【从源码分析】可能是全网最实用的React Native异常解决方案【建议收藏】

2020/9/27 5:03:45

本文主要是介绍【从源码分析】可能是全网最实用的React Native异常解决方案【建议收藏】,对大家解决编程问题具有一定的参考价值,需要的程序猿们随着小编来一起学习吧!

前言

在做React Native混合开发时,生产环境有时会遇到打开RN(即React Native简称)应用白屏、RN页面内操作闪退到native页面或者直接导致APP Crash的情况。通过分析APP日志,发现原因可以归类为以下两种:

  1. js 层编译运行时报错。一般是由于某些特殊的数据或情景导致js执行报错;
  2. js 转译 native UI 或与 native modules通信时出现异常.

对于第一点,可以很快地通过log追踪到出现问题的js代码并解决,但是对于第二点,往往是框架底层代码执行报错阻塞了UI渲染,报错日志信息无法定位出哪里出了问题,如:

06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime: com.facebook.react.common.c: Error: JS Functions are not convertible to dynamic
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime: 
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime: This error is located at:
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime:     in RCTView
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime:     in RCTView
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime:     in RCTView
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime:     in u
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime:     in Tile
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime:     in Tile
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime:     in RCTView
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime:     in RCTView
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime:     in TouchableWithoutFeedback
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime:     in RCTView
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime:     in Unknown
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime:     in RCTView
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime:     in RCTView
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime:     in h
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime:     in RCTView
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime:     in RCTScrollView
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime:     in u
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime:     in v
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime:     in f
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime:     in RCTView
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime:     in RCTView
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime:     in h
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime:     in AndroidHorizontalScrollContentView
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime:     in AndroidHorizontalScrollView
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime:     in u
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime:     in v
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime:     in f
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime:     in RCTView
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime:     in n
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime:     in inject-with-store(n)
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime:     in MobXProvider
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime:     in I
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime:     in RCTView
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime:     in RCTView
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime:     in c, stack:
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime: <unknown>@-1
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime: value@28:2227
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime: <unknown>@19:1668
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime: Ci@89:62783
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime: qi@89:66674
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime: ea@89:69555
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime: <unknown>@89:81296
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime: unstable_runWithPriority@164:3238
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime: ja@89:81253
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime: Oa@89:81007
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime: Wa@89:80310
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime: Aa@89:79323
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime: Ki@89:68624
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime: Ki@-1
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime: yt@89:21420
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime: y@115:657
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime: callTimers@115:2816
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime: value@28:3311
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime: <unknown>@28:822
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime: value@28:2565
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime: value@28:794
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime: value@-1
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime:     at com.facebook.react.modules.core.ExceptionsManagerModule.showOrThrowError(ExceptionsManagerModule.java:54)
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime:     at com.facebook.react.modules.core.ExceptionsManagerModule.reportFatalException(ExceptionsManagerModule.java:38)
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime:     at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime:     at com.facebook.react.bridge.JavaMethodWrapper.invoke(JavaMethodWrapper.java:372)
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime:     at com.facebook.react.bridge.JavaModuleWrapper.invoke(JavaModuleWrapper.java:158)
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime:     at com.facebook.react.bridge.queue.NativeRunnable.run(Native Method)
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime:     at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:907)
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime:     at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:105)
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime:     at com.facebook.react.bridge.queue.MessageQueueThreadHandler.dispatchMessage(MessageQueueThreadHandler.java:29)
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime:     at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:216)
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime:     at com.facebook.react.bridge.queue.MessageQueueThreadImpl$4.run(MessageQueueThreadImpl.java:232)
06-17 17:59:49.482 10253 24147 24401 E AndroidRuntime:     at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:784)

应用出现异常还不是最糟糕的,糟糕的是因为出现异常,带给了用户糟糕的体验,尽管实际出现几率非常低。
我们应该在出现异常时,通过降级UI(如web端常见的404页面、"网络开小差了,请稍后再试"弹窗)提示和安慰用户,并引导用户转向正常页面。
很遗憾,通常情况下我们现在并没有这个主动权,一切异常处理都是由 React Native 框架自己完成的。因此,我们要从React Native中接管异常处理权力来实现我们自己的逻辑(类似 反转控制反转 思想)

