【密码】Oracle用户密码系列

2021/4/10 2:28:42

编程Tag： 用户 密码 Date oracle sys LHRDB username LHRSYS EXPIRY

本文主要是介绍【密码】Oracle用户密码系列，对大家解决编程问题具有一定的参考价值，需要的程序猿们随着小编来一起学习吧！

【密码】Oracle用户密码系列

1.1  BLOG文档结构图

wpsDDB1.tmp 

1.2  前言部分

1.2.1  导读和注意事项

各位技术爱好者，看完本文后，你可以掌握如下的技能，也可以学到一些其它你所不知道的知识，~O(∩_∩)O~：

① 用户的9种状态含义（重点）

② 如何解锁账户

③ 如何修改密码无效状态

④ 如何获取密码的密文，如何利用密文修改用户的密码（重点）

⑤ 如何查询失败的登陆次数

⑥ 11g 密码大小写问题

⑦ 11g 密码延迟验证

⑧ 密码复杂性校验

 

Tips：

① 本文在itpub（http://blog.itpub.net/26736162）、博客园(http://www.cnblogs.com/lhrbest)和微信公众号（xiaomaimiaolhr）上有同步更新。

② 文章中用到的所有代码、相关软件、相关资料及本文的pdf版本都请前往小麦苗的云盘下载，小麦苗的云盘地址见：http://blog.itpub.net/26736162/viewspace-1624453/。

③ 若网页文章代码格式有错乱，请下载pdf格式的文档来阅读。

④ 在本篇BLOG中，代码输出部分一般放在一行一列的表格中。

本文若有错误或不完善的地方请大家多多指正，您的批评指正是我写作的最大动力。

 

1.2.2  本文简介

客户的一个账户密码过期了，但是客户设置了永不过期，问到我为什么。我当时觉得设置了永不过期那肯定是生效的，只是这个部分的内容忘得差不多了，当时还想到可能是resource_limit这个参数没有设置为TRUE的缘故，后来查了官方文档才知道并不是这个原因。于是下决心把这部分的内容系统学习一下，自己总结的内容分享给大家。

1.3  使用profile管理用户口令

Oracle用户的状态是由密码来决定的，而Oracle中的密码是由PROFILE来配置的。PROFILE是口令限制、资源限制的命令集合。当建立数据库时，Oracle会自动建立名称为DEFAULT的PROFILE。当创建用户而没有指定PROFILE选项时，Oracle就会将DEFAULT分配给用户。

通过如下的命令可以查出与密码相关的PROFILE的值：

 SELECT *

   FROM DBA_PROFILES D

  WHERE D.PROFILE = 'DEFAULT'

    AND (D.RESOURCE_NAME LIKE '%PASSWORD%' OR

        D.RESOURCE_NAME = 'FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS');

wpsDDB2.tmp 

每个参数的含义如下所示：

l FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS  设定登录到Oracle数据库时可以失败的次数。一旦某用户尝试登录数据库的达到该值时，该用户的帐户就被锁定，只能由DBA能解锁。

l PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME  设定口令的有效时间（天数），一旦超过这一时间，必须重新设口令。缺省为UNLIMITED。

l PASSWORD_REUSE_TIME  许多系统不许用户重新启用过去用过的口令。该资源项设定了一个失效口令要经过多少天，用户才可以重新使用该口令，缺省为UNLIMITED。

l PASSWORD_REUSE_MAX   重新启用一个先前用过的口令前必须对该口令进行重新设置的次数（重复用的次数）。

l PASSWORD_LOCK_TIME  设定帐户被锁定的天数（当登录失败达到FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS时）。

l PASSWORD_GRACE_TIME  设定在口令失效前，给予的重新设该口令的宽限天。当口令失效之后回，在登录时会出现警告信息显示该天数。如果没有在宽限天内修改口令，口令将失效。

l PASSWORD_VERITY_FUNCTION  该资源项允许调用一个PL/SQL来验证口令。Oracle已提供该应用的脚本，为$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/utlpwdmg.sql。但是，用户可以制定自己的验证脚本。该参数的设定就是PL/SQL函数的名称，缺省为NULL。

1.3.1  修改密码为永不过期

 

SYS@lhrdb> select username, account_status,EXPIRY_DATE,profile from dba_users where username = 'LHRSYS';

 

USERNAM ACCOUNT_STATUS                  EXPIRY_DATE         PROFILE

------- ------------------------------- ------------------- ------------------------------

LHRSYS  OPEN                            2016-12-07 15:20:36 TESTPROFILE

 

SYS@lhrdb> alter user lhrsys password expire;

 

User altered.

 

SYS@lhrdb> select username, account_status,EXPIRY_DATE,profile from dba_users where username = 'LHRSYS';

 

USERNAM ACCOUNT_STATUS                  EXPIRY_DATE         PROFILE

------- ------------------------------- ------------------- ------------------------------

LHRSYS  EXPIRED                         2016-12-02 16:36:24 TESTPROFILE

 

SYS@lhrdb> ALTER PROFILE TESTPROFILE LIMIT PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME UNLIMITED;

 

Profile altered.

 

SYS@lhrdb> select username, account_status,EXPIRY_DATE,profile from dba_users where username = 'LHRSYS';

 

USERNAM ACCOUNT_STATUS                  EXPIRY_DATE         PROFILE

------- ------------------------------- ------------------- ------------------------------

LHRSYS  EXPIRED                         2016-12-02 16:36:24 TESTPROFILE

 

SYS@lhrdb> SELECT NB.PASSWORD FROM USER$ NB WHERE NB.NAME ='LHRSYS';

 

PASSWORD

------------------------------

F809740420A44EFC

 

SYS@lhrdb> ALTER USER LHRSYS   IDENTIFIED BY VALUES 'F809740420A44EFC';

 

User altered.

 

SYS@lhrdb> select username, account_status,EXPIRY_DATE,profile from dba_users where username = 'LHRSYS';

 

USERNAM ACCOUNT_STATUS                  EXPIRY_DATE         PROFILE

------- ------------------------------- ------------------- ------------------------------

LHRSYS  OPEN                                                TESTPROFILE

 

SYS@lhrdb>

 

1.3.2  ACCOUNT_STATUS的九种状态

wpsDDB3.tmp 

SYS@lhrdb> SELECT * FROM USER_ASTATUS_MAP;

 

   STATUS# STATUS

---------- --------------------------------

         0 OPEN

         1 EXPIRED

         2 EXPIRED(GRACE)

         4 LOCKED(TIMED)

         8 LOCKED

         5 EXPIRED & LOCKED(TIMED)

         6 EXPIRED(GRACE) & LOCKED(TIMED)

         9 EXPIRED & LOCKED

        10 EXPIRED(GRACE) & LOCKED

 

9 rows selected.

