04、Android--Retrofit原理解析
2021/6/29 6:20:31
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Retrofit原理
Retrofit的创建过程
当我们使用Retrofit请求网络时,首先要写请求接口:
public interface ApiService { @GET("getInfo.php?ip=59.105.23.12") Call<IpModel> getIpMsg(); }
接着,我们通过调用如下代码来创建Retrofit:
Retrofit retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder() .baseUrl(url) .addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create()) .build();
Retrofit是通过建造者模式构建出来的。接下来查看Builder方法:
public Builder() { this(Platform.get()); }
查看Platform的get方法,如下所示:
private static final Platform PLATFORM = findPlatform(); static Platform get() { return PLATFORM; } private static Platform findPlatform() { try { Class.forName("android.os.Build"); if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT != 0) { return new Platform.Android(); } } catch (ClassNotFoundException ignored) { } try { Class.forName("java.util.Optional"); return new Platform.Java8(); } catch (ClassNotFoundException ignored) { } try { Class.forName("org.robovm.apple.foundation.NSObject"); return new Platform.IOS(); } catch (ClassNotFoundException ignored) { } return new Platform(); }
Platform的get方法最终调用的是findPlatform方法,根据不同的运行平台来提供不同的线程池。
接下来查看build方法,代码如下所示
public Retrofit build() { // baseUrl 是必须指定的 if (baseUrl == null) { throw new IllegalStateException("Base URL required."); } // callFactory 默认为this.callFactory okhttp3.Call.Factory callFactory = this.callFactory; if (callFactory == null) { // 如果没有设置callFactory,则直接创建 OkHttpClient callFactory = new OkHttpClient(); } Executor callbackExecutor = this.callbackExecutor; if (callbackExecutor == null) { // 重点标记 callbackExecutor = platform.defaultCallbackExecutor(); } // adapterFactories主要用于存储对Call进行转化的对象 List<CallAdapter.Factory> adapterFactories = new ArrayList<>(this.adapterFactories); adapterFactories.add(platform.defaultCallAdapterFactory(callbackExecutor)); // 的converterFactories主要用于存储转化数据对象 List<Converter.Factory> converterFactories = new ArrayList<>(this.converterFactories); return new Retrofit(callFactory, baseUrl, converterFactories, adapterFactories, callbackExecutor, validateEagerly); }
this.callFactory就是我们在构建Retrofit时调用callFactory方法所传进来的,如下所示:
public Retrofit.Builder callFactory(okhttp3.Call.Factory factory) { this.callFactory = checkNotNull(factory, "factory == null"); return this; }
因此,如果需要对 OkHttpClient 进行设置,则可以构建 OkHttpClient 对象,然后调用callFactory方法将
设置好的OkHttpClient传进去。
Call的创建过程
下面我们创建Retrofit实例并调用如下代码来生成接口的动态代理对象:
ApiService apiService = retrofit.create(ApiService.class);
接下来看Retrofit的create方法,代码如下所示:
public <T> T create(final Class<T> service) { Utils.validateServiceInterface(service); if (validateEagerly) { eagerlyValidateMethods(service); } return (T) Proxy.newProxyInstance(service.getClassLoader(), new Class<?>[] { service }, new InvocationHandler() { private final Platform platform = Platform.get(); @Override public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object... args) throws Throwable { // method就是我们定义的getIpMsg方法。 if (method.getDeclaringClass() == Object.class) { return method.invoke(this, args); } if (platform.isDefaultMethod(method)) { return platform.invokeDefaultMethod(method, service, proxy, args); } // 创建OkHttpCall ServiceMethod serviceMethod = loadServiceMethod(method); OkHttpCall okHttpCall = new OkHttpCall<>(serviceMethod, args); // 创建 ExecutorCallbackCall,并传入OkHttpCall return serviceMethod.callAdapter.adapt(okHttpCall); } }); }
可以看到 create 方法返回了一个 Proxy.newProxyInstance 动态代理对象。
当我们调用IpService的 getIpMsg方法时,最终会调用InvocationHandler的invoke方法。它有三个参数:第一个是代理对象,第二个是调用的方法,第三个是方法的参数。
