933d62834064b0eab0f29f546ad/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/c8a73e77e102ab91371d641a97db22f027c08dbaf4ca2e25edc001f5198aaa8e/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/bba003ebf9299cb9ce7bb364ef3baab7637b8442d8cefb551ab62feb63cf0728/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/194e57e4138a8cd3e433bae137d6d0edb410dade1ab8fb5d7213bbbfb9d60433/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/cd5504fdace309b1e49ed796305a611cd6acf2ea36ec22265f0d7a59a477902a/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/f044681be6729115ed8a7f01ca55dd8b30a4669abdc560b473b888b9608c705f/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/96e03f7654f50dc8ded6b8afff8642d3a3f1c9707bfb59072695423d6e9ea4ba/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/6131565b7de573b0ce225d4c82491f4abd7244c0b5754baa4612637ddaa89ce6/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4a0de9f80caf3002eed7015d7b0db376eb6ef3edf9e54d03f9f6e252bd7a8412/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/8f0751b3d6335bb8f4f276edc6150d7d4ca81e3cd72c484bd7c55cbc3c3ac83e/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/040b2bc181883ce77605a6d9254a01879d9c78afb0834e883deb9cb4d0ca06ec/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/f25a038fc785faa164e9c8380e10a6f6aecf7c47082b01b2ab2b103d09bd8a18/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/c26eab1d83c5961b67c302be364747d2695b0486d15b1fb2471eea4eaad6208f/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d5cfaeaf9489a534756f70fcf24f42b51e2f31518e7e24e0838a8b0f2c59a5be/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2a8634290e3f016f0c84941bd5b11b7c290675c1cadadf211c3627d2f8eabdb1/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/5f1ad661adb9620f3c01791363247755af6ef6013d062afa831a52d4e009efe9/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/146a4526d9f26ba50bb76733bce3d49a435c2c6991512b59df3d2d146101a010/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/484eaad8c38e5a306a30c5a65c6e37a1cad5711803968406c7169a909f80e2b3/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/6d18c1ef547e6f8a342e1c16377d53d668644957f137c7c1a385965af200cbd6/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d718299ce60a2d2b63ff24bae8e5c6f41e6ee705a54d016f071480a0d878b5b1/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4ceb95b57395d01091d3eaa04740a602653ba00950090b45be0216c631605fa4/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4ceb95b57395d01091d3eaa04740a602653ba00950090b45be0216c631605fa4/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4ceb95b57395d01091d3eaa04740a602653ba00950090b45be0216c631605fa4/work"
}
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "3b7579c667c4",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": true,
"AttachStdout": true,
"AttachStderr": true,
"Tty": true,
"OpenStdin": true,
"StdinOnce": true,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
"PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1"
],
"Cmd": [
"bash"
],
"Image": "his_image_sharpen:latest",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "/opt/HISImageSharpen",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"test": "one"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "2fa0040ba7ee41466b4b874ec11bee0658f83222a1fc8516c4404415995580da",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/2fa0040ba7ee",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "bf7d67d5cfecd15233bba91384168b625ef7c40acbe070c7f8d299d773e6358f",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "5fc43161508da8121f7061648b0b1bc3da10b751d5fba5b18aef273bb7bcc962",
"EndpointID": "bf7d67d5cfecd15233bba91384168b625ef7c40acbe070c7f8d299d773e6358f",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02"
}
}
}
}
]
复制代码格式化数据
[root@t32 ~]# docker inspect -f "{{.State.Status}}" 3b7579c667c4
running
[root@t32 ~]# docker inspect -f "{{.Path}}" 3b7579c667c4
bash
复制代码docker events
从服务器中获取实时事件
- 帮助
[root@t32 ~]# docker events --help
Usage: docker events [OPTIONS]
Get real time events from the server
Options:
-f, --filter filter Filter output based on conditions provided
--format string Format the output using the given Go template
--help Print usage
--since string Show all events created since timestamp
--until string Stream events until this timestamp
复制代码- 常用参数解析
- --filter 筛选出满足需要的事件
- --format 显示格式化
