数据库集群及mysql高可用

本文主要是介绍数据库集群及mysql高可用，对大家解决编程问题具有一定的参考价值，需要的程序猿们随着小编来一起学习吧！

数据库集群
DBA
关闭nginx
开启数据库

主从一致

无损模式
AFTR——SYNC

生产环境半同步开关需更大，保证无损

server1:
ps aux ##查看进程，有其他服务关闭
systemctl disable --now nginx

/etc/init.d/mysqld start
##启动数据库

mysql -pwestos

show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000004 |      154 |              |                  |                   |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

show processlist;

INSTALL PLUGIN rpl_semi_sync_master SONAME ‘semisync_master.so’;

SELECT PLUGIN_NAME,PLUGIN_STATUS FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.PLUGINS WHERE PLUGIN_NAME LIKE ‘%semi%’;
SET GLOBAL rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled = 1;
show variables like ‘rpl%’;

server2，server3：
ps aux
/etc/init.d/mysqld start

mysql -pwestos
show Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

有一个不是yes
Last_IO_Error: Fatal error: The slave I/O thread stops because master and slave have equal MySQL server ids; these ids must be different for replication to work (or the --replicate-same-server-id option must be used on slave but this does not always make sense; please check the manual before using it).
查看错误
修改/etc/init.d/mysqld restart
后

slave status\G;
INSTALL PLUGIN rpl_semi_sync_slave SONAME ‘semisync_slave.so’;

SELECT PLUGIN_NAME,PLUGIN_STATUS FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.PLUGINS WHERE PLUGIN_NAME LIKE ‘%semi%’;

SET GLOBAL rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled = 1;
show variables like ‘rpl%’;
show status like ‘rpl%’;

SET GLOBAL rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled =1;
STOP SLAVE IO_THREAD;
START SLAVE IO_THREAD;
show status like ‘rpl%’;

test：
server1：
use lxq
insert user_tb values (‘user4’,‘123’);

server2，3：
use lxq
select * from lxq.user_tb;
可查看数据

server2：
STOP SLAVE IO_THREAD;

server1：
insert user_tb values (‘user5’,‘123’);
正常执行无反应

需要保证每个主机都同步
server1：
set global rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_for_slave_count=2;

insert user_tb values (‘user7’,‘123’);
##有延迟

server2：
select * from lxq.user_tb;
查看不到

server3：
select * from lxq.user_tb;
可查看

热启用：
server2:
START SLAVE IO_THREAD;
show processlist;

STOP SLAVE SQL_THREAD;
set global slave_parallel_type=LOGICAL_CLOCK;
START SLAVE SQL_THREAD;

show variables like ‘master_info%’;

stop slave;
set global master_info_repository = ‘TABLE’;

show variables like ‘relay_%’;
set global relay_log_info_repository=‘TABLE’;
START slave;

set global slave_parallel_workers=16;

cd /usr/local/mysql/data
ls
mysql -pwestos

server3：

主配置文件
vim /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
socket=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock
symbolic-links=0
log-bin=mysql-bin
server-id=3
gtid_mode=ON
enforce-gtid-consistency=ON

slave-parallel-type=LOGICAL_CLOCK
slave-parallel-workers=16
relay_log_info_repository=TABLE
relay_log_recovery=ON
master_info_repository=TABLE

/etc/init.d/mysqld restart

mysql -pwestos
STOP SLAVE SQL_THREAD
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_DELAY=30;
START SLAVE SQL_THREAD

set global rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled=1;

stop slave;
start slave;
show variables like ‘rpl%’;

test：
server1：
use lxq
insert into user_tb values (‘user7’,‘777’);

set global slow_query_log=ON;
show variables like ‘%slow%’;

show variables like ‘long%’;

server2，3：
select * from lxq.user_tb;

组复制：
server2,3;
/etc/init.d/mysqld stop ##关闭服务
cd /usr/local/mysql/data
ls
rm -rf * ##删除数据

vim /etc/my.cnf ##编辑主配置文件

[mysqld]
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
socket=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock
symbolic-links=0
disabled_storage_engines="MylSAM,BLACKHOLE,FEDERATED,ARCHIVE,MEMORY"
server_id=3
gtid_mode=ON
enforce_gtid_consistency=ON
master_info_repository=TABLE
relay_log_info_repository=TABLE
binlog_checksum=NONE
log_slave_updates=ON
log_bin=binlog
binlog_format=ROW

