源码分析 | Spring定时任务Quartz执行全过程源码解读

2021/6/2 12:24:44

本文主要是介绍源码分析 | Spring定时任务Quartz执行全过程源码解读,对大家解决编程问题具有一定的参考价值,需要的程序猿们随着小编来一起学习吧!

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你用剑????、我用刀????,好的代码都很烧????,望你不吝出招????!

一、前言介绍

在日常开发中经常会用到定时任务,用来;库表扫描发送MQ、T+n账单结算、缓存数据更新、秒杀活动状态变更,等等。因为有了Spring的Schedule极大的方便了我们对这类场景的使用。那么,除了应用你还了解它多少呢;

  1. 默认初始化多少个任务线程
  2. JobStore有几种实现,你平时用的都是哪个
  3. 一个定时任务的执行流程简述下

蒙圈了吧,是不感觉平时只是使用了,根本没关注过这些。有种冲动赶紧搜索答案吧!但只是知道答案是没有多少意义的,扛不住问不说,也不了解原理。所以,如果你想真的提升自己技能,还是要从根本搞定。

二、案例工程

为了更好的做源码分析,我们将平时用的定时任务服务单独抽离出来。工程下载,关注公众号:bugstack虫洞栈,回复:源码分析

itstack-demo-code-schedule
└── src
    ├── main
    │   ├── java
    │   │   └── org.itstack.demo
    │   │       ├── DemoTask.java
    │   │       └── JobImpl.java   
    │   └── resources	
    │       ├── props	
    │       │   └── config.properties
    │       ├── spring
    │       │   └── spring-config-schedule-task.xml
    │       ├── logback.xml
    │       └── spring-config.xml
    └── test
         └── java
             └── org.itstack.demo.test
                 ├── ApiTest.java
                 ├── MyQuartz.java				
                 └── MyTask.java

三、环境配置

  1. JDK 1.8
  2. IDEA 2019.3.1
  3. Spring 4.3.24.RELEASE
  4. quartz 2.3.2 {不同版本略有代码差异}

四、源码分析

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.quartz-scheduler</groupId>
    <artifactId>quartz</artifactId>
    <version>2.3.2</version>
</dependency>

依赖于Spring版本升级quartz选择2.3.2,同时如果你如本文案例中所示使用xml配置任务。那么会有如下更改;

Spring 3.x/org.springframework.scheduling.quart.CronTriggerBean

 <bean id="taskTrigger" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.CronTriggerBean">
     <property name="jobDetail" ref="taskHandler"/>
     <property name="cronExpression" value="0/5 * * * * ?"/>
 </bean>

Spring 4.x/org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.CronTriggerFactoryBean

 <bean id="taskTrigger" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.CronTriggerFactoryBean">
     <property name="jobDetail" ref="taskHandler"/>
     <property name="cronExpression" value="0/5 * * * * ?"/>
 </bean>

在正式分析前,可以看下quartz的默认配置,很多初始化动作都要从这里取得参数,同样你可以配置自己的配置文件。例如,当你的任务很多时,默认初始化的10个线程组不满足你的业务需求,就可以按需调整。

quart.properties

# Default Properties file for use by StdSchedulerFactory
# to create a Quartz Scheduler Instance, if a different
# properties file is not explicitly specified.
#

org.quartz.scheduler.instanceName: DefaultQuartzScheduler
org.quartz.scheduler.rmi.export: false
org.quartz.scheduler.rmi.proxy: false
org.quartz.scheduler.wrapJobExecutionInUserTransaction: false

org.quartz.threadPool.class: org.quartz.simpl.SimpleThreadPool
org.quartz.threadPool.threadCount: 10
org.quartz.threadPool.threadPriority: 5
org.quartz.threadPool.threadsInheritContextClassLoaderOfInitializingThread: true

org.quartz.jobStore.misfireThreshold: 60000

org.quartz.jobStore.class: org.quartz.simpl.RAMJobStore

1. 从一个简单案例开始

平时我们使用Schedule基本都是注解或者xml配置文件,但是为了可以更简单的分析代码,我们从一个简单的Demo入手,放到main函数中。

DemoTask.java & 定义一个等待被执行的任务

public class DemoTask {

    private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DemoTask.class);

    public void execute() throws Exception{
        logger.info("定时处理用户信息任务:0/5 * * * * ?");
    }

