【DB笔试面试598】在Oracle中,如何得到真实的执行计划?
2021/4/16 2:31:01
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♣题目 部分
在Oracle中,如何得到真实的执行计划?
♣答案部分
在Oracle数据库中判断得到的执行计划是否准确,就是看目标SQL是否被真正执行过,真正执行过的SQL所对应的执行计划就是准确的,反之则有可能不准,因此,通过10046事件及如下的几种方式得到的执行计划是最准确的,而从其它方式获取到的执行计划都有可能不准确。
1SELECT * FROM TABLE(DBMS_XPLAN.DISPLAY_CURSOR(NULL, NULL, 'ADVANCED ALLSTATS'));2SELECT * FROM TABLE(DBMS_XPLAN.DISPLAY_CURSOR('sql_id/hash_value',CHILD_CURSOR_NUMBER, 'ADVANCED ALLSTATS'));3SELECT * FROM TABLE(DBMS_XPLAN.DISPLAY_AWR('sql_id'));SELECT * FROM TABLE(DBMS_XPLAN.DISPLAY_CURSOR(NULL, NULL, 'ADVANCED ALLSTATS')); 2SELECT * FROM TABLE(DBMS_XPLAN.DISPLAY_CURSOR('sql_id/hash_value',CHILD_CURSOR_NUMBER, 'ADVANCED ALLSTATS')); 3SELECT * FROM TABLE(DBMS_XPLAN.DISPLAY_AWR('sql_id'));
这里需要注意的是,虽然SQL*Plus的AUTOTRACE功能有部分是真实执行了SQL语句的(例如所有DML语句),但是,由于该命令所显示的执行计划来源于调用EXPLAIN PLAN命令,所以,其得到的执行计划依然可能不准确(特别是在使用了绑定变量的情况下)。那么,为什么EXPLAIN PLAN命令里显示的预估执行计划与该SQL真实的执行计划不一样呢?原因有多个方面,常见的情况包括以下几个方面:
① 绑定变量窥视(Bind Peeking):EXPLAIN PLAN里不会进行绑定变量窥视,但是Runtime Plan里会进行绑定变量窥视,所以,如果发生这种情况,那么会使这两个执行计划产生差异。
② 隐式转换:Explain Plan里不会考虑绑定变量的类型,但是Runtime Plan里会考虑类型,从而有可能会根据绑定变量的类型出现隐式转换,所以谓词(Predicate)会发生变化,使得执行计划也会产生差异。
③ 优化器参数:执行Explain Plan的Session与Runtime Plan的Session不是同一个。如果各个Session之间存在优化器参数差异,那么执行计划也会产生差异。
④ 统计信息收集参数:Explain Plan始终是用最新的统计信息产生执行计划,但是,Runtime Plan不一定会用最新的统计信息。因此也会产生执行计划差异。在收集统计信息时,一个与缓存的游标是否失效的很重要的参数为NO_INVALIDATE。在重新收集统计信息时,可以指定NO_INVALIDATE选项。该选项有TRUE、FALSE和DBMS_STATS.AUTO_INVALIDATE这3个值。如果取值为TRUE,那么表示收集统计信息后不进行游标失效动作,原有的Shared Cursor保持原有状态。如果取值为FALSE,那么表示将统计信息对象相关的所有Cursor全部失效,目标SQL语句在下次执行时就会使用硬解析。如果设置为AUTO_INVALIDATE,那么Oracle自己决定Shared Cursor失效动作,当SQL再次执行时间距离上次收集统计信息的时间超过5小时(隐含参数“_OPTIMIZER_INVALIDATION_PERIOD”决定)则对SQL重新做硬解析。AUTO_INVALIDATE为默认选项。有些DBA在收集统计信息时,没有使用NO_INVALIDATE=>FALSE选项,所以,即使收集了统计信息,执行计划也不会立即改变。可以在表级别设置让所有依赖于该表的游标不失效,设置方法为:
1EXEC DBMS_STATS.SET_TABLE_PREFS('SH','SALES','NO_INVALIDATE','TRUE');--在收集SH.SALES表上的统计信息时,让所有依赖于该表的游标不失效--在收集SH.SALES表上的统计信息时,让所有依赖于该表的游标不失效
实验一:
1CREATE TABLE TEST_EXPLAIN_LHR AS SELECT * FROM DBA_OBJECTS; 2INSERT INTO TEST_EXPLAIN_LHR SELECT * FROM TEST_EXPLAIN_LHR; 3COMMIT; 4SELECT COUNT(*) FROM TEST_EXPLAIN_LHR; 5 6CREATE INDEX IDX_OBJ_LHR ON TEST_EXPLAIN_LHR(OBJECT_ID); 7EXEC DBMS_STATS.GATHER_TABLE_STATS(USER,'test_explain_lhr',ESTIMATE_PERCENT => 100,CASCADE => TRUE); 8 9VAR X NUMBER;10VAR Y NUMBER;11EXEC :X := 0;12EXEC :Y := 100000;1314EXPLAIN PLAN FOR SELECT COUNT(*) FROM TEST_EXPLAIN_LHR T WHERE T.OBJECT_ID BETWEEN :X AND :Y ;1516SELECT * FROM TABLE(DBMS_XPLAN.DISPLAY);171819SET AUTOT ON20SELECT COUNT(*) FROM TEST_EXPLAIN_LHR T WHERE T.OBJECT_ID BETWEEN :X AND :Y ;2122SET AUTOT OFF23SELECT COUNT(*) FROM TEST_EXPLAIN_LHR T WHERE T.OBJECT_ID BETWEEN :X AND :Y ;24SELECT * FROM TABLE(DBMS_XPLAN.DISPLAY_CURSOR(NULL,NULL,'advanced'));CREATE TABLE TEST_EXPLAIN_LHR AS SELECT * FROM DBA_OBJECTS; 2INSERT INTO TEST_EXPLAIN_LHR SELECT * FROM TEST_EXPLAIN_LHR; 3COMMIT; 4SELECT COUNT(*) FROM TEST_EXPLAIN_LHR; 6CREATE INDEX IDX_OBJ_LHR ON TEST_EXPLAIN_LHR(OBJECT_ID); 7EXEC DBMS_STATS.GATHER_TABLE_STATS(USER,'test_explain_lhr',ESTIMATE_PERCENT => 100,CASCADE => TRUE); 9VAR X NUMBER; 10VAR Y NUMBER; 11EXEC :X := 0; 12EXEC :Y := 100000; 14EXPLAIN PLAN FOR SELECT COUNT(*) FROM TEST_EXPLAIN_LHR T WHERE T.OBJECT_ID BETWEEN :X AND :Y ; 16SELECT * FROM TABLE(DBMS_XPLAN.DISPLAY); 19SET AUTOT ON 20SELECT COUNT(*) FROM TEST_EXPLAIN_LHR T WHERE T.OBJECT_ID BETWEEN :X AND :Y ; 22SET AUTOT OFF 23SELECT COUNT(*) FROM TEST_EXPLAIN_LHR T WHERE T.OBJECT_ID BETWEEN :X AND :Y ; 24SELECT * FROM TABLE(DBMS_XPLAN.DISPLAY_CURSOR(NULL,NULL,'advanced'));
下面实验验证了使用EXPLAIN PLAN FOR和SET AUTOT ON方式获取到的执行计划都是不准确的:
1SYS@PROD1> clear scr 2SYS@PROD1> CREATE TABLE test_explain_lhr AS SELECT * FROM Dba_Objects; 3 4Table created. 5 6SYS@PROD1> INSERT INTO test_explain_lhr SELECT * FROM test_explain_lhr; 7 872503 rows created. 9 10SYS@PROD1> COMMIT; 11 12Commit complete. 13 14SYS@PROD1> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM test_explain_lhr; 15 16 COUNT(*) 17---------- 18 145006 19 20SYS@PROD1> CREATE INDEX idx_obj_lhr ON test_explain_lhr(object_id); 21 22Index created. 23 24SYS@PROD1> EXEC dbms_stats.gather_table_stats(USER,'test_explain_lhr',estimate_percent => 100,cascade => TRUE); 25 26PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. 27 28SYS@PROD1> VAR x NUMBER; 29SYS@PROD1> VAR y NUMBER; 30SYS@PROD1> EXEC :x := 0; 31 32PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. 33 34SYS@PROD1> EXEC :y := 100000; 35 36PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. 37 38SYS@PROD1> EXPLAIN PLAN FOR SELECT COUNT(*) FROM test_explain_lhr t WHERE t.object_id BETWEEN :x AND :y ; 39 40Explained. 41 42 43SYS@PROD1> set line 9999 44SYS@PROD1> SELECT * FROM TABLE(dbms_xplan.display); 45 46PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT 47--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 48Plan hash value: 3299589416 49 50---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 51| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time | 52---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 53| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | 5 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 | 54| 1 | SORT AGGREGATE | | 1 | 5 | | | 55|* 2 | FILTER | | | | | | 56|* 3 | INDEX RANGE SCAN| IDX_OBJ_LHR | 363 | 1815 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 | 57---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 58 59Predicate Information (identified by operation id): 60--------------------------------------------------- 61 62 2 - filter(TO_NUMBER(:X)<=TO_NUMBER(:Y)) 63 3 - access("T"."OBJECT_ID">=TO_NUMBER(:X) AND 64 "T"."OBJECT_ID"<=TO_NUMBER(:Y)) 65 6617 rows selected. 67 68SYS@PROD1> set autot on 69SYS@PROD1> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM test_explain_lhr t WHERE t.object_id BETWEEN :x AND :y ; 70 71 COUNT(*) 72---------- 73 145006 74 75 76Execution Plan 77---------------------------------------------------------- 78Plan hash value: 3299589416 79 80---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 81| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time | 82---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 83| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | 5 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 | 84| 1 | SORT AGGREGATE | | 1 | 5 | | | 85|* 2 | FILTER | | | | | | 86|* 3 | INDEX RANGE SCAN| IDX_OBJ_LHR | 363 | 1815 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 | 87---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 88 89Predicate Information (identified by operation id): 90--------------------------------------------------- 91 92 2 - filter(TO_NUMBER(:X)<=TO_NUMBER(:Y)) 93 3 - access("T"."OBJECT_ID">=TO_NUMBER(:X) AND 94 "T"."OBJECT_ID"<=TO_NUMBER(:Y)) 95 96 97Statistics 98---------------------------------------------------------- 99 1 recursive calls100 0 db block gets101 329 consistent gets102 0 physical reads103 0 redo size104 424 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client105 419 bytes received via SQL*Net from client106 2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client107 0 sorts (memory)108 0 sorts (disk)109 1 rows processed110111SYS@PROD1> SET AUTOT OFF112SYS@PROD1> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM test_explain_lhr t WHERE