 

 

以上九种可以分为两大类：1.基本状态；2.组合状态。

前五种是基本状态：

         0 OPEN

         1 EXPIRED

         2 EXPIRED(GRACE)

         4 LOCKED(TIMED)

         8 LOCKED

 

后四种是组合状态：

         5 EXPIRED & LOCKED(TIMED)

         6 EXPIRED(GRACE) & LOCKED(TIMED)

         9 EXPIRED & LOCKED

        10 EXPIRED(GRACE) & LOCKED

规律是这样的：后四种的组合状态可以通过状态号STATUS#获得它是哪两种状态的组合，例如10=2+8（10 EXPIRED(GRACE) & LOCKED = 2 EXPIRED(GRACE) + 8 LOCKED）。因此只要了解基本状态的含义其他便可无师自通。

这五种基本状态又可以分为三类：1.正常状态；2.锁定状态；3.密码过期状态。

1）OPEN表示用户处于正常状态。

2）用户被锁定状态，LOCKED和LOCKED(TIMED)两种状态都属于锁定状态

用户被锁定一般分为两种：一种是DBA显式的通过SQL语句对用户进行锁定；另外一种是被动的锁定，例如默认情况下如果密码输入错误超过10次（这个限制是由PROFILE中的FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS控制的，该信息可以通过DBA_PROFILES视图查询），用户将被锁定。

wps4FAF.tmp

1.3.2.1  锁定状态

一、 LOCKED

显式锁定LHRSYS用户LOCKED状态演示

SELECT D.USERNAME,

       D.ACCOUNT_STATUS,

       D.LOCK_DATE,

       D.EXPIRY_DATE,

       D.PROFILE,

       NVL(D.PASSWORD,

           (SELECT NB.PASSWORD FROM USER$ NB WHERE NB.NAME = D.USERNAME)) PASSWORD

  FROM DBA_USERS D

 WHERE D.USERNAME = 'LHRSYS';

wpsDDC5.tmp 

SYS@lhrdb> ALTER USER LHRSYS ACCOUNT LOCK;

 

User altered.

 

SYS@lhrdb> conn lhrsys/lhr

ERROR:

ORA-28000: the account is locked

 

 

Warning: You are no longer connected to ORACLE.

@> conn /  as sysdba

Connected.

 

SYS@lhrdb> select username, account_status,d.lock_date from dba_users d where username = 'LHRSYS';

 

USERNAME                       ACCOUNT_STATUS                   LOCK_DATE

------------------------------ -------------------------------- -------------------

LHRSYS                         LOCKED                           2016-12-02 09:33:50

 

SYS@lhrdb> ALTER USER LHRSYS ACCOUNT UNLOCK;

 

User altered.

 

SYS@lhrdb> select username, account_status,d.lock_date from dba_users d where username = 'LHRSYS';

 

USERNAME                       ACCOUNT_STATUS                   LOCK_DATE

------------------------------ -------------------------------- -------------------

LHRSYS                         OPEN

 

 

二、 LOCKED(TIMED)

输入10次错误密码后被动锁定LOCKED(TIMED)状态演示

尝试输入10次错误密码后再次查询用户状态。

SYS@lhrdb> SELECT * FROM Dba_Profiles d WHERE d.profile='DEFAULT' AND D.resource_name LIKE '%FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS%' ;

 

PROFILE                        RESOURCE_NAME                    RESOURCE LIMIT

------------------------------ -------------------------------- -------- -------------------------------

DEFAULT                        FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS            PASSWORD 10

 

 

SYS@lhrdb> CONN  LHRSYS/XXXX@192.168.59.129/lhrdb

ERROR:

ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied

 

 

Warning: You are no longer connected to ORACLE.

@> CONN  LHRSYS/XXXX@192.168.59.129/lhrdb

ERROR:

ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied

 

 

@> CONN  LHRSYS/XXXX@192.168.59.129/lhrdb

ERROR:

ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied

 

 

@> CONN  LHRSYS/XXXX@192.168.59.129/lhrdb

ERROR:

ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied

 

 

@> CONN  LHRSYS/XXXX@192.168.59.129/lhrdb

ERROR:

ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied

 

 

@> CONN  LHRSYS/XXXX@192.168.59.129/lhrdb

ERROR:

ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied

 

 

@> CONN  LHRSYS/XXXX@192.168.59.129/lhrdb

ERROR:

ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied

 

 

@> CONN  LHRSYS/XXXX@192.168.59.129/lhrdb

ERROR:

ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied

 

 

@> CONN  LHRSYS/XXXX@192.168.59.129/lhrdb

ERROR:

ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied

 

 

@> CONN  LHRSYS/XXXX@192.168.59.129/lhrdb

ERROR:

ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied

 

@> CONN  LHRSYS/XXXX@192.168.59.129/lhrdb

ERROR:

ORA-28000: the account is locked<<<<<<<<<------超过10次后用户被锁定

 

@> CONN / AS SYSDBA

Connected.

 

SYS@lhrdb> select username, account_status,d.lock_date from dba_users d where username = 'LHRSYS';

 

USERNAME                       ACCOUNT_STATUS                   LOCK_DATE

------------------------------ -------------------------------- -------------------

LHRSYS                        LOCKED(TIMED)                    2016-12-02 09:37:20

SYS@lhrdb>

SYS@lhrdb>

 

SYS@lhrdb> ALTER USER LHRSYS ACCOUNT UNLOCK;

 

User altered.

 

SYS@lhrdb> select username, account_status,d.lock_date from dba_users d where username = 'LHRSYS';

 

USERNAME                       ACCOUNT_STATUS                   LOCK_DATE

------------------------------ -------------------------------- -------------------

LHRSYS                         OPEN

 

 

1.3.2.2  过期状态

用户密码过期状态，EXPIRED和EXPIRED(GRACE)两种状态都属于密码过期状态。

wpsDDC6.tmp 

一、 EXPIRED

密码是否过期是通过修改PROFILE中的PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME实现的，密码过期后还可以使用的天数是通过PROFILE中的PASSWORD_GRACE_TIME控制的。

关于密码过期我们也可以使用SQL显式的去完成，简单演示一下。

SYS@lhrdb> select username, account_status,EXPIRY_DATE from dba_users where username = 'LHRSYS';

 

USERNAME                       ACCOUNT_STATUS                   EXPIRY_DATE

------------------------------ -------------------------------- -------------------

LHRSYS                         OPEN

 

SYS@lhrdb> alter user lhrsys password expire;

 

User altered.