}

MyTask.java & 测试类,将配置在xml中的代码抽离出来

public class MyTask {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        DemoTask demoTask = new DemoTask();

        // 定义了;执行的内容
        MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean methodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean = new MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean();
        methodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean.setTargetObject(demoTask);
        methodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean.setTargetMethod("execute");
        methodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean.setConcurrent(true);
        methodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean.setName("demoTask");
        methodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean.afterPropertiesSet();

        // 定义了;执行的计划
        CronTriggerFactoryBean cronTriggerFactoryBean = new CronTriggerFactoryBean();
        cronTriggerFactoryBean.setJobDetail(methodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean.getObject());
        cronTriggerFactoryBean.setCronExpression("0/5 * * * * ?");
        cronTriggerFactoryBean.setName("demoTask");
        cronTriggerFactoryBean.afterPropertiesSet();

        // 实现了;执行的功能
        SchedulerFactoryBean schedulerFactoryBean = new SchedulerFactoryBean();
        schedulerFactoryBean.setTriggers(cronTriggerFactoryBean.getObject());
        schedulerFactoryBean.setAutoStartup(true);
        schedulerFactoryBean.afterPropertiesSet();

        schedulerFactoryBean.start();

        // 暂停住
        System.in.read();

    }

}

如果一切顺利,那么会有如下结果:

2020-01-04 10:47:16.369 [main] INFO  org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory[1220] - Using default implementation for ThreadExecutor
2020-01-04 10:47:16.421 [main] INFO  org.quartz.core.SchedulerSignalerImpl[61] - Initialized Scheduler Signaller of type: class org.quartz.core.SchedulerSignalerImpl
2020-01-04 10:47:16.422 [main] INFO  org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler[229] - Quartz Scheduler v.2.3.2 created.
2020-01-04 10:47:16.423 [main] INFO  org.quartz.simpl.RAMJobStore[155] - RAMJobStore initialized.
2020-01-04 10:47:16.424 [main] INFO  org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler[294] - Scheduler meta-data: Quartz Scheduler (v2.3.2) 'QuartzScheduler' with instanceId 'NON_CLUSTERED'
  Scheduler class: 'org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler' - running locally.
  NOT STARTED.
  Currently in standby mode.
  Number of jobs executed: 0
  Using thread pool 'org.quartz.simpl.SimpleThreadPool' - with 10 threads.
  Using job-store 'org.quartz.simpl.RAMJobStore' - which does not support persistence. and is not clustered.

2020-01-04 10:47:16.424 [main] INFO  org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory[1374] - Quartz scheduler 'QuartzScheduler' initialized from an externally provided properties instance.
2020-01-04 10:47:16.424 [main] INFO  org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory[1378] - Quartz scheduler version: 2.3.2
2020-01-04 10:47:16.426 [main] INFO  org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler[2293] - JobFactory set to: org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.AdaptableJobFactory@3e9b1010
2020-01-04 10:47:16.651 [main] INFO  org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler[547] - Scheduler QuartzScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED started.
一月 04, 2020 10:47:16 上午 org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SchedulerFactoryBean startScheduler
信息: Starting Quartz Scheduler now
2020-01-04 10:47:20.321 [QuartzScheduler_Worker-1] INFO  org.itstack.demo.DemoTask[11] - 定时处理用户信息任务:0/5 * * * * ?
2020-01-04 10:47:25.001 [QuartzScheduler_Worker-2] INFO  org.itstack.demo.DemoTask[11] - 定时处理用户信息任务:0/5 * * * * ?
2020-01-04 10:47:30.000 [QuartzScheduler_Worker-3] INFO  org.itstack.demo.DemoTask[11] - 定时处理用户信息任务:0/5 * * * * ?
2020-01-04 10:47:35.001 [QuartzScheduler_Worker-4] INFO  org.itstack.demo.DemoTask[11] - 定时处理用户信息任务:0/5 * * * * ?
2020-01-04 10:47:40.000 [QuartzScheduler_Worker-5] INFO  org.itstack.demo.DemoTask[11] - 定时处理用户信息任务:0/5 * * * * ?

