mysql子查询
2021/5/4 2:25:26
本文主要是介绍mysql子查询，对大家解决编程问题具有一定的参考价值，需要的程序猿们随着小编来一起学习吧！
#子查询
/*
含义：
出现在其他语句中的select语句，称为子查询或内查询
外部的查询语句，称为主查询或外查询
分类：
按子查询出现的位置：
select后面：
仅仅支持标量子查询
from后面：
支持表子查询
where或having后面：★
标量子查询（单行） √
列子查询 （多行） √
行子查询
exists后面（相关子查询）
表子查询
按结果集的行列数不同：
标量子查询（结果集只有一行一列）
列子查询（结果集只有一列多行）
行子查询（结果集有一行多列）
表子查询（结果集一般为多行多列）
*/
#一、where或having后面
/*
1、标量子查询（单行子查询）
2、列子查询（多行子查询）
3、行子查询（多列多行）
特点：
①子查询放在小括号内
②子查询一般放在条件的右侧
③标量子查询，一般搭配着单行操作符使用
> < >= <= = <>
列子查询，一般搭配着多行操作符使用
in、any/some、all【any和all可以用min和max代替】
④子查询的执行优先于主查询执行，主查询的条件用到了子查询的结果
*/
#1.标量子查询★
#案例1：谁的工资比 Abel 高?
#①查询Abel的工资
SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE last_name = 'Abel'
#②查询员工的信息，满足 salary>①结果
SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE salary>(
SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE last_name = 'Abel'
);
#案例2：返回job_id与141号员工相同，salary比143号员工多的员工 姓名，job_id 和工资
#①查询141号员工的job_id
SELECT job_id
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 141
#②查询143号员工的salary
SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 143
#③查询员工的姓名，job_id 和工资，要求job_id=①并且salary>②
SELECT last_name,job_id,salary
FROM employees
WHERE job_id = (
SELECT job_id
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 141
) AND salary>(
SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 143
);
#案例3：返回公司工资最少的员工的last_name,job_id和salary
#①查询公司的 最低工资
SELECT MIN(salary)
FROM employees
#②查询last_name,job_id和salary，要求salary=①
SELECT last_name,job_id,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary=(
SELECT MIN(salary)
FROM employees
);
#案例4：查询最低工资大于50号部门最低工资的部门id和其最低工资
#①查询50号部门的最低工资
SELECT MIN(salary)
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = 50
#②查询每个部门的最低工资
SELECT MIN(salary),department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
#③ 在②基础上筛选，满足min(salary)>①
SELECT MIN(salary),department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
HAVING MIN(salary)>(
SELECT MIN(salary)
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = 50
);
#非法使用标量子查询
SELECT MIN(salary),department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
HAVING MIN(salary)>(
SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = 250
);
#2.列子查询（多行子查询）★
#案例1：返回location_id是1400或1700的部门中的所有员工姓名
#①查询location_id是1400或1700的部门编号
SELECT DISTINCT department_id
FROM departments
WHERE location_id IN(1400,1700)
#②查询员工姓名，要求部门号是①列表中的某一个
SELECT last_name
FROM employees
WHERE department_id <>ALL(
SELECT DISTINCT department_id
FROM departments
WHERE location_id IN(1400,1700)
);
#案例2：返回其它工种中比job_id为‘IT_PROG’工种任一工资低的员工的员工号、姓名、job_id 以及salary
#①查询job_id为‘IT_PROG’部门任一工资
SELECT DISTINCT salary
FROM employees
WHERE job_id = 'IT_PROG'
#②查询员工号、姓名、job_id 以及salary，salary<(①)的任意一个
SELECT last_name,employee_id,job_id,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary<ANY(
SELECT DISTINCT salary
FROM employees
WHERE job_id = 'IT_PROG'
) AND job_id<>'IT_PROG';
#或
SELECT last_name,employee_id,job_id,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary<(
SELECT MAX(salary)
FROM employees
WHERE job_id = 'IT_PROG'
) AND job_id<>'IT_PROG';
#案例3：返回其它部门中比job_id为‘IT_PROG’部门所有工资都低的员工 的员工号、姓名、job_id 以及salary
SELECT last_name,employee_id,job_id,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary<ALL(
SELECT DISTINCT salary
FROM employees
WHERE job_id = 'IT_PROG'
) AND job_id<>'IT_PROG';
#或
SELECT last_name,employee_id,job_id,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary<(
SELECT MIN( salary)
FROM employees
WHERE job_id = 'IT_PROG'
) AND job_id<>'IT_PROG';
#3、行子查询（结果集一行多列或多行多列）
#案例：查询员工编号最小并且工资最高的员工信息
SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE (employee_id,salary)=(