t.object_id BETWEEN :x AND :y ;113114 COUNT(*)115----------116 145006117118SYS@PROD1> SELECT * FROM TABLE(dbms_xplan.display_cursor(NULL,NULL,'advanced'));119120PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT121----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------122SQL_ID 1r87sg98rdkuf, child number 0123-------------------------------------124SELECT COUNT(*) FROM test_explain_lhr t WHERE t.object_id BETWEEN :x125AND :y126127Plan hash value: 2428225634128129--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------130| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |131--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------132| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | | | 90 (100)| |133| 1 | SORT AGGREGATE | | 1 | 5 | | |134|* 2 | FILTER | | | | | |135|* 3 | INDEX FAST FULL SCAN| IDX_OBJ_LHR | 145K| 708K| 90 (2)| 00:00:02 |136--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------137138Query Block Name / Object Alias (identified by operation id):139-------------------------------------------------------------140141 1 - SEL$1142 3 - SEL$1 / T@SEL$1143144Outline Data145-------------146147 /*+148 BEGIN_OUTLINE_DATA149 IGNORE_OPTIM_EMBEDDED_HINTS150 OPTIMIZER_FEATURES_ENABLE('11.2.0.1')151 DB_VERSION('11.2.0.1')152 ALL_ROWS153 OUTLINE_LEAF(@"SEL$1")154 INDEX_FFS(@"SEL$1" "T"@"SEL$1" ("TEST_EXPLAIN_LHR"."OBJECT_ID"))155 END_OUTLINE_DATA156 */157158Peeked Binds (identified by position):159--------------------------------------160161 1 - :X (NUMBER): 0162 2 - :Y (NUMBER): 100000163164Predicate Information (identified by operation id):165---------------------------------------------------166167 2 - filter(:X<=:Y)168 3 - filter(("T"."OBJECT_ID">=:X AND "T"."OBJECT_ID"<=:Y))169170Column Projection Information (identified by operation id):171-----------------------------------------------------------172173 1 - (#keys=0) COUNT(*)[22]17417517653 rows selected. 2SYS@PROD1> CREATE TABLE test_explain_lhr AS SELECT * FROM Dba_Objects; 4Table created. 6SYS@PROD1> INSERT INTO test_explain_lhr SELECT * FROM test_explain_lhr; rows created. 10SYS@PROD1> COMMIT; 12Commit complete. 14SYS@PROD1> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM test_explain_lhr; COUNT(*) 17---------- 20SYS@PROD1> CREATE INDEX idx_obj_lhr ON test_explain_lhr(object_id); 22Index created. 24SYS@PROD1> EXEC dbms_stats.gather_table_stats(USER,'test_explain_lhr',estimate_percent => 100,cascade => TRUE); 26PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. 28SYS@PROD1> VAR x NUMBER; 29SYS@PROD1> VAR y NUMBER; 30SYS@PROD1> EXEC :x := 0; 32PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. 34SYS@PROD1> EXEC :y := 100000; 36PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. 38SYS@PROD1> EXPLAIN PLAN FOR SELECT COUNT(*) FROM test_explain_lhr t WHERE t.object_id BETWEEN :x AND :y ; 40Explained. 43SYS@PROD1> set line 9999 44SYS@PROD1> SELECT * FROM TABLE(dbms_xplan.display); 46PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT 47--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 48Plan hash value: 3299589416 50---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 51| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time | 52---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 53| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | 5 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 | 54| 1 | SORT AGGREGATE | | 1 | 5 | | | 55|* 2 | FILTER | | | | | | 56|* 3 | INDEX RANGE SCAN| IDX_OBJ_LHR | 363 | 1815 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 | 57---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 59Predicate Information (identified by operation id): 60--------------------------------------------------- 2 - filter(TO_NUMBER(:X)<=TO_NUMBER(:Y)) - access("T"."OBJECT_ID">=TO_NUMBER(:X) AND "T"."OBJECT_ID"<=TO_NUMBER(:Y)) rows selected. 