plugin_load_add='group_replication.so'
transaction_write_set_extraction=XXHASH64
group_replication_group_name="aaaaaaaa-aaaa-aaaa-aaaa-aaaaaaaaaaaa"
group_replication_start_on_boot=off
group_replication_local_address="172.25.9.3:33061"
group_replication_group_seeds="172.25.9.1:33061,172.25.9.2:33061,172.25.9.3:33061"
group_replication_bootstrap_group=off
group_replication_ip_whitelist="172.25.9.0/24,127.0.0.1/8"
group_replication_single_primary_mode=OFF
group_replication_enforce_update_everywhere_checks=ON
group_replication_allow_local_disjoint_gtids_join=ON

mysqld --initialize --user=mysql

/etc/init.d/mysqld start
mysql -p
alter user root@localhost identified by ‘westos’;

SET SQL_LOG_BIN=0;
CREATE USER rpl_user@’%’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘westos’;
GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON . TO rpl_user@’%’;

SET SQL_LOG_BIN=1;

FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_USER=‘rpl_user’,MASTER_PASSWORD=‘westos’ FOR CHANNEL ‘group_replication_recovery’;

SET GLOBAL group_replication_bootstrap_group=ON;
START GROUP_REPLICATION;
SET GLOBAL group_replication_bootstrap_group=OFF;

SELECT * FROM performance_schema.replication_group_members;

server2,3;
/etc/init.d/mysqld stop ##关闭服务

cd /usr/local/mysql/data
ls
rm -rf * ##删除数据

vim /etc/my.cnf ##编辑主配置文件

[mysqld]
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
socket=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock
symbolic-links=0
disabled_storage_engines="MylSAM,BLACKHOLE,FEDERATED,ARCHIVE,MEMORY"
server_id=3
gtid_mode=ON
enforce_gtid_consistency=ON
master_info_repository=TABLE
relay_log_info_repository=TABLE
binlog_checksum=NONE
log_slave_updates=ON
log_bin=binlog
binlog_format=ROW

plugin_load_add='group_replication.so'
transaction_write_set_extraction=XXHASH64
group_replication_group_name="aaaaaaaa-aaaa-aaaa-aaaa-aaaaaaaaaaaa"
group_replication_start_on_boot=off
group_replication_local_address="172.25.9.3:33061"
group_replication_group_seeds="172.25.9.1:33061,172.25.9.2:33061,172.25.9.3:33061"
group_replication_bootstrap_group=off
group_replication_ip_whitelist="172.25.9.0/24,127.0.0.1/8"
group_replication_single_primary_mode=OFF
group_replication_enforce_update_everywhere_checks=ON
group_replication_allow_local_disjoint_gtids_join=ON

mysqld --initialize --user=mysql
/etc/init.d/mysqld start

mysql -p
alter user root@localhost identified by ‘westos’;
SET SQL_LOG_BIN=0;
CREATE USER rpl_user@’%’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘westos’;
GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON . TO rpl_user@’%’;
SET SQL_LOG_BIN=1;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_USER=‘rpl_user’,MASTER_PASSWORD=‘westos’ FOR CHANNEL ‘group_replication_recovery’;
START GROUP_REPLICATION;
SELECT * FROM performance_schema.replication_group_members;

开启虚拟机四
server4:
rpm -ivh mysql-router-community-8.0.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

cd /etc/mysqlrouter/
vim mysqlrouter.conf

[routing:ro]
bind_address=0.0.0.0
bind_port=7001
destinations=172.25.9.1:3306,172.25.9.2:3306,172.25.9.3:3306
routing_strategy=round-robin

[routing:rw]
bind_address=0.0.0.0
bind_port=7002
destinations=172.25.9.1:3306,172.25.9.2:3306,172.25.9.3:3306
routing_strategy=first-available

systemctl start mysqlrouter.service

netstat -antlp

server1,2,3:
yum install lsof -y
lsof -i :3306

server1:
mysql -pwestos
create database test;
use test;
insert into t1 values (1,‘luis’);
select * from t1;
grant insert.update on test.* to user2@’%’ identified by ‘westos’;
flush privileges;
SELECT * FROM performance_schema.replication_group_members;

主机：
mysql -h 172.25.9.4 -P 7001 -u user1 -p
select * from test.t1;

server1，2，3：
yum install lsof

lsof -i :3306
##查看此服务由哪个主机提供

mysql -h 172.25.9.4 -P 7001 -u user2 -p
use test
insert into t1 values (2,‘lxq’);
select * from test.t1; ##user2不可以使用此权限

server3：
STOP GROUP_REPLICATION;
server2：
SELECT * FROM performance_schema.replication_group_members;