下面,将带领大家一步步分析并实现。

分析React Native 的红屏/黄屏提示

不管是何种原因导致RN应用异常,在开发模式环境(在发布版 release/production中都是自动禁用的),默认情况下都会以红屏(red box)或黄屏(yellow box)方式全屏提示:

请注意此文中,报错和警告,都视为异常

红屏:
red box.png
黄屏:
yellow box2.png

在官方描述中:

### 红屏错误

应用内的报错会以全屏红色显示在应用中(调试模式下),我们称为红屏(red box)报错。你可以使用`console.error()`来手动触发红屏错误。

### 黄屏警告

应用内的警告会以全屏黄色显示在应用中(调试模式下),我们称为黄屏(yellow box)报错。点击警告可以查看详情或是忽略掉。和红屏报警类似,你可以使用`console.warn()`来手动触发黄屏警告。

这2个全屏提示就是 React Native 对RN应用异常的处理。
那么思路来了,我们只需要找到 RN 弹出红屏、黄屏的地方,并将之替换为我们自己的业务逻辑即可
示意图如下:
接管RN异常处理逻辑.png

OK,接下来我们需要从源码中去找到这个切入口,不要害怕源码,跟着我的思路,let's go!

从源码上找出切入口

1.找出红屏切入点

在上述红屏图片中,我们通过 console.error('I am red box') 触发了红屏提示。在提示中打印出了错误栈追踪信息:

console.error: "I am red box"
error
    
<unknown>
    C:\workspace\test_timer_picker\node_modules\react-native\Libraries\Renderer\oss\ReactFabric-prod.js:6808:9
_callTimer
    C:\workspace\test_timer_picker\node_modules\react-native\Libraries\Renderer\oss\ReactNativeRenderer-dev.js:8778:10
callTimers
    C:\workspace\test_timer_picker\node_modules\react-native\Libraries\Renderer\oss\ReactNativeRenderer-dev.js:9080:8
__callFunction
    
<unknown>
    
__guard
    C:\workspace\test_timer_picker\node_modules\react-native\Libraries\ART\ReactNativeART.js:169:9
callFunctionReturnFlushedQueue
    
callFunctionReturnFlushedQueue
    [native code]

其中,指出了错误出现的文件位置:

\node_modules\react-native\Libraries\Renderer\oss\ReactFabric-prod.js
\node_modules\react-native\Libraries\Renderer\oss\ReactNativeRenderer-dev.js
\node_modules\react-native\Libraries\ART\ReactNativeART.js

依次在这几个文件中查询 console.error,可以在 ReactNativeRenderer-dev.js 文件中的showErrorDialog方法中找到这么一段注释:

  ExceptionsManager.handleException(errorToHandle, false);
  // Return false here to prevent ReactFiberErrorLogger default behavior of
  // logging error details to console.error. Calls to console.error are
  // automatically routed to the native redbox controller, which we've already
  // done above by calling ExceptionsManager.

意思是“调用 console.error 会自动导航到 native 红屏 controller” ,再查看showErrorDialog方法的注释:

/**
 * Intercept lifecycle errors and ensure they are shown with the correct stack
 * trace within the native redbox component.
 */
function showErrorDialog(capturedError) {/****/}

意思是“截获生命周期错误,并确保在native redbox 组件中显示正确的堆栈跟踪”
Perfect,我们根据错误栈信息一下找到了红屏的原因!
再仔细看这一句注释:

  //Calls to console.error are
  // automatically routed to the native redbox controller, which we've already
  // done above by calling ExceptionsManager.

“调用 console.error 会自动导航到 native 红屏 controller的原因,是我们已经在上面调用了 ExceptionsManager”

那么此时,我们可以想到,产生红屏 === 因为 ExceptionsManager 做了什么 我们要做的是去将ExceptionsManager实现的逻辑替换成我们自己的逻辑!