 

SYS@lhrdb> select username, account_status,EXPIRY_DATE from dba_users where username = 'LHRSYS';

 

USERNAME                       ACCOUNT_STATUS                   EXPIRY_DATE

------------------------------ -------------------------------- -------------------

LHRSYS                         EXPIRED                          2016-12-01 16:29:01

 

SYS@lhrdb> conn lhrsys/lhr

ERROR:

ORA-28001: the password has expired

 

 

Changing password for lhrsys

New password:

Retype new password:

Password changed

Connected.

 

LHRSYS@lhrdb> conn / as sysdba

Connected.

SYS@lhrdb> select username, account_status,EXPIRY_DATE from dba_users where username = 'LHRSYS';

 

USERNAME                       ACCOUNT_STATUS                   EXPIRY_DATE

------------------------------ -------------------------------- -------------------

LHRSYS                         OPEN

 

 

 

下面通过修改系统的日期来演示：

SYS@lhrdb> SELECT D.USERNAME,

  2         D.ACCOUNT_STATUS,

  3         D.LOCK_DATE,

  4         D.EXPIRY_DATE,

  5         D.PROFILE,

  6         NVL(D.PASSWORD,

  7             (SELECT NB.PASSWORD FROM USER$ NB WHERE NB.NAME = D.USERNAME)) PASSWORD

  8    FROM DBA_USERS D

  9   WHERE D.USERNAME = 'LHRSYS';

 

USERNAME                       ACCOUNT_STATUS                   LOCK_DATE           EXPIRY_DATE         PROFILE                        PASSWORD

------------------------------ -------------------------------- ------------------- ------------------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------

LHRSYS                         OPEN                                                                     DEFAULT                        F809740420A44EFC

 

SYS@lhrdb> create profile TESTPROFILE LIMIT password_life_time 5 password_grace_time 0;<<<<<<<<<------这里将password_grace_time设置为0

 

Profile created.

 

SYS@lhrdb> alter user LHRSYS profile TESTPROFILE;

 

User altered.

 

 

SYS@lhrdb>  select username,account_status,profile,EXPIRY_DATE from dba_users where username = 'LHRSYS';

 

USERNAME                       ACCOUNT_STATUS                   PROFILE                        EXPIRY_DATE

------------------------------ -------------------------------- ------------------------------ -------------------

LHRSYS                         OPEN                             TESTPROFILE                    2016-12-07 14:50:36

 

--修改系统时间

[root@orcltest ~]# date '12071450'

Wed Dec  7 14:50:00 CST 2016

[root@orcltest ~]#

系统查询：

SYS@lhrdb>  select sysdate from dual;

 

SYSDATE

-------------------

2016-12-07 14:50:19

 

SYS@lhrdb>  conn LHRSYS/lhr

Connected.

LHRSYS@lhrdb>  conn LHRSYS/lhr

ERROR:

ORA-28001: the password has expired

 

 

Changing password for LHRSYS

New password:

Password unchanged

Warning: You are no longer connected to ORACLE.

 

@> conn / as sysdba

Connected.

SYS@lhrdb>  select username,account_status,profile,EXPIRY_DATE from dba_users where username = 'LHRSYS';

 

USERNAME                       ACCOUNT_STATUS                   PROFILE                        EXPIRY_DATE

------------------------------ -------------------------------- ------------------------------ -------------------

LHRSYS                         EXPIRED                          TESTPROFILE                    2016-12-12 10:36:06

 

 

SYS@lhrdb> alter user LHRSYS identified by lhr;

 

User altered.

 

SYS@lhrdb> select username,account_status,profile,EXPIRY_DATE from dba_users where username = 'LHRSYS';

 

USERNAME                       ACCOUNT_STATUS                   PROFILE                        EXPIRY_DATE

------------------------------ -------------------------------- ------------------------------ -------------------

LHRSYS                         OPEN                             TESTPROFILE                    2016-12-12 14:52:54

 

 

二、 EXPIRED(GRACE)

当设置了PASSWORD_GRACE_TIME以后，第一次成功登录后到口令到期后有多少天时间可改变口令，在这段时间内，帐户被提醒修改口令并可以正常登陆，account_status显示为EXPIRED(GRACE)。expired(grace) 与 locked(timed)是由系统的profile来进行控制的。

SYS@lhrdb> select username,account_status,profile,EXPIRY_DATE from dba_users where username = 'LHRSYS';

 

USERNAME                       ACCOUNT_STATUS                   PROFILE                        EXPIRY_DATE

------------------------------ -------------------------------- ------------------------------ -------------------

LHRSYS                         OPEN                             TESTPROFILE                    2016-12-07 14:09:09

 

SYS@lhrdb> select sysdate from dual;

 

SYSDATE

-------------------

2016-12-02 14:09:32

 

 

SYS@lhrdb> ALTER PROFILE TESTPROFILE LIMIT password_grace_time 3;

 

Profile altered.

 

SYS@lhrdb>  SELECT *

  2     FROM DBA_PROFILES D

  3    WHERE D.PROFILE = 'TESTPROFILE'

  4      AND (D.RESOURCE_NAME LIKE '%PASSWORD%' OR

  5          D.RESOURCE_NAME = 'FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS');

 

PROFILE                        RESOURCE_NAME                    RESOURCE LIMIT

------------------------------ -------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------------------

TESTPROFILE                    FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS            PASSWORD DEFAULT

TESTPROFILE                    PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME               PASSWORD 5

TESTPROFILE                    PASSWORD_REUSE_TIME              PASSWORD DEFAULT

TESTPROFILE                    PASSWORD_REUSE_MAX               PASSWORD DEFAULT

TESTPROFILE                    PASSWORD_VERIFY_FUNCTION         PASSWORD DEFAULT

TESTPROFILE                    PASSWORD_LOCK_TIME               PASSWORD DEFAULT

TESTPROFILE                    PASSWORD_GRACE_TIME              PASSWORD 3

 

7 rows selected.

 

SYS@lhrdb>

 

 

--修改系统时间

[root@orcltest ~]# date '12071408'<<<<<<<<<------14:09过期，我们设置到14:08分

Wed Dec  7 14:08:00 CST 2016

[root@orcltest ~]#

 

系统查询：

LHRSYS@lhrdb> select sysdate from dual;

 

SYSDATE

-------------------

2016-12-07 14:08:03

 

LHRSYS@lhrdb> conn lhrsys/lhr

Connected.