SELECT MIN(employee_id),MAX(salary)
FROM employees
);
#①查询最小的员工编号
SELECT MIN(employee_id)
FROM employees
#②查询最高工资
SELECT MAX(salary)
FROM employees
#③查询员工信息
SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id=(
SELECT MIN(employee_id)
FROM employees
)AND salary=(
SELECT MAX(salary)
FROM employees
);
#二、select后面
/*
仅仅支持标量子查询
*/
#案例：查询每个部门的员工个数
SELECT d.*,(
SELECT COUNT(*)
FROM employees e
WHERE e.department_id = d.`department_id`
) 个数
FROM departments d;
#案例2：查询员工号=102的部门名
SELECT (
SELECT department_name,e.department_id
FROM departments d
INNER JOIN employees e
ON d.department_id=e.department_id
WHERE e.employee_id=102
) 部门名;
#三、from后面
/*
将子查询结果充当一张表，要求必须起别名
*/
#案例：查询每个部门的平均工资的工资等级
#①查询每个部门的平均工资
SELECT AVG(salary),department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
SELECT * FROM job_grades;
#②连接①的结果集和job_grades表，筛选条件平均工资 between lowest_sal and highest_sal
SELECT ag_dep.*,g.`grade_level`
FROM (
SELECT AVG(salary) ag,department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
) ag_dep
INNER JOIN job_grades g
ON ag_dep.ag BETWEEN lowest_sal AND highest_sal;
#四、exists后面（相关子查询）
/*
语法：
exists(完整的查询语句)
结果：
1或0
*/
SELECT EXISTS(SELECT employee_id FROM employees WHERE salary=300000);
#案例1：查询有员工的部门名
#in
SELECT department_name
FROM departments d
WHERE d.`department_id` IN(
SELECT department_id
FROM employees
)
#exists
SELECT department_name
FROM departments d
WHERE EXISTS(
SELECT *
FROM employees e
WHERE d.`department_id`=e.`department_id`
);
#案例2：查询没有女朋友的男神信息
#in
SELECT bo.*
FROM boys bo
WHERE bo.id NOT IN(
SELECT boyfriend_id
FROM beauty
)
#exists
SELECT bo.*
FROM boys bo
WHERE NOT EXISTS(
SELECT boyfriend_id
FROM beauty b
WHERE bo.`id`=b.`boyfriend_id`
);
#1. 查询和Zlotkey相同部门的员工姓名和工资
#①查询Zlotkey的部门
SELECT department_id
FROM employees
WHERE last_name = 'Zlotkey'
#②查询部门号=①的姓名和工资
SELECT last_name,salary
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = (
SELECT department_id
FROM employees
WHERE last_name = 'Zlotkey'
)
#2.查询工资比公司平均工资高的员工的员工号，姓名和工资。
#①查询平均工资
SELECT AVG(salary)
FROM employees
#②查询工资>①的员工号，姓名和工资。
SELECT last_name,employee_id,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary>(
SELECT AVG(salary)
FROM employees
);
#3.查询各部门中工资比本部门平均工资高的员工的员工号, 姓名和工资
#①查询各部门的平均工资
SELECT AVG(salary),department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
#②连接①结果集和employees表，进行筛选
SELECT employee_id,last_name,salary,e.department_id
FROM employees e
INNER JOIN (
SELECT AVG(salary) ag,department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
) ag_dep
ON e.department_id = ag_dep.department_id
WHERE salary>ag_dep.ag ;
#4. 查询和姓名中包含字母u的员工在相同部门的员工的员工号和姓名
#①查询姓名中包含字母u的员工的部门
SELECT DISTINCT department_id
FROM employees
WHERE last_name LIKE '%u%'
#②查询部门号=①中的任意一个的员工号和姓名
SELECT last_name,employee_id
FROM employees
WHERE department_id IN(
SELECT DISTINCT department_id
FROM employees
WHERE last_name LIKE '%u%'
);
#5. 查询在部门的location_id为1700的部门工作的员工的员工号
#①查询location_id为1700的部门
SELECT DISTINCT department_id
FROM departments
WHERE location_id = 1700
#②查询部门号=①中的任意一个的员工号
SELECT employee_id
FROM employees
WHERE department_id =ANY(
SELECT DISTINCT department_id
FROM departments
WHERE location_id = 1700
);
#6.查询管理者是King的员工姓名和工资
#①查询姓名为king的员工编号
SELECT employee_id
FROM employees
WHERE last_name = 'K_ing'
#②查询哪个员工的manager_id = ①
SELECT last_name,salary
FROM employees
WHERE manager_id IN(
SELECT employee_id
FROM employees
WHERE last_name = 'K_ing'
);
#7.查询工资最高的员工的姓名，要求first_name和last_name显示为一列，列名为 姓.名
#①查询最高工资
SELECT MAX(salary)
FROM employees
#②查询工资=①的姓.名
SELECT CONCAT(first_name,last_name) "姓.名"
FROM employees
WHERE salary=(