+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+--------------+
| CHANNEL_NAME              | MEMBER_ID                            | MEMBER_HOST | MEMBER_PORT | MEMBER_STATE |
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+--------------+
| group_replication_applier | 453bd81d-9c17-11eb-b6be-525400ffe223 | server1     |        3306 | ONLINE       |
| group_replication_applier | b2330a0f-9c21-11eb-a1f6-525400b81b72 | server2     |        3306 | ONLINE       |
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+--------------+

主机：
show databases;

ERROR 2013 (HY000): Lost connection to MySQL server during query

MySQL [test]> show databases;

ERROR 2006 (HY000): MySQL server has gone away
No connection. Trying to reconnect...
Connection id:    44
Current database: test

+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| test               |
+--------------------+

数据库高可用
节点有限：9个

MHA高可用（老，稳定，与mysql主从复制相似）
MHA集群架构
（二进制日志，重点）

数据库专属集群套件
无中心化，架构重量级，不够轻量，太过复杂

一主两从 架构还原

manage节点对所有节点免密
节点间也需要免密

检测必须通过
server4：

server1:
/etc/init.d/mysqld stop
cd /usr/local/mysql/data/
ls
rm -rf *

vim /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
socket=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock
symbolic-links=0

server_id=1
gtid_mode=ON
enforce_gtid_consistency=ON
master_info_repository=TABLE
relay_log_info_repository=TABLE
log_slave_updates=ON
log_bin=binlog
binlog_format=ROW

mysqld --initialize --user=mysql

/etc/init.d/mysqld start

mysql -p
alter user root@localhost identified by ‘westos’;

show master status;

grant replication slave on . to repl@’%’ identified by ‘westos’;

cd
yum install mha4mysql-node-0.58-0.el7.centos.noarch.rpm

server2,3:
/etc/init.d/mysqld stop

vim /etc/my.cnf

rm -rf *
ls
mysql --initialize --user=mysql

/etc/init.d/mysqld start

mysql -p
alter user root@localhost identified by ‘westos’;
change master to master_host=‘172.25.9.1’,master_user=‘repl’,master_password=‘westos’,master_auto_position=1;
start slave;
show slave status\G;

cd
yum install mha4mysql-node-0.58-0.el7.centos.noarch.rpm -y

server4:
systemctl stop mysqlrouter.service

cd MHA-7/

yum install *.rpm -y

scp mha4mysql-node-0.58-0.el7.centos.noarch.rpm server1:
scp mha4mysql-node-0.58-0.el7.centos.noarch.rpm server3:
scp mha4mysql-node-0.58-0.el7.centos.noarch.rpm server2:

ssh-keygen
ssh-copy-id server1
ssh-copy-id server2
ssh-copy-id server3
scp -r .ssh/ server2:
scp -r .ssh/ server3:
scp -r .ssh/ server1:

server4：
tar zxf mha4mysql-manager-0.58.tar.gz

cd mha4mysql-manager-0.58

ls
cd samples/
ls
cd conf/
mkdir /etc/masterha
cat app1.cnf masterha_default.cnf > /etc/masterha/app.cnf

cd /etc/masterha/
ls
vim app.cnf

[server default]
user=root
password=westos
ssh_user=root
repl_user=repl
repl_password=westos
master_binlog_dir=/usr/local/mysql/data
remote_workdir=/tmp
secondary_check_script=masterha_secondary_check -s 172.25.9.3 -s 172.25.9.250
ping_interval=3
master_ip_online_change_script=/script/masterha/master_ip_online_change
manager_workdir=/etc/masterha/app1
manager_log=/etc/masterha/app1/manager.log

[server1]
hostname=172.25.9.1
candidate_master=1

[server2]
hostname=172.25.9.2
candidate_master=1

[server3]
hostname=172.25.9.3
no_master=1

# master_ip_failover_script= /script/masterha/master_ip_failover
# shutdown_script= /script/masterha/power_manager
# report_script= /script/masterha/send_report
# master_ip_online_change_script= /script/masterha/master_ip_online_change

[root@server4 masterha]#

masterha_check_ssh --conf=/etc/masterha/app.cnf
##免密检查

grant all on . to root@’%’ identified by ‘westos’

masterha_check_repl --conf=/etc/masterha/app.cnf
##健康检查

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