 

LHRSYS@lhrdb> select sysdate from dual;

 

SYSDATE

-------------------

2016-12-07 14:09:06

 

LHRSYS@lhrdb> select sysdate from dual;

 

SYSDATE

-------------------

2016-12-07 14:09:09

 

LHRSYS@lhrdb> select sysdate from dual;

 

SYSDATE

-------------------

2016-12-07 14:09:11<<<<<<<<<------已过了密码有效期

 

LHRSYS@lhrdb>  select username,account_status,profile,EXPIRY_DATE from dba_users where username = 'LHRSYS';

 

USERNAME                       ACCOUNT_STATUS                   PROFILE                        EXPIRY_DATE

------------------------------ -------------------------------- ------------------------------ -------------------

LHRSYS                         OPEN                             TESTPROFILE                    2016-12-07 14:09:09<<<<<<<<<------但该用户的状态未改变，下面尝试第一次登陆

 

LHRSYS@lhrdb> conn lhrsys/lhr

ERROR:

ORA-28002: the password will expire within 3 days<<<<<<<<<------第一次登陆后报错，但用户依然可以登陆，且EXPIRY_DATE已经变化

 

 

Connected.

LHRSYS@lhrdb> select username,account_status,profile,EXPIRY_DATE from dba_users where username = 'LHRSYS';

 

USERNAME                       ACCOUNT_STATUS                   PROFILE                        EXPIRY_DATE

------------------------------ -------------------------------- ------------------------------ -------------------

LHRSYS                         EXPIRED(GRACE)                   TESTPROFILE                    2016-12-10 14:09:34

<<<<<<<<<------再次查询状态，变为了EXPIRED(GRACE)

 

再次调整日期：

[root@orcltest ~]# date '12081430'

Thu Dec  8 14:30:00 CST 2016

 

LHRSYS@lhrdb>

LHRSYS@lhrdb> select sysdate from dual;

 

SYSDATE

-------------------

2016-12-08 14:30:12

 

LHRSYS@lhrdb>  conn lhrsys/lhr

ERROR:

ORA-28002: the password will expire within 2 days<<<<<<<<<------变为了2天

 

 

Connected.

LHRSYS@lhrdb>

继续更改日期：

[root@orcltest ~]# date '12101409'

Sat Dec 10 14:09:00 CST 2016

[root@orcltest ~]#

查询：

LHRSYS@lhrdb> select sysdate from dual;

 

SYSDATE

-------------------

2016-12-10 14:09:07

 

 

LHRSYS@lhrdb> conn lhrsys/lhr

ERROR:

ORA-28002: the password will expire within 0 days<<<<<<<<<------变为了0天

 

 

Connected.

 

LHRSYS@lhrdb> select username,account_status,profile,EXPIRY_DATE from dba_users where username = 'LHRSYS';

 

USERNAME                       ACCOUNT_STATUS                   PROFILE                        EXPIRY_DATE

------------------------------ -------------------------------- ------------------------------ -------------------

LHRSYS                         EXPIRED(GRACE)                   TESTPROFILE                    2016-12-10 14:09:34

 

LHRSYS@lhrdb> select sysdate from dual;

 

SYSDATE

-------------------

2016-12-10 14:09:39<<<<<<<<<------GRACE日期已过

 

LHRSYS@lhrdb>  conn lhrsys/lhr

ERROR:

ORA-28001: the password has expired

 

 

Changing password for lhrsys

New password:

Password unchanged

Warning: You are no longer connected to ORACLE.

 

@> conn / as sysdba

Connected.

SYS@lhrdb>

SYS@lhrdb> select username,account_status,profile,EXPIRY_DATE from dba_users where username = 'LHRSYS';

 

USERNAME                       ACCOUNT_STATUS                   PROFILE                        EXPIRY_DATE

------------------------------ -------------------------------- ------------------------------ -------------------

LHRSYS                         EXPIRED                          TESTPROFILE                    2016-12-10 14:09:34

 

SYS@lhrdb>  alter user LHRSYS identified by lhr;

 

User altered.

 

SYS@lhrdb>  select username,account_status,profile,EXPIRY_DATE from dba_users where username = 'LHRSYS';

 

USERNAME                       ACCOUNT_STATUS                   PROFILE                        EXPIRY_DATE

------------------------------ -------------------------------- ------------------------------ -------------------

LHRSYS                         OPEN                             TESTPROFILE                    2016-12-15 14:13:08

 

SYS@lhrdb>

 

 

1.3.2.3  组合状态

关于四种组合状态的解释

因为锁定的两种状态（LOCKED和LOCKED(TIMED)）和密码过期的两种状态（EXPIRED和EXPIRED(GRACE)）之间没有关系。因此他们之间可以任意组合，2×2=4，因此有四种组合状态：

         5 EXPIRED & LOCKED(TIMED)

         6 EXPIRED(GRACE) & LOCKED(TIMED)

         9 EXPIRED & LOCKED

        10 EXPIRED(GRACE) & LOCKED

 

一、 EXPIRED & LOCKED

EXPIRED & LOCKED状态表示用户密码过期且同时处于锁定状态

SYS@lhrdb> select username,account_status,EXPIRY_DATE,lock_date from dba_users where username = 'LHRSYS';

 

USERNAME                       ACCOUNT_STATUS                   EXPIRY_DATE         LOCK_DATE

------------------------------ -------------------------------- ------------------- -------------------

LHRSYS                         OPEN                             2016-12-07 15:02:56

SYS@lhrdb>

SYS@lhrdb> alter user lhrsys password expire;

 

User altered.

 

SYS@lhrdb> select username,account_status,EXPIRY_DATE,lock_date from dba_users where username = 'LHRSYS';

 

USERNAME                       ACCOUNT_STATUS                   EXPIRY_DATE         LOCK_DATE

------------------------------ -------------------------------- ------------------- -------------------

LHRSYS                         EXPIRED                          2016-12-02 15:11:12

 

SYS@lhrdb> alter user lhrsys  account lock;

 

User altered.

 

SYS@lhrdb> select username, account_status,EXPIRY_DATE from dba_users where username = 'LHRSYS';

 

USERNAME                       ACCOUNT_STATUS                   EXPIRY_DATE

------------------------------ -------------------------------- -------------------

LHRSYS                         EXPIRED & LOCKED                 2016-12-01 16:51:38

 

SYS@lhrdb> alter user lhrsys  account unlock;

 

User altered.

