nginx软件安装部署
2021/5/23 7:27:44
本文主要是介绍nginx软件安装部署，对大家解决编程问题具有一定的参考价值，需要的程序猿们随着小编来一起学习吧！
一、下载
两种安装方式:
1、yum安装软件
a 使用官方yum源进行安装 安装的是最新版本 软件目录结构比较标准 (推荐)
b 使用非官方yum源进行安装 安装的不是最新版 目录结构会发生变化
2、编译安装软件
第一个步骤:
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.16.0.tar.gz
PS: 解决软件的依赖 openssl-devel pcre-devel
[root@ lb01 ~]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.16.0.tar.gz --2021-05-22 14:59:38-- http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.16.0.tar.gz Resolving nginx.org (nginx.org)... 3.125.197.172, 52.58.199.22, 2a05:d014:edb:5702::6, ... Connecting to nginx.org (nginx.org)|3.125.197.172|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 1032345 (1008K) [application/octet-stream] Saving to: ‘nginx-1.16.0.tar.gz’ 100%[===============================================================================>] 1,032,345 352KB/s in 2.9s 2021-05-22 14:59:47 (352 KB/s) - ‘nginx-1.16.0.tar.gz’ saved [1032345/1032345] [root@ lb01 ~]# rpm -qa nginx nginx-1.16.1-3.el7.x86_64 [root@ lb01 ~]# yum install -y openssl-devel [root@ lb01 ~]# yum install -y pcre-devel
二、解压相关软件进入其目录
[root@ lb01 ~]# mkdir -p /server/tools [root@ lb01 ~]# mv nginx-1.16.0.tar.gz /server/tools [root@ lb01 tools]# tar -xf nginx-1.16.0.tar.gz [root@ lb01 tools]# ll total 1012 drwxr-xr-x. 8 rsync rsync 158 Apr 23 2019 nginx-1.16.0 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1032345 Apr 23 2019 nginx-1.16.0.tar.gz [root@ lb01 tools]# cd nginx-1.16.0/
第三个步骤:编译安装
编译安装三步曲
a 进行配置操作
./configure （命令）（–prefix= PATH） （–user=USER ）
用法：./configure --prefix= （写上参数信息比如：–user=USER ）
–prefix=PATH set installation prefix
指定程序安装路径
–user=USER set non-privileged user for worker processes
设置一个虚拟用户管理worker进程(安全)
–group=GROUP set non-privileged group for worker processes
设置一个虚拟用户组管理worker进程(安全)
[root@ lb01 nginx-1.16.0]# ./configure --help --help print this message --prefix=PATH set installation prefix --sbin-path=PATH set nginx binary pathname --modules-path=PATH set modules path --conf-path=PATH set nginx.conf pathname --error-log-path=PATH set error log pathname --pid-path=PATH set nginx.pid pathname --lock-path=PATH set nginx.lock pathname ***可以看到很多具体参数的用法。***
b 进行软件的编译过程:
make
c 编译安装过程
make install
（接上nginx第二种安装方法）yum官方源安装方法:
第一个历程: 更新nginx官方yum源
[root@ lb01 nginx-1.16.0]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo [nginx-stable] name=nginx stable repo baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/$releasever/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 enabled=1 gpgkey=https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key
第二个历程: yum安装nginx软件
[root@ lb01 nginx-1.16.0]# yum install -y nginx Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com nginx-stable | 2.9 kB 00:00 nginx-stable/7/x86_64/primary_db | 63 kB 00:06 Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package nginx.x86_64 1:1.16.1-3.el7 will be updated ---> Package nginx.x86_64 1:1.20.0-1.el7.ngx will be an update --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ==================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size ==================================================================== Updating: nginx x86_64 1:1.20.0-1.el7.ngx nginx-stable 790 k Transaction Summary ==================================================================== Upgrade 1 Package Total download size: 790 k Downloading packages: Delta RPMs disabled because /usr/bin/applydeltarpm not installed. warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/nginx-stable/packages/nginx-1.20.0-1.el7.ngx.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 7bd9bf62: NOKEY Public key for nginx-1.20.0-1.el7.ngx.x86_64.rpm is not installed nginx-1.20.0-1.el7.ngx.x86_64.rpm | 790 kB 00:13 Retrieving key from https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key Importing GPG key 0x7BD9BF62: Userid : "nginx signing key <signing-key@nginx.com>" Fingerprint: 573b fd6b 3d8f bc64 1079 a6ab abf5 bd82 7bd9 bf62 From : https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Updating : 1:nginx-1.20.0-1.el7.ngx.x86_64 1/2 warning: /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf created as /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf.rpmnew warning: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf created as /etc/nginx/nginx.conf.rpmnew Cleanup : 1:nginx-1.16.1-3.el7.x86_64 2/2 Verifying : 1:nginx-1.20.0-1.el7.ngx.x86_64 1/2 Verifying : 1:nginx-1.16.1-3.el7.x86_64 2/2 Updated: nginx.x86_64 1:1.20.0-1.el7.ngx Complete!