68SYS@PROD1> set autot on 69SYS@PROD1> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM test_explain_lhr t WHERE t.object_id BETWEEN :x AND :y ; COUNT(*) 72---------- 75 76Execution Plan 77---------------------------------------------------------- 78Plan hash value: 3299589416 80---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 81| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time | 82---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 83| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | 5 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 | 84| 1 | SORT AGGREGATE | | 1 | 5 | | | 85|* 2 | FILTER | | | | | | 86|* 3 | INDEX RANGE SCAN| IDX_OBJ_LHR | 363 | 1815 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 | 87---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 89Predicate Information (identified by operation id): 90--------------------------------------------------- 2 - filter(TO_NUMBER(:X)<=TO_NUMBER(:Y)) - access("T"."OBJECT_ID">=TO_NUMBER(:X) AND "T"."OBJECT_ID"<=TO_NUMBER(:Y)) 97Statistics 98---------------------------------------------------------- recursive calls db block gets consistent gets physical reads redo size bytes sent via SQL*Net to client bytes received via SQL*Net from client SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client sorts (memory) sorts (disk) rows processed 111SYS@PROD1> SET AUTOT OFF 112SYS@PROD1> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM test_explain_lhr t WHERE t.object_id BETWEEN :x AND :y ; COUNT(*) 115---------- 118SYS@PROD1> SELECT * FROM TABLE(dbms_xplan.display_cursor(NULL,NULL,'advanced')); 120PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT 121---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 122SQL_ID 1r87sg98rdkuf, child number 0 123------------------------------------- 124SELECT COUNT(*) FROM test_explain_lhr t WHERE t.object_id BETWEEN :x 125AND :y 127Plan hash value: 2428225634 129-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 130| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time | 131-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 132| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | | | 90 (100)| | 133| 1 | SORT AGGREGATE | | 1 | 5 | | | 134|* 2 | FILTER | | | | | | 135|* 3 | INDEX FAST FULL SCAN| IDX_OBJ_LHR | 145K| 708K| 90 (2)| 00:00:02 | 136-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 138Query Block Name / Object Alias (identified by operation id): 139------------------------------------------------------------- 1 - SEL$1 - SEL$1 / T@SEL$1 144Outline Data 145------------- /*+ BEGIN_OUTLINE_DATA IGNORE_OPTIM_EMBEDDED_HINTS OPTIMIZER_FEATURES_ENABLE('11.2.0.1') DB_VERSION('11.2.0.1') ALL_ROWS OUTLINE_LEAF(@"SEL$1") INDEX_FFS(@"SEL$1" "T"@"SEL$1" ("TEST_EXPLAIN_LHR"."OBJECT_ID")) END_OUTLINE_DATA */ 158Peeked Binds (identified by position): 159-------------------------------------- 1 - :X (NUMBER): 0 - :Y (NUMBER): 100000 164Predicate Information (identified by operation id): 165--------------------------------------------------- 2 - filter(:X<=:Y) - filter(("T"."OBJECT_ID">=:X AND "T"."OBJECT_ID"<=:Y)) 170Column Projection Information (identified by operation id): 171----------------------------------------------------------- 1 - (#keys=0) COUNT(*)[22] rows selected.
& 说明:
有关真实的执行计划的更多内容可以参考我的BLOG:http://blog.itpub.net/26736162/viewspace-2152884/
本文选自《Oracle程序员面试笔试宝典》,作者:李华荣。
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