 

SYS@lhrdb>  select username, account_status,EXPIRY_DATE from dba_users where username = 'LHRSYS';

 

USERNAME                       ACCOUNT_STATUS                   EXPIRY_DATE

------------------------------ -------------------------------- -------------------

LHRSYS                         EXPIRED                          2016-12-01 16:51:38

 

SYS@lhrdb>  alter user lhrsys identified by lhr;

 

User altered.

 

SYS@lhrdb>  select username, account_status,EXPIRY_DATE from dba_users where username = 'LHRSYS';

 

USERNAME                       ACCOUNT_STATUS                   EXPIRY_DATE

------------------------------ -------------------------------- -------------------

LHRSYS                         OPEN

 

 

 

 

二、 EXPIRED & LOCKED(TIMED)

EXPIRED & LOCKED(TIMED)状态表示用户密码过期后，错误密码尝试次数超过PROFILE中的FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS的限制

 

SYS@lhrdb> select username, account_status,EXPIRY_DATE,lock_date from dba_users where username = 'LHRSYS';

 

USERNAME                       ACCOUNT_STATUS                   EXPIRY_DATE         LOCK_DATE

------------------------------ -------------------------------- ------------------- -------------------

LHRSYS                         OPEN

 

 

SYS@lhrdb> alter user lhrsys password expire;

 

User altered.

 

SYS@lhrdb> select username, account_status,EXPIRY_DATE from dba_users where username = 'LHRSYS';

 

USERNAME                       ACCOUNT_STATUS                   EXPIRY_DATE

------------------------------ -------------------------------- -------------------

LHRSYS                         EXPIRED                          2016-12-02 10:07:27

 

SYS@lhrdb> CONN  LHRSYS/XXXX@192.168.59.129/lhrdb

ERROR:

ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied

 

 

Warning: You are no longer connected to ORACLE.

@> CONN  LHRSYS/XXXX@192.168.59.129/lhrdb

ERROR:

ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied

 

 

@> CONN  LHRSYS/XXXX@192.168.59.129/lhrdb

ERROR:

ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied

 

 

@> CONN  LHRSYS/XXXX@192.168.59.129/lhrdb

ERROR:

ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied

 

 

@> CONN  LHRSYS/XXXX@192.168.59.129/lhrdb

ERROR:

ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied

 

 

@> CONN  LHRSYS/XXXX@192.168.59.129/lhrdb

ERROR:

ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied

 

 

@> CONN  LHRSYS/XXXX@192.168.59.129/lhrdb

ERROR:

ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied

 

 

@> CONN  LHRSYS/XXXX@192.168.59.129/lhrdb

ERROR:

ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied

 

 

@> CONN  LHRSYS/XXXX@192.168.59.129/lhrdb

ERROR:

ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied

 

 

@> CONN  LHRSYS/XXXX@192.168.59.129/lhrdb

ERROR:

ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied

 

 

@> conn / as sysdba

Connected.

 

SYS@lhrdb> select username, account_status,EXPIRY_DATE,lock_date from dba_users where username = 'LHRSYS';

 

USERNAME                       ACCOUNT_STATUS                   EXPIRY_DATE         LOCK_DATE

------------------------------ -------------------------------- ------------------- -------------------

LHRSYS                         EXPIRED & LOCKED(TIMED)          2016-12-02 10:07:27 2016-12-02 10:09:03

 

SYS@lhrdb>

SYS@lhrdb> alter user lhrsys  account unlock;

 

User altered.

 

SYS@lhrdb> select username, account_status,EXPIRY_DATE,lock_date from dba_users where username = 'LHRSYS';

 

USERNAME                       ACCOUNT_STATUS                   EXPIRY_DATE         LOCK_DATE

------------------------------ -------------------------------- ------------------- -------------------

LHRSYS                         EXPIRED                          2016-12-02 10:07:27

 

SYS@lhrdb> alter user lhrsys identified by lhr;

 

User altered.

 

SYS@lhrdb> select username, account_status,EXPIRY_DATE,lock_date from dba_users where username = 'LHRSYS';

 

USERNAME                       ACCOUNT_STATUS                   EXPIRY_DATE         LOCK_DATE

------------------------------ -------------------------------- ------------------- -------------------

LHRSYS                         OPEN

 

SYS@lhrdb>

 

 

 

三、 EXPIRED(GRACE) & LOCKED

EXPIRED(GRACE) & LOCKED状态表示用户在密码过期后的有效期内被DBA手工锁定。

LHRSYS@lhrdb> select username,account_status,profile,EXPIRY_DATE from dba_users where username = 'LHRSYS';

 

USERNAME                       ACCOUNT_STATUS                   PROFILE                        EXPIRY_DATE

------------------------------ -------------------------------- ------------------------------ -------------------

LHRSYS                         OPEN                             TESTPROFILE                    2016-12-07 14:39:20

 

LHRSYS@lhrdb> select sysdate from dual;

 

SYSDATE

-------------------

2016-12-07 14:39:17

 

LHRSYS@lhrdb> select sysdate from dual;

 

SYSDATE

-------------------

2016-12-07 14:39:25

 

 

LHRSYS@lhrdb> select username,account_status,profile,EXPIRY_DATE from dba_users where username = 'LHRSYS';

 

USERNAME                       ACCOUNT_STATUS                   PROFILE                        EXPIRY_DATE

------------------------------ -------------------------------- ------------------------------ -------------------

LHRSYS                         OPEN                             TESTPROFILE                    2016-12-07 14:39:20

 

LHRSYS@lhrdb> conn lhrsys/lhr

ERROR:

ORA-28002: the password will expire within 3 days

 

 

Connected.

LHRSYS@lhrdb> select username,account_status,profile,EXPIRY_DATE from dba_users where username = 'LHRSYS';

 

USERNAME                       ACCOUNT_STATUS                   PROFILE                        EXPIRY_DATE

------------------------------ -------------------------------- ------------------------------ -------------------

LHRSYS                         EXPIRED(GRACE)                   TESTPROFILE                    2016-12-10 14:39:54

 

LHRSYS@lhrdb> alter user lhrsys account lock;

 

User altered.

 

SYS@lhrdb>  select username,account_status,EXPIRY_DATE,lock_date from dba_users where username = 'LHRSYS';

 

USERNAME                       ACCOUNT_STATUS                   EXPIRY_DATE         LOCK_DATE

------------------------------ -------------------------------- ------------------- -------------------

LHRSYS                         EXPIRED(GRACE) & LOCKED          2016-12-10 14:39:54 2016-12-07 14:40:20

 

 

LHRSYS@lhrdb> alter user lhrsys account unlock;

 

User altered.