Process finished with exit code -1

2. 定义执行内容(MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean)

// 定义了;执行的内容
MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean methodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean = new MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean();
methodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean.setTargetObject(demoTask);
methodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean.setTargetMethod("execute");
methodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean.setConcurrent(true);
methodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean.setName("demoTask");
methodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean.afterPropertiesSet();

这块内容主要将我们的任务体(即待执行任务DemoTask)交给MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean管理,首先设置必要信息;

  • targetObject:目标对象bean,也就是demoTask
  • targetMethod:目标方法name,也就是execute
  • concurrent:是否并行执行,非并行执行任务,如果上一个任务没有执行完,下一刻不会执行
  • name:xml配置非必传,源码中可以获取beanName

最后我们通过手动调用 afterPropertiesSet() 来模拟初始化。如果我们的类是交给 Spring 管理的,那么在实现了 InitializingBean 接口的类,在类配置信息加载后会自动执行 afterPropertiesSet() 。一般实现了 InitializingBean 接口的类,同时也会去实现 FactoryBean 接口,因为这个接口实现后就可以通过 T getObject() 获取自己自定义初始化的类。这也常常用在一些框架开发中。

MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean.afterPropertiesSet()

public void afterPropertiesSet() throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException {
	prepare();
	// Use specific name if given, else fall back to bean name.
	String name = (this.name != null ? this.name : this.beanName);
	// Consider the concurrent flag to choose between stateful and stateless job.
	Class<?> jobClass = (this.concurrent ? MethodInvokingJob.class : StatefulMethodInvokingJob.class);
	// Build JobDetail instance.
	JobDetailImpl jdi = new JobDetailImpl();
	jdi.setName(name);
	jdi.setGroup(this.group);
	jdi.setJobClass((Class) jobClass);
	jdi.setDurability(true);
	jdi.getJobDataMap().put("methodInvoker", this);
	this.jobDetail = jdi;
	
	postProcessJobDetail(this.jobDetail);
}
  • 源码168行: 根据是否并行执行选择任务类,这两个类都是MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean的内部类,非并行执行的StatefulMethodInvokingJob只是继承MethodInvokingJob添加了标记注解。

  • 源码171行: 创建JobDetailImpl,添加任务明细信息,注意这类的jdi.setJobClass((Class) jobClass)实际就是MethodInvokingJob。MethodInvokingJob也是我们最终要反射调用执行的内容。

  • 源码177行: 初始化任务后赋值给this.jobDetail = jdi,也就是最终的类对象

    MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean.getObject()

    @Override
    public JobDetail getObject() {
    	return this.jobDetail;
    }
    
  • 源码:220行: 获取对象时返回 this.jobDetail,这也就解释了为什么 MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean 初始化后直接赋值给了一个 JobDetail ;

    微信公众号:bugstack虫洞栈 & Schedule.xml

3. 定义执行计划(CronTriggerFactoryBeann)

// 定义了;执行的计划
CronTriggerFactoryBean cronTriggerFactoryBean = new CronTriggerFactoryBean();
cronTriggerFactoryBean.setJobDetail(methodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean.getObject());
cronTriggerFactoryBean.setCronExpression("0/5 * * * * ?");
cronTriggerFactoryBean.setName("demoTask");
cronTriggerFactoryBean.afterPropertiesSet();

这一块主要定义任务的执行计划,并将任务执行内容交给 CronTriggerFactoryBean 管理,同时设置必要信息;

  • jobDetail:设置任务体,xml 中可以直接将对象赋值,硬编码中设置执行的 JobDetail 对象信息。也就是我们上面设置的 JobDetailImpl ,通过 getObject() 获取出来。
  • cronExpression:计划表达式;秒、分、时、日、月、周、年

CronTriggerFactoryBean.afterPropertiesSet()

@Override
public void afterPropertiesSet() throws ParseException {
    
	// ... 校验属性信息
	
	CronTriggerImpl cti = new CronTriggerImpl();
	cti.setName(this.name);
	cti.setGroup(this.group);
	if (this.jobDetail != null) {
		cti.setJobKey(this.jobDetail.getKey());
	}
	cti.setJobDataMap(this.jobDataMap);
	cti.setStartTime(this.startTime);
	cti.setCronExpression(this.cronExpression);
	cti.setTimeZone(this.timeZone);
	cti.setCalendarName(this.calendarName);
	cti.setPriority(this.priority);
	cti.setMisfireInstruction(this.misfireInstruction);
	cti.setDescription(this.description);
	this.cronTrigger = cti;
}
  • 源码237行: 创建触发器 CronTriggerImpl 并设置相关属性信息