小提示: 源码中仔细寻找showErrorDialog()被调用的位置,你会找到logCapturedError()以及更上层的logError(),分析logError(),你会发现,原来 React 中的错误边界能捕获到组件渲染时错误也与之有关

ok,继续看 ExceptionsManager.js,它的路径为:node_modules\react-native\Libraries\Core\ExceptionsManager.js,内容如下:

/**
 * Copyright (c) Facebook, Inc. and its affiliates.
 *
 * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
 * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
 *
 * @format
 * @flow
 */

'use strict';

import type {ExtendedError} from 'parseErrorStack';

/**
 * Handles the developer-visible aspect of errors and exceptions
 */
let exceptionID = 0;
function reportException(e: ExtendedError, isFatal: boolean) {
  const {ExceptionsManager} = require('NativeModules');
  if (ExceptionsManager) {
    const parseErrorStack = require('parseErrorStack');
    const stack = parseErrorStack(e);
    const currentExceptionID = ++exceptionID;
    const message =
      e.jsEngine == null ? e.message : `${e.message}, js engine: ${e.jsEngine}`;
    if (isFatal) {
      ExceptionsManager.reportFatalException(
        message,
        stack,
        currentExceptionID,
      );
    } else {
      ExceptionsManager.reportSoftException(message, stack, currentExceptionID);
    }
    if (__DEV__) {
      const symbolicateStackTrace = require('symbolicateStackTrace');
      symbolicateStackTrace(stack)
        .then(prettyStack => {
          if (prettyStack) {
            ExceptionsManager.updateExceptionMessage(
              e.message,
              prettyStack,
              currentExceptionID,
            );
          } else {
            throw new Error('The stack is null');
          }
        })
        .catch(error =>
          console.warn('Unable to symbolicate stack trace: ' + error.message),
        );
    }
  }
}

declare var console: typeof console & {
  _errorOriginal: Function,
  reportErrorsAsExceptions: boolean,
};

/**
 * Logs exceptions to the (native) console and displays them
 */
function handleException(e: Error, isFatal: boolean) {
  // Workaround for reporting errors caused by `throw 'some string'`
  // Unfortunately there is no way to figure out the stacktrace in this
  // case, so if you ended up here trying to trace an error, look for
  // `throw '<error message>'` somewhere in your codebase.
  if (!e.message) {
    e = new Error(e);
  }
  if (console._errorOriginal) {
    console._errorOriginal(e.message);
  } else {
    console.error(e.message);
  }
  reportException(e, isFatal);
}

function reactConsoleErrorHandler() {
  console._errorOriginal.apply(console, arguments);
  if (!console.reportErrorsAsExceptions) {
    return;
  }

  if (arguments[0] && arguments[0].stack) {
    reportException(arguments[0], /* isFatal */ false);
  } else {
    const stringifySafe = require('stringifySafe');
    const str = Array.prototype.map.call(arguments, stringifySafe).join(', ');
    if (str.slice(0, 10) === '"Warning: ') {
      // React warnings use console.error so that a stack trace is shown, but
      // we don't (currently) want these to show a redbox
      // (Note: Logic duplicated in polyfills/console.js.)
      return;
    }
    const error: ExtendedError = new Error('console.error: ' + str);
    error.framesToPop = 1;
    reportException(error, /* isFatal */ false);
  }
}

/**
 * Shows a redbox with stacktrace for all console.error messages.  Disable by
 * setting `console.reportErrorsAsExceptions = false;` in your app.
 */
function installConsoleErrorReporter() {
  // Enable reportErrorsAsExceptions
  if (console._errorOriginal) {
    return; // already installed
  }
  // Flow doesn't like it when you set arbitrary values on a global object
  console._errorOriginal = console.error.bind(console);
  console.error = reactConsoleErrorHandler;
  if (console.reportErrorsAsExceptions === undefined) {
    // Individual apps can disable this
    // Flow doesn't like it when you set arbitrary values on a global object
    console.reportErrorsAsExceptions = true;
  }
}

module.exports = {handleException, installConsoleErrorReporter};

我们通过语义良好的方法名以及清晰的注释可以了解到:
其暴露了2个方法:

  1. handleException —— 通过console.error() & reportException()处理凡是以throw '<error message>'方式抛出的异常;
  2. installConsoleErrorReporter —— 重载 console.error,只要是使用 console.error打印信息都会以“红屏”的方式显示错误堆栈信息。支持设置console.reportErrorsAsExceptions = false; 将此行为关闭。

分析到这一步,可以明显地感觉到,一切指向 console.error 方法!!