 

LHRSYS@lhrdb> select username,account_status,profile,EXPIRY_DATE from dba_users where username = 'LHRSYS';

 

USERNAME                       ACCOUNT_STATUS                   PROFILE                        EXPIRY_DATE

------------------------------ -------------------------------- ------------------------------ -------------------

LHRSYS                         EXPIRED(GRACE)                   TESTPROFILE                    2016-12-10 14:39:54

 

LHRSYS@lhrdb>  alter user LHRSYS identified by lhr;

 

User altered.

 

LHRSYS@lhrdb> select username,account_status,profile,EXPIRY_DATE from dba_users where username = 'LHRSYS';

 

USERNAME                       ACCOUNT_STATUS                   PROFILE                        EXPIRY_DATE

------------------------------ -------------------------------- ------------------------------ -------------------

LHRSYS                         OPEN                             TESTPROFILE                    2016-12-12 14:40:46

 

LHRSYS@lhrdb>

 

四、 EXPIRED(GRACE) & LOCKED(TIMED)

EXPIRED(GRACE) & LOCKED(TIMED)状态表示用户在密码过期后的有效期内，失败登录次数超过PROFILE中的FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS的限制。

SYS@lhrdb>  select username,account_status,EXPIRY_DATE,lock_date from dba_users where username = 'LHRSYS';

 

USERNAME                       ACCOUNT_STATUS                   EXPIRY_DATE         LOCK_DATE

------------------------------ -------------------------------- ------------------- -------------------

LHRSYS                         OPEN                             2016-12-07 14:50:06

 

LHRSYS@lhrdb> select sysdate from dual;

 

SYSDATE

-------------------

2016-12-02 14:50:13

 

修改系统日期：

[root@orcltest ~]# date '12071450'

Wed Dec  7 14:50:00 CST 2016

[root@orcltest ~]#

查询：

LHRSYS@lhrdb> select sysdate from dual;

 

SYSDATE

-------------------

2016-12-07 14:50:03

 

LHRSYS@lhrdb> select sysdate from dual;

 

SYSDATE

-------------------

2016-12-07 14:50:12

 

SYS@lhrdb>  select username,account_status,EXPIRY_DATE,lock_date from dba_users where username = 'LHRSYS';

 

USERNAME                       ACCOUNT_STATUS                   EXPIRY_DATE         LOCK_DATE

------------------------------ -------------------------------- ------------------- -------------------

LHRSYS                         OPEN                             2016-12-07 14:50:06

 

LHRSYS@lhrdb> conn lhrsys/lhr

ERROR:

ORA-28002: the password will expire within 3 days

 

 

Connected.

SYS@lhrdb>  select username,account_status,EXPIRY_DATE,lock_date from dba_users where username = 'LHRSYS';

 

USERNAME                       ACCOUNT_STATUS                   EXPIRY_DATE         LOCK_DATE

------------------------------ -------------------------------- ------------------- -------------------

LHRSYS                         EXPIRED(GRACE)                   2016-12-10 14:50:21

 

LHRSYS@lhrdb> CONN  LHRSYS/XXXX@192.168.59.129/lhrdb

ERROR:

ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied

 

 

Warning: You are no longer connected to ORACLE.

@> CONN  LHRSYS/XXXX@192.168.59.129/lhrdb

ERROR:

ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied

 

 

@> CONN  LHRSYS/XXXX@192.168.59.129/lhrdb

ERROR:

ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied

 

 

@> CONN  LHRSYS/XXXX@192.168.59.129/lhrdb

ERROR:

ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied

 

 

@> CONN  LHRSYS/XXXX@192.168.59.129/lhrdb

ERROR:

ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied

 

 

@> CONN  LHRSYS/XXXX@192.168.59.129/lhrdb

ERROR:

ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied

 

 

@> CONN  LHRSYS/XXXX@192.168.59.129/lhrdb

ERROR:

ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied

 

 

@> CONN  LHRSYS/XXXX@192.168.59.129/lhrdb

ERROR:

ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied

 

 

@> CONN  LHRSYS/XXXX@192.168.59.129/lhrdb

 

ERROR:

ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied

 

 

@> @> CONN  LHRSYS/XXXX@192.168.59.129/lhrdb

ERROR:

ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied

 

 

@> CONN  LHRSYS/XXXX@192.168.59.129/lhrdb

ERROR:

ORA-28000: the account is locked

 

 

@> conn / as sysdba

Connected.

SYS@lhrdb> select username,account_status,EXPIRY_DATE,lock_date from dba_users where username = 'LHRSYS';

 

USERNAME                       ACCOUNT_STATUS                   EXPIRY_DATE         LOCK_DATE

------------------------------ -------------------------------- ------------------- -------------------

LHRSYS                         EXPIRED(GRACE) & LOCKED(TIMED)   2016-12-10 14:50:21 2016-12-07 14:53:30

 

 

SYS@lhrdb> alter user lhrsys account unlock;

 

User altered.

 

SYS@lhrdb> select username,account_status,profile,EXPIRY_DATE from dba_users where username = 'LHRSYS';

 

USERNAME                       ACCOUNT_STATUS                   PROFILE                        EXPIRY_DATE

------------------------------ -------------------------------- ------------------------------ -------------------

LHRSYS                         EXPIRED(GRACE)                   TESTPROFILE                    2016-12-10 14:50:21

 

SYS@lhrdb>  alter user LHRSYS identified by lhr;

 

User altered.

 

SYS@lhrdb> select username,account_status,profile,EXPIRY_DATE from dba_users where username = 'LHRSYS';

 

USERNAME                       ACCOUNT_STATUS                   PROFILE                        EXPIRY_DATE

------------------------------ -------------------------------- ------------------------------ -------------------

LHRSYS                         OPEN                             TESTPROFILE                    2016-12-12 14:55:04

 

 

 

1.3.3  在不知道用户密码的情况下如何更改密码

在Oracle中，若用户的密码变为锁定状态（LOCKED、LOCKED(TIMED)）则DBA直接执行ALTER USER用户名 ACCOUNT UNLOCK就可以解锁了。但是，如果用户的状态变成过期状态（EXPIRED、EXPIRED(GRACE)），则DBA必须要更改用户的密码账户才能重新使用。但有些时候，因为各种原因并不知道原密码的明文是什么，这时候可以有如下2种办法来更新密码。