  • 源码245行: 生成执行计划类 cti.setCronExpression(this.cronExpression);

    public void setCronExpression(String cronExpression) throws ParseException {
    	TimeZone origTz = getTimeZone();
    	this.cronEx = new CronExpression(cronExpression);
    	this.cronEx.setTimeZone(origTz);
    }
    

    CronExpression.java & 解析Cron表达式

    protected void buildExpression(String expression) throws ParseException {
    	expressionParsed = true;
    	try {
    		
    		// ... 初始化 TreeSet xxx = new TreeSet<Integer>();
    		
    		int exprOn = SECOND;
    		StringTokenizer exprsTok = new StringTokenizer(expression, " \t",
    				false);
    				
    		while (exprsTok.hasMoreTokens() && exprOn <= YEAR) {
    			String expr = exprsTok.nextToken().trim();
    			
    			// ... 校验DAY_OF_MONTH和DAY_OF_WEEK字段的特殊字符
    			
    			StringTokenizer vTok = new StringTokenizer(expr, ",");
    			while (vTok.hasMoreTokens()) {
    				String v = vTok.nextToken();
    				storeExpressionVals(0, v, exprOn);
    			}
    			exprOn++;
    		}
    		
    		// ... 校验DAY_OF_MONTH和DAY_OF_WEEK字段的特殊字符
    		
    	} catch (ParseException pe) {
    		throw pe;
    	} catch (Exception e) {
    		throw new ParseException("Illegal cron expression format ("
    				+ e.toString() + ")", 0);
    	}
    }
    
    • Cron表达式有7个字段,CronExpression 把7个字段解析为7个 TreeSet 对象。
    • 填充TreeSet对象值的时候,表达式都会转换为起始值、结束值和增量的计算模式,然后计算出匹配的值放进TreeSet对象

CronTriggerFactoryBean.getObject()

@Override
public CronTrigger getObject() {
	return this.cronTrigger;
}
  • 源码257行: 获取对象时返回 this.cronTrigger ,也就是 CronTriggerImpl 对象

4. 调度执行计划(SchedulerFactoryBean)

// 调度了;执行的计划(scheduler)
SchedulerFactoryBean schedulerFactoryBean = new SchedulerFactoryBean();
schedulerFactoryBean.setTriggers(cronTriggerFactoryBean.getObject());
schedulerFactoryBean.setAutoStartup(true);
schedulerFactoryBean.afterPropertiesSet();

schedulerFactoryBean.start();

这一部分如名字一样调度工厂,相当于一个指挥官,可以从全局做调度,比如监听哪些trigger已经ready、分配线程等等,同样也需要设置必要的属性信息;

  • triggers:按需可以设置多个触发器,本文设置了一个 cronTriggerFactoryBean.getObject() 也就是 CronTriggerImpl 对象
  • autoStartup:默认是否自动启动任务,默认值为true

这个过程较长包括:调度工厂、线程池、注册任务等等,整体核心加载流程如下;

微信公众号:bugstack虫洞栈 & 调度工程初始化流程

  • 整个加载过程较长,抽取部分核心代码块进行分析,其中包括的类;
    • StdScheduler
    • StdSchedulerFactory
    • SimpleThreadPool
    • QuartzScheduler
    • QuartzSchedulerThread
    • RAMJobStore
    • CronTriggerImpl
    • CronExpression

SchedulerFactoryBean.afterPropertiesSet()

public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
	if (this.dataSource == null && this.nonTransactionalDataSource != null) {
		this.dataSource = this.nonTransactionalDataSource;
	}
	if (this.applicationContext != null && this.resourceLoader == null) {
		this.resourceLoader = this.applicationContext;
	}
	// Initialize the Scheduler instance...
	this.scheduler = prepareScheduler(prepareSchedulerFactory());
	try {
		registerListeners();
		registerJobsAndTriggers();
	}
	catch (Exception ex) {
		try {
			this.scheduler.shutdown(true);
		}
		catch (Exception ex2) {
			logger.debug("Scheduler shutdown exception after registration failure", ex2);
		}
		throw ex;
	}
}
  • 源码474行: 为调度器做准备工作 prepareScheduler(prepareSchedulerFactory()) ,依次执行如下;