我们继续在 react native 源码中进行查询,找到installConsoleErrorReporter()方法在
node_modules\react-native\Libraries\Core\setUpErrorHandling.js 中被调用:

/**
 * Copyright (c) Facebook, Inc. and its affiliates.
 *
 * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
 * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
 *
 * @flow strict-local
 * @format
 */
'use strict';

/**
 * Sets up the console and exception handling (redbox) for React Native.
 * You can use this module directly, or just require InitializeCore.
 */
const ExceptionsManager = require('ExceptionsManager');
ExceptionsManager.installConsoleErrorReporter();

// Set up error handler
if (!global.__fbDisableExceptionsManager) {
  const handleError = (e, isFatal) => {
    try {
      ExceptionsManager.handleException(e, isFatal);
    } catch (ee) {
      console.log('Failed to print error: ', ee.message);
      throw e;
    }
  };

  const ErrorUtils = require('ErrorUtils');
  ErrorUtils.setGlobalHandler(handleError);
}

其注释十分清晰地指出:“为 React Native 设置 console 以及 异常处理(红屏)”

其核心设置代码是:

  const ErrorUtils = require('ErrorUtils');
  ErrorUtils.setGlobalHandler(handleError); // 这就是我们要找的切入点

这就是我们要找的最终切入点,所有异常全部由ErrorUtils.setGlobalHandler的回调函数处理,只要将其设置为我们自己定义的回调函数就能从RN手中接过异常处理权了!!!
如:

    global.ErrorUtils.setGlobalHandler(e=> {
      /*处理异常*/
      console.log('%c 处理异常 .....', 'font-size:12px;color:#869')
      console.log(e.message)
      // do something to handle exception
      //...
    })

Nice~,接下来我们继续寻找黄屏(yellow box)的原因。


2.找出黄屏切入点

与红屏报错原因不同,熟悉js开发的同学应该知道,唯一能输出警告信息的就是调用console.warn()。在上述的黄屏提示中,并没有打印出栈追踪信息,但是我们可以开启debug模式(开发者菜单 -> Debug JS Remotely),可以在控制台看到更加详细的栈追踪信息:
yellow box stack.png

很明显,黄屏提示是由YellowBox.js输出的。
继续查看 RN 源码,找到其位置:node_modules\react-native\Libraries\YellowBox\YellowBox.js,内容如下:

/**
 * Copyright (c) Facebook, Inc. and its affiliates.
 *
 * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
 * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
 *
 * @flow
 * @format
 */

'use strict';

const React = require('React');

import type {Category} from 'YellowBoxCategory';
import type {Registry, Subscription} from 'YellowBoxRegistry';

type Props = $ReadOnly<{||}>;
type State = {|
  registry: ?Registry,
|};

let YellowBox;

/**
 * YellowBox displays warnings at the bottom of the screen.
 *
 * Warnings help guard against subtle yet significant issues that can impact the
 * quality of the app. This "in your face" style of warning allows developers to
 * notice and correct these issues as quickly as possible.
 *
 * YellowBox is only enabled in `__DEV__`. Set the following flag to disable it:
 *
 *   console.disableYellowBox = true;
 *
 * Ignore specific warnings by calling:
 *
 *   YellowBox.ignoreWarnings(['Warning: ...']);
 *
 * Strings supplied to `YellowBox.ignoreWarnings` only need to be a substring of
 * the ignored warning messages.
 */
if (__DEV__) {
  const Platform = require('Platform');
  const RCTLog = require('RCTLog');
  const YellowBoxList = require('YellowBoxList');
  const YellowBoxRegistry = require('YellowBoxRegistry');

  const {error, warn} = console;

  // eslint-disable-next-line no-shadow
  YellowBox = class YellowBox extends React.Component<Props, State> {
    static ignoreWarnings(patterns: $ReadOnlyArray<string>): void {
      YellowBoxRegistry.addIgnorePatterns(patterns);
    }

    static install(): void {
      (console: any).error = function(...args) {
        error.call(console, ...args);
        // Show YellowBox for the `warning` module.
        if (typeof args[0] === 'string' && args[0].startsWith('Warning: ')) {
          registerWarning(...args);
        }
      };