1.3.3.1  用原密码的密文来更改密码

在Oracle 10g中，DBA_USERS视图的PASSWORD字段提供了密码的密文形式，而在Oracle 11g中，该字段被弃用了，内容为空，但是在基表USER$中的PASSWORD字段依然有记录密文形式，所以可以通过如下的形式来获取密码的密文形式：

SELECT D.USERNAME,

       D.ACCOUNT_STATUS,

       D.LOCK_DATE,

       D.EXPIRY_DATE,

       D.PROFILE,

       NVL(D.PASSWORD,

           (SELECT NB.PASSWORD FROM USER$ NB WHERE NB.NAME = D.USERNAME)) PASSWORD

  FROM DBA_USERS D

 WHERE D.USERNAME = 'LHRSYS';

wpsDDD6.tmp 

另外，可以通过DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL包或者expdp、exp命令来获取创建用户的语句从而获取密码的密文形式：

SYS@lhrdb> set long 9999

SYS@lhrdb> SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('USER', 'LHRSYS') DDL_SQL FROM DUAL;

 

DDL_SQL

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 

   CREATE USER "LHRSYS" IDENTIFIED BY VALUES 'S:853EA80BAE11F79D6946453F38059E30313FE84C96AE2EE4F3AA35A648BD;F809740420A44EFC'

      DEFAULT TABLESPACE "USERS"

      TEMPORARY TABLESPACE "TEMP"

 

 

SYS@lhrdb>

SYS@lhrdb>

 

 

获取了密码的密文后就可以用如下的命令来修改了，注意：使用密文的命令中多了一个values关键字：

SYS@lhrdb>

SYS@lhrdb> alter user LHRSYS identified by values 'F809740420A44EFC';

 

User altered.

 

SYS@lhrdb> CONN  LHRSYS/lhr@192.168.59.129/lhrdb

Connected.

LHRSYS@192.168.59.129/lhrdb> conn / as sysdba

Connected.

SYS@lhrdb> alter user LHRSYS identified by values 'S:853EA80BAE11F79D6946453F38059E30313FE84C96AE2EE4F3AA35A648BD;F809740420A44EFC';

 

User altered.

 

SYS@lhrdb> CONN  LHRSYS/lhr@192.168.59.129/lhrdb

Connected.

LHRSYS@192.168.59.129/lhrdb>

 

 

这种情况下，虽然我们不知道原密码是什么，但可以用它的密文来更改密码，这样，在不知道原密码的情况下，既保持了密码不改变，又可以把expired的状态更改掉。

在MOS The Impact of PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME Database Profile Parameter Default to 180 Days on Network Charging and Control (文档 ID 1543668.1)中搜到了如下的命令也可以直接获取密码：

SELECT SQLTEXT

  FROM (SELECT NAME,

               'alter user ' || NAME || ' identified by values ''' ||

               PASSWORD || ''';' SQLTEXT

          FROM USER$

         WHERE SPARE4 IS NULL

           AND PASSWORD IS NOT NULL

        UNION

        SELECT NAME,

               'alter user ' || NAME || ' identified by values ''' || SPARE4 || ';' ||

               PASSWORD || ''';' SQLTEXT

          FROM USER$

         WHERE SPARE4 IS NOT NULL

           AND PASSWORD IS NOT NULL)

 WHERE NAME = 'LHRSYS';

SYS@lhrdb> SELECT SQLTEXT

  2    FROM (SELECT NAME,

  3                 'alter user ' || NAME || ' identified by values ''' ||

  4                 PASSWORD || ''';' SQLTEXT

  5            FROM USER$

  6           WHERE SPARE4 IS NULL

  7             AND PASSWORD IS NOT NULL

  8          UNION

  9          SELECT NAME,

10                 'alter user ' || NAME || ' identified by values ''' || SPARE4 || ';' ||

11                 PASSWORD || ''';' SQLTEXT

12            FROM USER$

13           WHERE SPARE4 IS NOT NULL

14             AND PASSWORD IS NOT NULL)

15   WHERE NAME = 'LHRSYS';

 

SQLTEXT

------------------------------------------

alter user LHRSYS identified by values 'S:853EA80BAE11F79D6946453F38059E30313FE84C96AE2EE4F3AA35A648BD;F809740420A44EFC';

 

 

1.3.3.2  直接更新USER$基表

不管用户的状态是什么，通过更新USER$表可以让用户处于OPEN状态：

SYS@lhrdb> select username, account_status,EXPIRY_DATE,lock_date from dba_users where username = 'LHRSYS';

 

USERNAME                       ACCOUNT_STATUS                   EXPIRY_DATE         LOCK_DATE

------------------------------ -------------------------------- ------------------- -------------------

LHRSYS                         EXPIRED                          2016-12-02 10:40:09

 

SYS@lhrdb> UPDATE USER$ SET ASTATUS=0 WHERE NAME='LHRSYS';

 

1 row updated.

 

SYS@lhrdb> commit;<<<<<<<<<------及时提交

 

Commit complete.

 

SYS@lhrdb> select username, account_status,EXPIRY_DATE,lock_date from dba_users where username = 'LHRSYS';

 

USERNAME                       ACCOUNT_STATUS                   EXPIRY_DATE         LOCK_DATE

------------------------------ -------------------------------- ------------------- -------------------

LHRSYS                         OPEN

 

SYS@lhrdb>

 

 

1.3.4  user$.lCOUNT列记录了失败的登陆次数

登录失败，lcount加1；只要成功登录后，lcount栏位就会置0。

SYS@lhrdb> select NAME,LCOUNT  from user$ a WHERE a.NAME='LHRSYS';

 

NAME                               LCOUNT

------------------------------ ----------

LHRSYS                                  0

 

SYS@lhrdb> CONN  LHRSYS/XXXX@192.168.59.129/lhrdb

ERROR:

ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied

 

 

Warning: You are no longer connected to ORACLE.

@> CONN  LHRSYS/XXXX@192.168.59.129/lhrdb

ERROR:

ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied

 

 

@> conn / as sysdba

Connected.

SYS@lhrdb> select NAME,LCOUNT  from user$ a WHERE a.NAME='LHRSYS';

 

NAME                               LCOUNT

------------------------------ ----------

LHRSYS                                  2

 

SYS@lhrdb>

SYS@lhrdb> CONN  LHRSYS/lhr

Connected.

LHRSYS@lhrdb> conn / as sysdba

Connected.