- --since 显示自时间戳记以来创建的所有事件
- --until 直到时间戳为止，所有的时间流
- 例子
以下所有实例都是在两个终端窗口实现:第一个终端窗口进行事件的模拟，，第二个终端作为docker events
[root@t32 ~]# docker run -it --label test=one his_image_sharpen:latest bash
root@a9a621a1716b:/opt/HISImageSharpen#
[root@t32 ~]# docker events --format "{{json .}}"
{"status":"create","id":"a9a621a1716b37398482c6ac7c40ae5712d69df552fd9b10cc2268297712e570","from":"his_image_sharpen:latest","Type":"container","Action":"create","Actor":{"ID":"a9a621a1716b37398482c6ac7c40ae5712d69df552fd9b10cc2268297712e570","Attributes":{"image":"his_image_sharpen:latest","name":"flamboyant_dubinsky","test":"one"}},"time":1583301983,"timeNano":1583301983109389147}
{"status":"attach","id":"a9a621a1716b37398482c6ac7c40ae5712d69df552fd9b10cc2268297712e570","from":"his_image_sharpen:latest","Type":"container","Action":"attach","Actor":{"ID":"a9a621a1716b37398482c6ac7c40ae5712d69df552fd9b10cc2268297712e570","Attributes":{"image":"his_image_sharpen:latest","name":"flamboyant_dubinsky","test":"one"}},"time":1583301983,"timeNano":1583301983110886266}
{"Type":"network","Action":"connect","Actor":{"ID":"5fc43161508da8121f7061648b0b1bc3da10b751d5fba5b18aef273bb7bcc962","Attributes":{"container":"a9a621a1716b37398482c6ac7c40ae5712d69df552fd9b10cc2268297712e570","name":"bridge","type":"bridge"}},"time":1583301983,"timeNano":1583301983162749923}
{"status":"start","id":"a9a621a1716b37398482c6ac7c40ae5712d69df552fd9b10cc2268297712e570","from":"his_image_sharpen:latest","Type":"container","Action":"start","Actor":{"ID":"a9a621a1716b37398482c6ac7c40ae5712d69df552fd9b10cc2268297712e570","Attributes":{"image":"his_image_sharpen:latest","name":"flamboyant_dubinsky","test":"one"}},"time":1583301983,"timeNano":1583301983429841016}
{"status":"resize","id":"a9a621a1716b37398482c6ac7c40ae5712d69df552fd9b10cc2268297712e570","from":"his_image_sharpen:latest","Type":"container","Action":"resize","Actor":{"ID":"a9a621a1716b37398482c6ac7c40ae5712d69df552fd9b10cc2268297712e570","Attributes":{"height":"28","image":"his_image_sharpen:latest","name":"flamboyant_dubinsky","test":"one","width":"125"}},"time":1583301983,"timeNano":1583301983434264939}
复制代码[root@t32 ~]# docker run -it --label test=one his_image_sharpen:latest bash
root@a9a621a1716b:/opt/HISImageSharpen# exit
exit
You have mail in /var/spool/mail/root
[root@t32 ~]#
docker events --format "{{json .}}" --filter status=die
{"status":"die","id":"a9a621a1716b37398482c6ac7c40ae5712d69df552fd9b10cc2268297712e570","from":"his_image_sharpen:latest","Type":"container","Action":"die","Actor":{"ID":"a9a621a1716b37398482c6ac7c40ae5712d69df552fd9b10cc2268297712e570","Attributes":{"exitCode":"0","image":"his_image_sharpen:latest","name":"flamboyant_dubinsky","test":"one"}},"time":1583302181,"timeNano":1583302181769268945}
{"Type":"network","Action":"disconnect","Actor":{"ID":"5fc43161508da8121f7061648b0b1bc3da10b751d5fba5b18aef273bb7bcc962","Attributes":{"container":"a9a621a1716b37398482c6ac7c40ae5712d69df552fd9b10cc2268297712e570","name":"bridge","type":"bridge"}},"time":1583302181,"timeNano":1583302181894844465}
复制代码显示某一时间段内，有关docker的事件
[root@t32 ~]# docker events --format "{{json .}}" --since "2020-03-04T13:00:00" --until "2020-03-04T14:00:00"
{"status":"die","id":"3b7579c667c45a73a27c16c1ebbfd5230132b1ce0f967119aa141ddb48e9cd20","from":"his_image_sharpen:latest","Type":"container","Action":"die","Actor":{"ID":"3b7579c667c45a73a27c16c1ebbfd5230132b1ce0f967119aa141ddb48e9cd20","Attributes":{"exitCode":"0","image":"his_image_sharpen:latest","name":"fervent_babbage","test":"one"}},"time":1583301166,"timeNano":1583301166902015345}
{"Type":"network","Action":"disconnect","Actor":{"ID":"5fc43161508da8121f7061648b0b1bc3da10b751d5fba5b18aef273bb7bcc962","Attributes":{"container":"3b7579c667c45a73a27c16c1ebbfd5230132b1ce0f967119aa141ddb48e9cd20","name":"bridge","type":"bridge"}},"time":1583301167,"timeNano":1583301167014745760}
{"status":"create","id":"7da0208828357f61b97c4548b8c52762075ebe37ff328547ccfa4da37220f52f","from":"his_image_sharpen:latest","Type":"container","Action":"create","Actor":{"ID":"7da0208828357f61b97c4548b8c52762075ebe37ff328547ccfa4da37220f52f","Attributes":{"image":"his_image_sharpen:latest","name":"gallant_mirzakhani","test":"one"}},"time":1583301184,"timeNano":1583301184026884021}
复制代码
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