      (console: any).warn = function(...args) {
        warn.call(console, ...args);
        registerWarning(...args);
      };

      if ((console: any).disableYellowBox === true) {
        YellowBoxRegistry.setDisabled(true);
      }
      (Object.defineProperty: any)(console, 'disableYellowBox', {
        configurable: true,
        get: () => YellowBoxRegistry.isDisabled(),
        set: value => YellowBoxRegistry.setDisabled(value),
      });

      if (Platform.isTesting) {
        (console: any).disableYellowBox = true;
      }

      RCTLog.setWarningHandler((...args) => {
        registerWarning(...args);
      });
    }

    static uninstall(): void {
      (console: any).error = error;
      (console: any).warn = error;
      delete (console: any).disableYellowBox;
    }

    _subscription: ?Subscription;

    state = {
      registry: null,
    };

    render(): React.Node {
      // TODO: Ignore warnings that fire when rendering `YellowBox` itself.
      return this.state.registry == null ? null : (
        <YellowBoxList
          onDismiss={this._handleDismiss}
          onDismissAll={this._handleDismissAll}
          registry={this.state.registry}
        />
      );
    }

    componentDidMount(): void {
      this._subscription = YellowBoxRegistry.observe(registry => {
        this.setState({registry});
      });
    }

    componentWillUnmount(): void {
      if (this._subscription != null) {
        this._subscription.unsubscribe();
      }
    }

    _handleDismiss = (category: Category): void => {
      YellowBoxRegistry.delete(category);
    };

    _handleDismissAll(): void {
      YellowBoxRegistry.clear();
    }
  };

  const registerWarning = (...args): void => {
    YellowBoxRegistry.add({args, framesToPop: 2});
  };
} else {
  YellowBox = class extends React.Component<Props> {
    static ignoreWarnings(patterns: $ReadOnlyArray<string>): void {
      // Do nothing.
    }

    static install(): void {
      // Do nothing.
    }

    static uninstall(): void {
      // Do nothing.
    }

    render(): React.Node {
      return null;
    }
  };
}

module.exports = YellowBox;

它是一个 class 组件,大概逻辑是:“劫持宿主环境的console.warn,并将警告信息用原生 YellowBoxList渲染出来;同时也劫持console.error,将React环境中以error级别输出的警告信息还原成warning级别的日志(避免影响理解,这一点无需理会)”

这就是黄屏的切入点了,仅仅是将警告日志以另一种方式输出而已,好像与我们要做的事情无关,但是真的无关吗?

时刻记住,应用的每一个 error 和 warn 级别的日志都不应该忽视,尤其是warn级别的日志!

让我们看下以下代码:

  // 模拟异步操作 可能是请求、可能是与native modules 方法通信
  mockAsyncHandle = ()=>{
    return new Promise((resolve,reject)=>{
      // 执行异常
      throw new Error([1,2,3].toString())
    })
  }

  async componentDidMount(){
    const resp = await this.mockAsyncHandle() // 执行异常
    // 后续代码不会再执行
    console.log(resp)
    // 使用 resp 去做业务处理,可能是更新state 也可能是某些操作的前提条件
    // ...
  }

这段代码会触发一个 yellow box 黄屏提示, warning 级别日志如下:
unhandled Promise.png

有过Promise丰富使用经验的同学可能已经发现了,在这里,throw new Error([1,2,3].toString()) 抛出的异常被吞掉了,代码中依赖resp的逻辑全部会失败,非常严重的异常!你可能想到链式调用Promise.prototye.catch()去处理拒绝状态的Promise,但是假如catch处理函数中继续抛出异常呢?这种现象在《你所不知道的JavaScript》书中被称为“绝望的陷阱”,与 try...catch 一样,始终会吞掉最后的异常。

在 web 端,浏览器会自动追踪内存使用情况,通过垃圾回收机制处理这个 rejected Promise,并且提供unhandledrejection事件进行监听。

那么,在RN中,此类Promise异常怎么处理呢?