第三个历程: 启动nginx服务,检查服务是否安装正确
[root@ lb01 ~]# systemctl start nginx
[root@ lb01 ~]# systemctl status nginx
● nginx.service - nginx - high performance web server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Sat 2021-05-22 17:15:04 CST; 11s ago
Docs: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
Process: 4452 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 4453 (nginx)
CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
├─4453 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
└─4454 nginx: worker process
May 22 17:15:04 lb01 systemd[1]: Starting nginx - high performance web server...
May 22 17:15:04 lb01 systemd[1]: Can't open PID file /var/run/nginx.pid (yet?) after start: No such file or directory
May 22 17:15:04 lb01 systemd[1]: Started nginx - high performance web server.
[root@ lb01 ~]# systemctl enable nginx
测试访问nginx服务
在页面输入nginx的IP地址
查看软件的目录结构（不切割常年积累会很大，所以为了方便查看必须进行切割处理。）
1、/etc/logrotate.d
实现nginx日志文件定时切割处理
日志切割方法一: 利用脚本实现切割
[root@ lb01 ~]# vim /etc/logrotate.d #!/bin/bash mv /var/log/nginx/access.log /var/log/nginx /access_$(date +%F).log systemctl restart nginx
日志切割方法二: 利用专用文件切割程序–logrotate
[root@ lb01 ~]# vim /etc/logrotate.conf
# see "man logrotate" for details
# rotate log files weekly
weekly
# see "man logrotate" for details
# rotate log files weekly
weekly --- 定义默认日志切割的周期
# keep 4 weeks worth of backlogs
rotate 4 --- 定义只保留几个切割后的文件
# create new (empty) log files after rotating old ones
create --- 创建出一个相同的源文件
# use date as a suffix of the rotated file
dateext --- 定义角标(扩展名称信息)
# uncomment this if you want your log files compressed
#compress --- 是否对切割后的文件进行压缩处理
# RPM packages drop log rotation information into this directory
include /etc/logrotate.d --- 加载包含/etc/logrotate.d/目录中文件配置
# no packages own wtmp and btmp -- we'll rotate them here
/var/log/wtmp { --- 单独对某个文件进行切割配置
monthly *(主要就在这块代码切割。)*
create 0664 root utmp
minsize 1M --- 最小大小为1M,小于1M不进行切割
rotate 1
}
/var/log/btmp {
missingok
monthly
create 0600 root utmp
总结:
01. /etc/nginx 配置文件
02. /var/log/nginx 日志文件
03. /usr/bin/nginx 命令文件
04. /usr/share/nginx/html 站点目录
图片 附件信息 音频 视频等
nginx服务配置文件
[root@ lb01 ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf --- 主配置文件
user nginx; --- 定义worker进程管理的用户
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log notice; --- 定义错误日志路径信息
pid /var/run/nginx.pid; --- 定义pid文件路径信息
events {
worker_connections 1024; ---一个worker进程可以同时接收1024访问请求
}
http {
include /etc/nginx/mime.types; --- 加载一个配置文件
default_type application/octet-stream; --- 指定默认识别文件类型
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
--- 定义日志的格式
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main; --- 指定日志路径
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 65; --- 超时时间
#gzip on;
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; --- 加载一个配置文件
}
server区域信息
/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf ------ 扩展配置(虚拟主机配置文件)
[root@ lb01 conf.d]# cat default.conf
server {
listen 80; --- 指定监听的端口
server_name localhost; --- 指定网站域名
#access_log /var/log/nginx/host.access.log main;
location / {
root /usr/share/nginx/html; --- 定义站点目录的位置
index index.html index.htm; --- 定义首页文件(访问的时候显示的页面)
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;--- 优雅显示页面信息
location = /50x.html {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
切换到站点目录下
[root@ lb01 conf.d]# cd /usr/share/nginx/html 添加一张图片 [root@ lb01 html]# rz -E rz waiting to receive. [root@ lb01 html]# ll total 264 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 494 Apr 21 00:09 50x.html -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 260468 May 22 13:43 http.png -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 612 Apr 21 00:09 index.html
站点目录下存在了一张图片，我们尝试访问一下
成功！！
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