    1. SchedulerFactoryBean.prepareScheduler(SchedulerFactory schedulerFactory)
    2. SchedulerFactoryBean.createScheduler(schedulerFactory, this.schedulerName);
    3. SchedulerFactoryBean.createScheduler(SchedulerFactory schedulerFactory, String schedulerName)
    4. Scheduler newScheduler = schedulerFactory.getScheduler();
    5. StdSchedulerFactory.getScheduler();
    6. sched = instantiate(); 包括一系列核心操作;
    1)初始化threadPool(线程池):开发者可以通过org.quartz.threadPool.class配置指定使用哪个线程池类,比如SimpleThreadPool。
    2)初始化jobStore(任务存储方式):开发者可以通过org.quartz.jobStore.class配置指定使用哪个任务存储类,比如RAMJobStore。
    3)初始化dataSource(数据源):开发者可以通过org.quartz.dataSource配置指定数据源详情,比如哪个数据库、账号、密码等。
    4)初始化其他配置:包括SchedulerPlugins、JobListeners、TriggerListeners等;
    5)初始化threadExecutor(线程执行器):默认为DefaultThreadExecutor;
    6)创建工作线程:根据配置创建N个工作thread,执行start()启动thread,并将N个thread顺序add进threadPool实例的空闲线程列表availWorkers中;
    7)创建调度器线程:创建QuartzSchedulerThread实例,并通过threadExecutor.execute(实例)启动调度器线程;
    8)创建调度器:创建StdScheduler实例,将上面所有配置和引用组合进实例中,并将实例存入调度器池中
    
  • 源码477行: 调用父类 SchedulerAccessor.registerJobsAndTriggers() 注册任务和触发器

    for (Trigger trigger : this.triggers) {
    	addTriggerToScheduler(trigger);
    }
    

SchedulerAccessor.addTriggerToScheduler() & SchedulerAccessor 是SchedulerFactoryBean的父类

private boolean addTriggerToScheduler(Trigger trigger) throws SchedulerException {
	boolean triggerExists = (getScheduler().getTrigger(trigger.getKey()) != null);
	if (triggerExists && !this.overwriteExistingJobs) {
		return false;
	}
	// Check if the Trigger is aware of an associated JobDetail.
	JobDetail jobDetail = (JobDetail) trigger.getJobDataMap().remove("jobDetail");
	if (triggerExists) {
		if (jobDetail != null && !this.jobDetails.contains(jobDetail) && addJobToScheduler(jobDetail)) {
			this.jobDetails.add(jobDetail);
		}
		try {
			getScheduler().rescheduleJob(trigger.getKey(), trigger);
		}
		catch (ObjectAlreadyExistsException ex) {
			if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
				logger.debug("Unexpectedly encountered existing trigger on rescheduling, assumably due to " +
						"cluster race condition: " + ex.getMessage() + " - can safely be ignored");
			}
		}
	}
	else {
		try {
			if (jobDetail != null && !this.jobDetails.contains(jobDetail) &&
					(this.overwriteExistingJobs || getScheduler().getJobDetail(jobDetail.getKey()) == null)) {
				getScheduler().scheduleJob(jobDetail, trigger);
				this.jobDetails.add(jobDetail);
			}
			else {
				getScheduler().scheduleJob(trigger);
			}
		}
		catch (ObjectAlreadyExistsException ex) {
			if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
				logger.debug("Unexpectedly encountered existing trigger on job scheduling, assumably due to " +
						"cluster race condition: " + ex.getMessage() + " - can safely be ignored");
			}
			if (this.overwriteExistingJobs) {
				getScheduler().rescheduleJob(trigger.getKey(), trigger);
			}
		}
	}
	return true;
}
  • 源码299行: addJobToScheduler(jobDetail) 一直会调用到 RAMJobStore 进行存放任务信息到 HashMap<JobKey, JobWrapper>(100)