查看源码node_modules\react-native\Libraries\Promise.js 可知,RN扩展了ES6 Promise :

/**
 * Copyright (c) Facebook, Inc. and its affiliates.
 *
 * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
 * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
 *
 * @format
 * @flow
 */

'use strict';

const Promise = require('promise/setimmediate/es6-extensions');
require('promise/setimmediate/done');

Promise.prototype.finally = function(onSettled) {
  return this.then(onSettled, onSettled);
};

if (__DEV__) {
  /* $FlowFixMe(>=0.54.0 site=react_native_oss) This comment suppresses an
   * error found when Flow v0.54 was deployed. To see the error delete this
   * comment and run Flow. */
  require('promise/setimmediate/rejection-tracking').enable({
    allRejections: true,
    onUnhandled: (id, error = {}) => {
      let message: string;
      let stack: ?string;

      const stringValue = Object.prototype.toString.call(error);
      if (stringValue === '[object Error]') {
        message = Error.prototype.toString.call(error);
        stack = error.stack;
      } else {
        /* $FlowFixMe(>=0.54.0 site=react_native_oss) This comment suppresses
         * an error found when Flow v0.54 was deployed. To see the error delete
         * this comment and run Flow. */
        message = require('pretty-format')(error);
      }

      const warning =
        `Possible Unhandled Promise Rejection (id: ${id}):\n` +
        `${message}\n` +
        (stack == null ? '' : stack);
      console.warn(warning);
    },
    onHandled: id => {
      const warning =
        `Promise Rejection Handled (id: ${id})\n` +
        'This means you can ignore any previous messages of the form ' +
        `"Possible Unhandled Promise Rejection (id: ${id}):"`;
      console.warn(warning);
    },
  });
}

module.exports = Promise;

RN 默认在开发环境下,通过promise/setimmediate/rejection-tracking去追踪 rejected 状态的Promise,并提供了onUnhandled回调函数处理未进行处理的 rejected Promise,其执行时机可以在rejection-tracking.js中源码中找到:

//...
timeout: setTimeout(
    onUnhandled.bind(null, promise._51),
    // For reference errors and type errors, this almost always
    // means the programmer made a mistake, so log them after just
    // 100ms
    // otherwise, wait 2 seconds to see if they get handled
    matchWhitelist(err, DEFAULT_WHITELIST)
      ? 100
      : 2000
  ),
//...

与错误处理类似,我们只需将 onUnhandled回调函数替换成我们自定义的Promise 异常处理逻辑就能从RN手中接管Promise异常处理了!!!

OK,通过分析源码,我们已经理清思路并知道应该如何做了,接下来动手实现吧。

完美的解决方案

方案:错误边界 + ErrorUtils + promise rejection tracking

在前言中有提到:

我们应该在出现异常时,通过降级UI(如web端常见的404页面、"网络开小差了,请稍后再试"弹窗)提示安慰用户,并引导用户转向正常页面。

例如下面的提示(demo):
subUI.png

有 React 开发经验的同学应该知道,React 16+ 提供了一个方案:错误边界(Error Boundaries),完美地契合了我们逻辑上的要求。
官方demo如下:

class ErrorBoundary extends React.Component {
  constructor(props) {
    super(props);
    this.state = { hasError: false };
  }

  static getDerivedStateFromError(error) {
    // 更新 state 使下一次渲染能够显示降级后的 UI
    return { hasError: true };
  }

  componentDidCatch(error, errorInfo) {
    // 你同样可以将错误日志上报给服务器
    logErrorToMyService(error, errorInfo);
  }

  render() {
    if (this.state.hasError) {
      // 你可以自定义降级后的 UI 并渲染
      return <h1>Something went wrong.</h1>;
    }

    return this.props.children; 
  }
}

但是错误边界有以下缺陷:

错误边界无法捕获以下场景中产生的错误:

  • 事件处理(了解更多)
  • 异步代码(例如 setTimeoutrequestAnimationFrame 回调函数)
  • 服务端渲染(RN中可以忽略此条)
  • 它自身抛出来的错误(并非它的子组件)

很幸运,通过我们上述源码的分析,我们可以在错误边界中通过global.ErrorUtils.setGlobalHandler(callback)注册RN错误处理回调函数以及设置rejection-tracking.jsonUnhandled函数来处理未处理的 rejected Promise.