SYS@lhrdb> select NAME,LCOUNT  from user$ a WHERE a.NAME='LHRSYS';

 

NAME                               LCOUNT

------------------------------ ----------

LHRSYS                                  0

 

SYS@lhrdb>

 

 

另外，审计表也记录了登陆失败的信息：

SELECT d.username,d.timestamp,d.action_name,d.os_username,d.terminal

  FROM DBA_AUDIT_TRAIL D

 WHERE D.RETURNCODE = 1017

   AND D.USERNAME = 'LHRSYS'

 ORDER BY d.timestamp DESC ;

wpsDDD7.tmp 

 

1.3.5  11g密码区分大小写--sec_case_sensitive_logon

Property

Description

Parameter type

Boolean

Default value

true

Modifiable

ALTER SYSTEM

Range of values

true | false

Basic

No

从Oracle 11g开始，密码区分大小写，采用参数sec_case_sensitive_logon控制，该参数默认为TRUE。

 

SEC_CASE_SENSITIVE_LOGON enables or disables password case sensitivity in the database.

Values:

true：Database logon passwords are case sensitive.

false：Database logon passwords are not case sensitive.

 

1.3.6  密码延迟验证

从11g开始，如果一个用户使用不正确的密码尝试登录数据库，那么随着登录失败次数的增加，每次登录验证前延迟等待的时间也会增加。

 

通过设置EVENTS 28401可以屏蔽密码延迟验证：

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET EVENT = '28401 TRACE NAME CONTEXT FOREVER, LEVEL 1' SCOPE = SPFILE；

 

设置该事件后重启数据库即可。

[oracle@orcltest ~]$ oerr ora 28401

28401, 00000, "Event to disable delay after three failed login attempts"

// *Document: NO

// *Cause: N/A

// *Action: Set this event in your environment to disable the login delay

//          which will otherwise take place after three failed login attempts.

// *Note: THIS IS NOT A USER ERROR NUMBER/MESSAGE. THIS DOES NOT NEED TO BE

//        TRANSLATED OR DOCUMENTED.

[oracle@orcltest ~]$

 

 

1.3.7  哪些用户密码没有被修改过

Oracle在11g中对于安全方面进行了很大的改进，比如增加了密码大小写验证，增加了密码复杂度的验证等等。在Oracle 11g中还提供了一个视图DBA_USERS_WITH_DEFPWD用来指出那些用户的密码没有被修改过，仍然是数据库默认密码。Oracle并不是简单的监测是否密码被修改，而是检查密码是否修改为别的值，如果新密码和旧密码保持一致，那么即使密码被修改，这个用户仍然在DBA_USERS_WITH_DEFPWD视图中。

SELECT * FROM DBA_USERS_WITH_DEFPWD;

wpsDDD8.tmp 

 

1.3.8  密码复杂性校验

脚本位置：$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/utlpwdmg.sql

wpsDDD9.tmp

[oracle@orcltest ~]$ ll $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/utlpwdmg.sql

-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 11555 Aug 13  2006 /u02/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/admin/utlpwdmg.sql

[oracle@orcltest ~]$

 

SYS@lhrdb> @?/rdbms/admin/utlpwdmg.sql

 

Function created.

 

 

Profile altered.

 

 

Function created.

 

SYS@lhrdb>

 

 

该脚本中有如下的一段：

ALTER PROFILE DEFAULT LIMIT

PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME 180

PASSWORD_GRACE_TIME 7

PASSWORD_REUSE_TIME UNLIMITED

PASSWORD_REUSE_MAX UNLIMITED

FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS 10

PASSWORD_LOCK_TIME 1

PASSWORD_VERIFY_FUNCTION verify_function_11G;

 

更改之后查看：

SYS@lhrdb> SELECT * FROM Dba_Profiles d WHERE d.profile='DEFAULT';

 

PROFILE                        RESOURCE_NAME                    RESOURCE LIMIT

------------------------------ -------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------------------

DEFAULT                        COMPOSITE_LIMIT                  KERNEL   UNLIMITED

DEFAULT                        SESSIONS_PER_USER                KERNEL   UNLIMITED

DEFAULT                        CPU_PER_SESSION                  KERNEL   UNLIMITED

DEFAULT                        CPU_PER_CALL                     KERNEL   UNLIMITED

DEFAULT                        LOGICAL_READS_PER_SESSION        KERNEL   UNLIMITED

DEFAULT                        LOGICAL_READS_PER_CALL           KERNEL   UNLIMITED

DEFAULT                        IDLE_TIME                        KERNEL   UNLIMITED

DEFAULT                        CONNECT_TIME                     KERNEL   UNLIMITED

DEFAULT                        PRIVATE_SGA                      KERNEL   UNLIMITED

DEFAULT                        FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS            PASSWORD 10

DEFAULT                        PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME               PASSWORD 180

DEFAULT                        PASSWORD_REUSE_TIME              PASSWORD UNLIMITED

DEFAULT                        PASSWORD_REUSE_MAX               PASSWORD UNLIMITED

DEFAULT                        PASSWORD_VERIFY_FUNCTION         PASSWORD VERIFY_FUNCTION_11G

DEFAULT                        PASSWORD_LOCK_TIME               PASSWORD 1

DEFAULT                        PASSWORD_GRACE_TIME              PASSWORD 7

 

16 rows selected.

 

SYS@lhrdb> create user lhrpwd identified by lhr;

create user lhrpwd identified by lhr

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-28003: password verification for the specified password failed

ORA-20001: Password length less than 8

 

 

SYS@lhrdb>

SYS@lhrdb> alter profile default limit PASSWORD_VERIFY_FUNCTION null;<<<<<<<<<------取消复杂性验证

 

Profile altered.

 

SYS@lhrdb> create user lhrpwd identified by lhr;

 

User created.

 

SYS@lhrdb> alter profile default limit PASSWORD_VERIFY_FUNCTION VERIFY_FUNCTION_11G;<<<<<<<------启用密码复杂性验证

 

Profile altered.

 

SYS@lhrdb>

 

 

 

1.3.9  resource_limit

官方文档资料：

To create a profile, you must have the CREATE PROFILE system privilege.

To specify resource limits for a user, you must:

?Enable resource limits dynamically with the ALTER SYSTEM statement or with the initialization parameter RESOURCE_LIMIT. This parameter does not apply to password resources. Password resources are always enabled.

?Create a profile that defines the limits using the CREATE PROFILE statement

?Assign the profile to the user using the CREATE USER or ALTER USER statement

 

1）用户所有拥有的PROFILE中有关密码的限制永远生效，不受限制。 
2）用户所有拥有的PROFILE中有关资源的限制与resource_limit参数的设置有关，当为TRUE时生效，当为FALSE时（默认值是FALSE）无效。



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