    public void storeJob(JobDetail newJob,
        boolean replaceExisting) throws ObjectAlreadyExistsException {
    	JobWrapper jw = new JobWrapper((JobDetail)newJob.clone());
    	boolean repl = false;
    	synchronized (lock) {
    		if (jobsByKey.get(jw.key) != null) {
    			if (!replaceExisting) {
    				throw new ObjectAlreadyExistsException(newJob);
    			}
    			repl = true;
    		}
    		if (!repl) {
    			// get job group
    			HashMap<JobKey, JobWrapper> grpMap = jobsByGroup.get(newJob.getKey().getGroup());
    			if (grpMap == null) {
    				grpMap = new HashMap<JobKey, JobWrapper>(100);
    				jobsByGroup.put(newJob.getKey().getGroup(), grpMap);
    			}
    			// add to jobs by group
    			grpMap.put(newJob.getKey(), jw);
    			// add to jobs by FQN map
    			jobsByKey.put(jw.key, jw);
    		} else {
    			// update job detail
    			JobWrapper orig = jobsByKey.get(jw.key);
    			orig.jobDetail = jw.jobDetail; // already cloned
    		}
    	}
    }
    
  • 初始化线程组;

    • prepareScheduler
    • createScheduler
    • schedulerFactory
    • StdSchedulerFactory.getScheduler()
    • getScheduler()->instantiate()
    • 源码1323行: tp.initialize();

    SimpleThreadPool.initialize() & 这里的count是默认配置中的数量,可以更改

     // create the worker threads and start them
     Iterator<WorkerThread> workerThreads = createWorkerThreads(count).iterator();
     while(workerThreads.hasNext()) {
    	 WorkerThread wt = workerThreads.next();
    	 wt.start();
    	 availWorkers.add(wt);
     }
    

5. 启动定时任务

案例中使用硬编码方式调用 schedulerFactoryBean.start() 启动线程服务。线程的协作通过Object sigLock来实现,关于sigLock.wait()方法都在QuartzSchedulerThread的run方法里面,所以sigLock唤醒的是只有线程QuartzSchedulerThread。核心流程如下;

微信公众号:bugstack虫洞栈 & 调度启动流程

这个启动过程中,核心的代码类,如下;

  • StdScheduler
  • QuartzScheduler
  • QuartzSchedulerThread
  • ThreadPool
  • RAMJobStore
  • CronTriggerImpl
  • JobRunShellFactory

QuartzScheduler.start() & 启动

public void start() throws SchedulerException {

    if (shuttingDown|| closed) {
        throw new SchedulerException(
                "The Scheduler cannot be restarted after shutdown() has been called.");
    }
	
    // QTZ-212 : calling new schedulerStarting() method on the listeners
    // right after entering start()
    notifySchedulerListenersStarting();
    
	if (initialStart == null) {
        initialStart = new Date();
        this.resources.getJobStore().schedulerStarted();            
        startPlugins();
    } else {
        resources.getJobStore().schedulerResumed();
    }
	
    // 唤醒线程
	schedThread.togglePause(false);
	
    getLog().info(
            "Scheduler " + resources.getUniqueIdentifier() + " started.");
    
    notifySchedulerListenersStarted();
}

QuartzSchedulerThread.run() & 执行过程

@Override
public void run() {
    int acquiresFailed = 0;
	
	// 只有调用了halt()方法,才会退出这个死循环
    while (!halted.get()) {
        try {
			
			// 一、如果是暂停状态,则循环超时等待1000毫秒

            // wait a bit, if reading from job store is consistently failing (e.g. DB is down or restarting)..
           
		    // 阻塞直到有空闲的线程可用并返回可用的数量
            int availThreadCount = qsRsrcs.getThreadPool().blockForAvailableThreads();
            if(availThreadCount > 0) {
			
                List<OperableTrigger> triggers;
                long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
                clearSignaledSchedulingChange();
                
				try {
					// 二、获取acquire状态的Trigger列表,也就是即将执行的任务
                    triggers = qsRsrcs.getJobStore().acquireNextTriggers(
                            now + idleWaitTime, Math.min(availThreadCount, qsRsrcs.getMaxBat
                    acquiresFailed = 0;
                    if (log.isDebugEnabled())
                        log.debug("batch acquisition of " + (triggers == null ? 0 : triggers
                } catch(){//...}
				
                if (triggers != null && !triggers.isEmpty()) {
                    
					// 三:获取List第一个Trigger的下次触发时刻
					long triggerTime = triggers.get(0).getNextFireTime().getTime();
                    