下面查看loadServiceMethod方法:
ServiceMethod loadServiceMethod(Method method) { ServiceMethod result; synchronized (serviceMethodCache) { result = serviceMethodCache.get(method); if (result == null) { result = new ServiceMethod.Builder(this, method).build(); serviceMethodCache.put(method, result); } } return result; }
里首先会从 serviceMethodCache 查询传入的方法是否有缓存。如果有,就用缓存的ServiceMethod;
如果没有,就创建一个,并加入 serviceMethodCache 缓存起来。
下面看ServiceMethod是如何构建的,代码如下所示:
public ServiceMethod build() { // 最终会得到我们在构建Retrofit调用build方法时 adapterFactories添加的对象的get方法 callAdapter = createCallAdapter(); // CallAdapter的responseType得到的是返回数据的真实类型 responseType = callAdapter.responseType(); if (responseType == Response.class || responseType == okhttp3.Response.class) { throw methodError("'" + Utils.getRawType(responseType).getName() + "' is not a valid response body type. Did you mean ResponseBody?"); } // 遍历converterFactories列表中存储的Converter.Factory,并返回合适的Converter用来转换对象。 responseConverter = createResponseConverter(); // 遍历parseMethodAnnotation方法来对请求方式(比如GET、POST)和请求地址进行解析。 for (Annotation annotation : methodAnnotations) { parseMethodAnnotation(annotation); } ...... int parameterCount = parameterAnnotationsArray.length; parameterHandlers = new ParameterHandler<?>[parameterCount]; for (int p = 0; p < parameterCount; p++) { Type parameterType = parameterTypes[p]; if (Utils.hasUnresolvableType(parameterType)) { throw parameterError(p, "Parameter type must not include a type variable or wildcard: %s", parameterType); } // 对方法中的参数注解进行解析(比如@Query、@Part)。 Annotation[] parameterAnnotations = parameterAnnotationsArray[p]; if (parameterAnnotations == null) { throw parameterError(p, "No Retrofit annotation found."); } parameterHandlers[p] = parseParameter(p, parameterType, parameterAnnotations); } ...... // 创建ServiceMethod类并返回。 return new ServiceMethod<>(this); }
在前面Retrofit的build方法中,adapterFactories 列表默认会添加 defaultCallAdapterFactory。
CallAdapter.Factory defaultCallAdapterFactory(Executor callbackExecutor) { if (callbackExecutor != null) { return new ExecutorCallAdapterFactory(callbackExecutor); } return DefaultCallAdapterFactory.INSTANCE; }
defaultCallAdapterFactory指的是ExecutorCallAdapterFactory。 ExecutorCallAdapterFactory的get方法如下所示:
@Override public CallAdapter<Call<?>> get(Type returnType, Annotation[] annotations, Retrofit retrofit) { if (getRawType(returnType) != Call.class) { return null; } final Type responseType = Utils.getCallResponseType(returnType); return new CallAdapter<Call<?>>() { // 返回真实数据类型ipModel @Override public Type responseType() { return responseType; } // adapt 方法会创建ExecutorCallbackCall,它会将call 的回调转发至UI线程。 @Override public <R> Call<R> adapt(Call<R> call) { return new ExecutorCallAdapterFactory.ExecutorCallbackCall<>(callbackExecutor, call); } }; }
get方法会得到CallAdapter对象,CallAdapter的responseType方法会返回数据的真实类型。
查看Retrofit的create方法,在调用了loadServiceMethod方法后会创建OkHttpCall,OkHttpCall 的构造方法只是进行了赋值操作。紧接着调用 serviceMethod.callAdapter.adapt(okHttpCall)。
其中,ExecutorCallbackCall的部分代码如下所示:
static final class ExecutorCallbackCall<T> implements Call<T> { final Executor callbackExecutor; final Call<T> delegate; ExecutorCallbackCall(Executor callbackExecutor, Call<T> delegate) { this.callbackExecutor = callbackExecutor; this.delegate = delegate; } @Override public void enqueue(final Callback<T> callback) { if (callback == null) throw new NullPointerException("callback == null"); delegate.enqueue(new Callback<T>() { @Override public void onResponse(Call<T> call, final Response<T> response) { callbackExecutor.execute(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { if (delegate.isCanceled()) { callback.onFailure(ExecutorCallAdapterFactory.ExecutorCallbackCall.this, new IOException("Canceled")); } else { callback.onResponse(ExecutorCallAdapterFactory.ExecutorCallbackCall.this, response); } } }); } @Override public void onFailure(Call<T> call, final Throwable t) { callbackExecutor.execute(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { callback.onFailure(ExecutorCallAdapterFactory.ExecutorCallbackCall.this, t); } }); } }); } ...... }
可以看出ExecutorCallbackCall是对Call的封装,它主要添加了通过callbackExecutor将请求回调到 UI 线
程。当我们得到 Call 对象后会调用它的 enqueue 方法,其实调用的是ExecutorCallbackCall的enqueue方法。
而从上面代码注释处可以看出ExecutorCallbackCall的enqueue方法最终调用的是delegate的enqueue方法。
delegate是传入的OkHttpCall。
Call的enqueue方法
下面我们就来查看OkHttpCall的enqueue方法,代码如下所示:
@Override public void enqueue(final Callback<T> callback) { if (callback == null) throw new NullPointerException("callback == null"); okhttp3.Call call; Throwable failure; ...... // 调用了okhttp3.Call类型的call的enqueue方法 call.enqueue(new okhttp3.Callback() { @Override public void onResponse(okhttp3.Call call, okhttp3.Response rawResponse) throws IOException { Response<T> response; try { // 重要标记 response = parseResponse(rawResponse); } catch (Throwable e) { callFailure(e); return; } callSuccess(response); } ...... }); }
我们再来看看parseResponse方法:
Response<T> parseResponse(okhttp3.Response rawResponse) throws IOException { ResponseBody rawBody = rawResponse.body(); ...... int code = rawResponse.code(); if (code < 200 || code >= 300) { try { // Buffer the entire body to avoid future I/O. ResponseBody bufferedBody = Utils.buffer(rawBody); return Response.error(bufferedBody, rawResponse); } finally { rawBody.close(); } } if (code == 204 || code == 205) { return Response.success(null, rawResponse); } OkHttpCall.ExceptionCatchingRequestBody catchingBody = new OkHttpCall.ExceptionCatchingRequestBody(rawBody); try { // 重要标记 T body = serviceMethod.toResponse(catchingBody); return Response.success(body, rawResponse); } catch (RuntimeException e) { catchingBody.throwIfCaught(); throw e; } }
根据返回的不同状态码code值来做不同的操作。接下来 看toResponse方法:
T toResponse(ResponseBody body) throws IOException { return responseConverter.convert(body); }
这个responseConverter就是此前讲过在ServiceMethod的build方法调用createResponseConverter方法返回
的 Converter。
在此前的例子中我们传入的是 GsonConverterFactory,因此可以查看GsonConverterFactory的
代码,如下所示:
public final class GsonConverterFactory extends Converter.Factory { ...... @Override public Converter<ResponseBody, ?> responseBodyConverter(Type type, Annotation[] annotations, Retrofit retrofit) { TypeAdapter<?> adapter = gson.getAdapter(TypeToken.get(type)); return new GsonResponseBodyConverter<>(gson, adapter); } ...... }
在GsonConverterFactory中有一个方法responseBodyConverter,它最终会创建GsonResponse- BodyConverter:
final class GsonResponseBodyConverter<T> implements Converter<ResponseBody, T> { private final Gson gson; private final TypeAdapter<T> adapter; GsonResponseBodyConverter(Gson gson, TypeAdapter<T> adapter) { this.gson = gson; this.adapter = adapter; } @Override public T convert(ResponseBody value) throws IOException { JsonReader jsonReader = gson.newJsonReader(value.charStream()); try { return adapter.read(jsonReader); } finally { value.close(); } } }
在GsonResponseBodyConverter的convert方法里会将回调的数据转换为JSON格式。
此前调用responseConverter.convert是为了转换为特定的数据格式。Call的enqueue方法主要做的就是用OkHttp来请求网络,将返回的Response进行数据转换并回调给UI线程。
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