SELECT MAX(salary)
FROM employees
);
# 1. 查询工资最低的员工信息: last_name, salary
#①查询最低的工资
SELECT MIN(salary)
FROM employees
#②查询last_name,salary，要求salary=①
SELECT last_name,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary=(
SELECT MIN(salary)
FROM employees
);
# 2. 查询平均工资最低的部门信息
#方式一：
#①各部门的平均工资
SELECT AVG(salary),department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
#②查询①结果上的最低平均工资
SELECT MIN(ag)
FROM (
SELECT AVG(salary) ag,department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
) ag_dep
#③查询哪个部门的平均工资=②
SELECT AVG(salary),department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
HAVING AVG(salary)=(
SELECT MIN(ag)
FROM (
SELECT AVG(salary) ag,department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
) ag_dep
);
#④查询部门信息
SELECT d.*
FROM departments d
WHERE d.`department_id`=(
SELECT department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
HAVING AVG(salary)=(
SELECT MIN(ag)
FROM (
SELECT AVG(salary) ag,department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
) ag_dep
)
);
#方式二：
#①各部门的平均工资
SELECT AVG(salary),department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
#②求出最低平均工资的部门编号
SELECT department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
ORDER BY AVG(salary)
LIMIT 1;
#③查询部门信息
SELECT *
FROM departments
WHERE department_id=(
SELECT department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
ORDER BY AVG(salary)
LIMIT 1
);
# 3. 查询平均工资最低的部门信息和该部门的平均工资
#①各部门的平均工资
SELECT AVG(salary),department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
#②求出最低平均工资的部门编号
SELECT AVG(salary),department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
ORDER BY AVG(salary)
LIMIT 1;
#③查询部门信息
SELECT d.*,ag
FROM departments d
JOIN (
SELECT AVG(salary) ag,department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
ORDER BY AVG(salary)
LIMIT 1
) ag_dep
ON d.`department_id`=ag_dep.department_id;
# 4. 查询平均工资最高的 job 信息
#①查询最高的job的平均工资
SELECT AVG(salary),job_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY job_id
ORDER BY AVG(salary) DESC
LIMIT 1
#②查询job信息
SELECT *
FROM jobs
WHERE job_id=(
SELECT job_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY job_id
ORDER BY AVG(salary) DESC
LIMIT 1
);
# 5. 查询平均工资高于公司平均工资的部门有哪些?
#①查询平均工资
SELECT AVG(salary)
FROM employees
#②查询每个部门的平均工资
SELECT AVG(salary),department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
#③筛选②结果集，满足平均工资>①
SELECT AVG(salary),department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
HAVING AVG(salary)>(
SELECT AVG(salary)
FROM employees
);
# 6. 查询出公司中所有 manager 的详细信息.
#①查询所有manager的员工编号
SELECT DISTINCT manager_id
FROM employees
#②查询详细信息，满足employee_id=①
SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id =ANY(
SELECT DISTINCT manager_id
FROM employees
);
# 7. 各个部门中 最高工资中最低的那个部门的 最低工资是多少
#①查询各部门的最高工资中最低的部门编号
SELECT department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
ORDER BY MAX(salary)
LIMIT 1
#②查询①结果的那个部门的最低工资
SELECT MIN(salary) ,department_id
FROM employees
WHERE department_id=(
SELECT department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
ORDER BY MAX(salary)
LIMIT 1
);
# 8. 查询平均工资最高的部门的 manager 的详细信息: last_name, department_id, email, salary
#①查询平均工资最高的部门编号
SELECT
department_id
FROM
employees
GROUP BY department_id
ORDER BY AVG(salary) DESC
LIMIT 1
#②将employees和departments连接查询，筛选条件是①
SELECT
last_name, d.department_id, email, salary
FROM
employees e
INNER JOIN departments d
ON d.manager_id = e.employee_id
WHERE d.department_id =
(SELECT
department_id
FROM
employees
GROUP BY department_id
ORDER BY AVG(salary) DESC
LIMIT 1) ;
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