					// 四:获取任务触发集合
					List<TriggerFiredResult> res = qsRsrcs.getJobStore().triggersFired(triggers);
					
					// 五:设置Triggers为'executing'状态
					qsRsrcs.getJobStore().releaseAcquiredTrigger(triggers.get(i));
                    
					// 六:创建JobRunShell
					qsRsrcs.getJobRunShellFactory().createJobRunShell(bndle);
					
					// 七:执行Job
					qsRsrcs.getThreadPool().runInThread(shell)
					
                    continue; // while (!halted)
                }
            } else { // if(availThreadCount > 0)
                // should never happen, if threadPool.blockForAvailableThreads() follows con
                continue; // while (!halted)
            }
			
            
        } catch(RuntimeException re) {
            getLog().error("Runtime error occurred in main trigger firing loop.", re);
        }
    }
    
    qs = null;
    qsRsrcs = null;
}
  • 源码391行: 创建JobRunShell,JobRunShell实例在initialize()方法就会把包含业务逻辑类的JobDetailImpl设置为它的成员属性,为后面执行业务逻辑代码做准备。执行业务逻辑代码在runInThread(shell)方法里面。

    QuartzSchedulerThread.run() & 部分代码

    JobRunShell shell = null;
    try {
    	shell = qsRsrcs.getJobRunShellFactory().createJobRunShell(bndle);
    	shell.initialize(qs);
    } catch (SchedulerException se) {
    	qsRsrcs.getJobStore().triggeredJobComplete(triggers.get(i), bndle.getJobDetail(), CompletedExecutionInstruction.SET_ALL_JOB_TRIGGERS_ERROR);
    	continue;
    }
    
  • 源码398行: qsRsrcs.getThreadPool().runInThread(shell)

    SimpleThreadPool.runInThread

    // 保存所有WorkerThread的集合
    private List<WorkerThread> workers;
    // 空闲的WorkerThread集合
    private LinkedList<WorkerThread> availWorkers = new LinkedList<WorkerThread>();
    // 任务的WorkerThread集合
    private LinkedList<WorkerThread> busyWorkers = new LinkedList<WorkerThread>();
    
    /**
     * 维护workers、availWorkers和busyWorkers三个列表数据
     * 有任务需要一个线程出来执行:availWorkers.removeFirst();busyWorkers.add()
     * 然后调用WorkThread.run(runnable)方法
     */
    public boolean runInThread(Runnable runnable) {
    	if (runnable == null) {
    		return false;
    	}
    
    	synchronized (nextRunnableLock) {
    
    		handoffPending = true;
    
    		// Wait until a worker thread is available
    		while ((availWorkers.size() < 1) && !isShutdown) {
    			try {
    				nextRunnableLock.wait(500);
    			} catch (InterruptedException ignore) {
    			}
    		}
    
    		if (!isShutdown) {
    			WorkerThread wt = (WorkerThread)availWorkers.removeFirst();
    			busyWorkers.add(wt);
    			wt.run(runnable);
    		} else {
    			// If the thread pool is going down, execute the Runnable
    			// within a new additional worker thread (no thread from the pool).
    			
    			WorkerThread wt = new WorkerThread(this, threadGroup,
    					"WorkerThread-LastJob", prio, isMakeThreadsDaemons(), runnable);
    			busyWorkers.add(wt);
    			workers.add(wt);
    			wt.start();
    		}
    		nextRunnableLock.notifyAll();
    		handoffPending = false;
    	}
    
    	return true;
    }
    
  • 源码428行: WorkerThread ,是一个内部类,主要是赋值并唤醒lock对象的等待线程队列

    WorkerThread.run(Runnable newRunnable)

    public void run(Runnable newRunnable) {
    	synchronized(lock) {
    		if(runnable != null) {
    			throw new IllegalStateException("Already running a Runnable!");
    		}
    		runnable = newRunnable;
    		lock.notifyAll();
    	}
    }
    
  • 源码561行: WorkerThread 的run方法,方法执行lock.notifyAll()后,对应的WorkerThread就会来到run()方法。到这!接近曙光了!终于来到了执行业务的execute()方法的倒数第二步,runnable对象是一个JobRunShell对象,下面在看JobRunShell.run()方法。

    WorkerThread.run()