来看看修改后的最终代码,升级版错误边界:

import React from 'react'
import PropTypes from 'prop-types'

class ErrorBoundary extends React.Component {
  constructor(props) {
    super(props)
    this.state = { hasError: false }

    global.ErrorUtils.setGlobalHandler(e=> {
      /*你的异常处理逻辑*/
      console.log('%c 处理异常 .....', 'font-size:12px;color:#869')
      console.log(e.message)
      this.setState({
        hasError: true
      })
    })
    require('promise/setimmediate/rejection-tracking').enable({
      allRejections: true,
      onUnhandled: (id, error = {}) => {
        let message
        let stack
  
        const stringValue = Object.prototype.toString.call(error);
        if (stringValue === '[object Error]') {
          message = Error.prototype.toString.call(error);
          stack = error.stack;
        } else {
          /* $FlowFixMe(>=0.54.0 site=react_native_oss) This comment suppresses
           * an error found when Flow v0.54 was deployed. To see the error delete
           * this comment and run Flow. */
          message = require('pretty-format')(error);
        }
  
        const warning =
          `Possible Unhandled Promise Rejection (id: ${id}):\n` +
          `${message}\n` +
          (stack == null ? '' : stack);
        console.warn(warning);
        // 更新 state 使下一次渲染能够显示降级后的 UI
        this.setState({
          hasError: true
        })
      },
      onHandled: id => {
        const warning =
          `Promise Rejection Handled (id: ${id})\n` +
          'This means you can ignore any previous messages of the form ' +
          `"Possible Unhandled Promise Rejection (id: ${id}):"`;
        console.warn(warning);
      },
    });
  }

  static propTypes={
    //自定义降级后的 UI
    errorPage:PropTypes.element,
    //可以根据自己的实际业务需求再增加其他属性,比如配置开发模式下是否要关闭红屏/黄屏显示
  }

  static getDerivedStateFromError(error) {
    // 更新 state 使下一次渲染能够显示降级后的 UI
    return { hasError: true }
  }

  componentDidCatch(error, errorInfo) {
    // 你同样可以将错误日志上报给服务器
    console.log(error, errorInfo)
  }

  render() {
    if (this.state.hasError) {
      // 你可以自定义降级后的 UI 并渲染
      return this.props.errorPage? this.props.errorPage:<h1>Something went wrong.</h1>
    }

    return this.props.children
  }
}
export default ErrorBoundary

使用方式与错误边界使用方式相同,在组件树最顶层,即包裹根组件使用:

//ErrorPage 是你自定义的降级显示UI
<ErrorBoundary errorPage={<ErrorPage/>}>
  <App/>
</ErrorBoundary>

ErrorPage 是你自定义的降级显示UI

完美,自此,RN应用中所用的异常全部由我们自己掌控处理了!快去项目中试试吧

附注

本文中的 React Native 源码分析,皆来自于 0.59.9 版本,但我也查阅分析了最新的 0.62.2 版本源码,除了部分文件内容有新增以外,本文涉及的 API 均未发生破坏性更改,请放心食用。

另外,有消息称 React Native 架构重构将于2020年第4季度,也就是今年完成,架构演变如下:
rn 架构重构.png

图片来源于 React Native maintainer——Lorenzo S.

希望到时 React Native 能带给我们更好的开发与使用体验!

FAQ

最后,回答几个大家可能有的疑问:

  1. 为什么不用 try...catch?
    答: 无法确定哪个代码块会出现异常,大量使用try...catch 会存在性能问题,并且它只能捕获同步代码中的异常,对于异步代码中可能出现的异常束手无策;另外它也存在 “绝望的陷阱” 这一问题。
  2. ErrorUtils 能捕获异步的异常吗?
    答:可以。只要是RN应用内抛出的异常都会被 ErrorUtils 捕获。
  3. ErrorUtils 为什么不能捕获Promise中的异常?
    答:因为对于JSC来说,此时并没有发生错误,当然无法被捕获。我们所说的 Promise 异常,其实是Promise 设计缺陷导致一个 rejected Promise 一直未被处理,表现为:异常被吞掉了。因此我们需要定义onUnhandled进行处理。
  4. 可以使用function component 来编写错误边界吗?
    答:不可以。错误边界只能是 Class 组件。如果你想把 ErrorUtils 与 Promise 异常处理从错误边界中剥离出来放到其他函数式组件中也是可以的,但是从组件化设计的角度来看的话,不推荐这样做。

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