    @Override
    public void run() {
    	boolean ran = false;
    	
    	while (run.get()) {
    		try {
    			synchronized(lock) {
    				while (runnable == null && run.get()) {
    					lock.wait(500);
    				}
    				if (runnable != null) {
    					ran = true;
    					// 启动真正执行的内容,runnable就是JobRunShell
    					runnable.run();
    				}
    			}
    		} cache(){//...}
    	}
    	//if (log.isDebugEnabled())
    	try {
    		getLog().debug("WorkerThread is shut down.");
    	} catch(Exception e) {
    		// ignore to help with a tomcat glitch
    	}
    }
    

JobRunShell.run() & 从上面WorkerThread.run(),调用到这里执行

public void run() {
    qs.addInternalSchedulerListener(this);

    try {
        OperableTrigger trigger = (OperableTrigger) jec.getTrigger();
        JobDetail jobDetail = jec.getJobDetail();

        do {
            // ...

            long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
            long endTime = startTime;

            // execute the job
            try {
                log.debug("Calling execute on job " + jobDetail.getKey());
                
				// 执行业务代码,也就是我们的task
				job.execute(jec);
                
				endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
            } catch (JobExecutionException jee) {
                endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
                jobExEx = jee;
                getLog().info("Job " + jobDetail.getKey() +
                        " threw a JobExecutionException: ", jobExEx);
            } catch (Throwable e) {
                endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
                getLog().error("Job " + jobDetail.getKey() +
                        " threw an unhandled Exception: ", e);
                SchedulerException se = new SchedulerException(
                        "Job threw an unhandled exception.", e);
                qs.notifySchedulerListenersError("Job ("
                        + jec.getJobDetail().getKey()
                        + " threw an exception.", se);
                jobExEx = new JobExecutionException(se, false);
            }

            jec.setJobRunTime(endTime - startTime);

            // 其他代码
        } while (true);

    } finally {
        qs.removeInternalSchedulerListener(this);
    }
}

QuartzJobBean.execte() & 继续往下走

public final void execute(JobExecutionContext context) throws JobExecutionException {
	try {
		BeanWrapper bw = PropertyAccessorFactory.forBeanPropertyAccess(this);
		MutablePropertyValues pvs = new MutablePropertyValues();
		pvs.addPropertyValues(context.getScheduler().getContext());
		pvs.addPropertyValues(context.getMergedJobDataMap());
		bw.setPropertyValues(pvs, true);
	}
	catch (SchedulerException ex) {
		throw new JobExecutionException(ex);
	}
	executeInternal(context);
}

MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean->MethodInvokingJob.executeInternal(JobExecutionContext context)

protected void executeInternal(JobExecutionContext context) throws JobExecutionException {
	try {
		// 反射执行业务代码
		context.setResult(this.methodInvoker.invoke());
	}
	catch (InvocationTargetException ex) {
		if (ex.getTargetException() instanceof JobExecutionException) {
			// -> JobExecutionException, to be logged at info level by Quartz
			throw (JobExecutionException) ex.getTargetException();
		}
		else {
			// -> "unhandled exception", to be logged at error level by Quartz
			throw new JobMethodInvocationFailedException(this.methodInvoker, ex.getTargetException());
		}
	}
	catch (Exception ex) {
		// -> "unhandled exception", to be logged at error level by Quartz
		throw new JobMethodInvocationFailedException(this.methodInvoker, ex);
	}
}

五、综上总结

  • quartz,即石英的意思,隐喻如石英钟般对时间的准确把握。
  • 源码分析是一个很快乐的过程,这个快乐是分析完才能获得的快乐。纵横交互的背后是面向对象的高度解耦,对线程精彩的使用,将任务执行做成计划单,简直是一个超级棒的作品。
  • 对于quartz.properties,简单场景下,开发者不用自定义配置,使用quartz默认配置即可,但在要求较高的使用场景中还是要自定义配置,比如通过org.quartz.threadPool.threadCount设置足够的线程数可提高多job场景下的运行性能。
  • quartz 对任务处理高度解耦,job与trigger解藕,将任务本身和任务执行策略解藕,这样可以方便实现N个任务和M个执行策略自由组合。
  • scheduler单独分离出来,相当于一个指挥官,可以从全局做调度,比如监听哪些trigger已经ready、分配线程等等。
  • 外部链接:
    • http://www.quartz-scheduler.org
    • quartz-2.1.x/configuration

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