wxPython 俄罗斯方块游戏
2021/7/4 11:23:00
本文主要是介绍wxPython 俄罗斯方块游戏，对大家解决编程问题具有一定的参考价值，需要的程序猿们随着小编来一起学习吧！
https://zetcode.com/wxpython/thetetrisgame/
俄罗斯方块游戏是有史以来最受欢迎的电脑游戏之一。最初的游戏是由俄罗斯程序员Alexey Pajitnov于 1985 年设计和编程的。从那时起，俄罗斯方块几乎可以在每个计算机平台上以多种形式出现。
俄罗斯方块被称为落块益智游戏。在这个游戏中，我们有七种不同的形状，称为四联：S 形、Z 形、T 形、L 形、线形、镜像 L 形和方形。这些形状中的每一个都由四个正方形形成。形状正在从板上掉下来。俄罗斯方块游戏的目标是移动和旋转形状，使它们尽可能适合。如果我们设法形成一行，该行就会被破坏，我们就会得分。我们玩俄罗斯方块游戏，直到我们达到顶峰。
图：Tetromino
wxPython 是一个旨在创建应用程序的工具包。还有其他一些库旨在创建计算机游戏。尽管如此，wxPython 和其他应用程序工具包可用于创建游戏。
发展历程
我们没有俄罗斯方块游戏的图像，我们使用 wxPython 中可用的绘图 API 绘制四联体。每个电脑游戏的背后，都有一个数学模型。所以它是在俄罗斯方块。
游戏背后的一些想法：
- 我们
wx.Timer用来创建一个游戏循环 - 绘制了四联体
- 形状在一个正方形的基础上移动（而不是一个像素一个像素）
- 在数学上，棋盘是一个简单的数字列表
#!/usr/bin/python
"""
ZetCode wxPython tutorial
This is Tetris game clone in wxPython.
author: Jan Bodnar
website: www.zetcode.com
last modified: April 2018
"""
import wx
import random
class Tetris(wx.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent):
wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent, size=(320, 740),
style=wx.DEFAULT_FRAME_STYLE ^ wx.RESIZE_BORDER ^ wx.MAXIMIZE_BOX)
self.initFrame()
def initFrame(self):
self.statusbar = self.CreateStatusBar()
self.statusbar.SetStatusText('0')
self.board = Board(self)
self.board.SetFocus()
self.board.start()
self.SetTitle("Tetris")
self.Centre()
class Board(wx.Panel):
BoardWidth = 10
BoardHeight = 22
Speed = 300
ID_TIMER = 1
def __init__(self, parent):
wx.Panel.__init__(self, parent, style=wx.WANTS_CHARS)
self.initBoard()
def initBoard(self):
self.timer = wx.Timer(self, Board.ID_TIMER)
self.isWaitingAfterLine = False
self.curPiece = Shape()
self.nextPiece = Shape()
self.curX = 0
self.curY = 0
self.numLinesRemoved = 0
self.board = []
self.isStarted = False
self.isPaused = False
self.Bind(wx.EVT_PAINT, self.OnPaint)
self.Bind(wx.EVT_KEY_DOWN, self.OnKeyDown)
self.Bind(wx.EVT_TIMER, self.OnTimer, id=Board.ID_TIMER)
self.clearBoard()
def shapeAt(self, x, y):
return self.board[(y * Board.BoardWidth) + x]
def setShapeAt(self, x, y, shape):
self.board[(y * Board.BoardWidth) + x] = shape
def squareWidth(self):
return self.GetClientSize().GetWidth() // Board.BoardWidth
def squareHeight(self):
return self.GetClientSize().GetHeight() // Board.BoardHeight
def start(self):
if self.isPaused:
return
self.isStarted = True
self.isWaitingAfterLine = False
self.numLinesRemoved = 0
self.clearBoard()
self.newPiece()
self.timer.Start(Board.Speed)
def pause(self):
if not self.isStarted:
return
self.isPaused = not self.isPaused
statusbar = self.GetParent().statusbar
if self.isPaused:
self.timer.Stop()
statusbar.SetStatusText('paused')
else:
self.timer.Start(Board.Speed)
statusbar.SetStatusText(str(self.numLinesRemoved))
self.Refresh()
def clearBoard(self):
for i in range(Board.BoardHeight * Board.BoardWidth):
self.board.append(Tetrominoes.NoShape)
def OnPaint(self, event):
dc = wx.PaintDC(self)
size = self.GetClientSize()
boardTop = size.GetHeight() - Board.BoardHeight * self.squareHeight()
for i in range(Board.BoardHeight):
for j in range(Board.BoardWidth):
shape = self.shapeAt(j, Board.BoardHeight - i - 1)
if shape != Tetrominoes.NoShape:
self.drawSquare(dc,
0 + j * self.squareWidth(),
boardTop + i * self.squareHeight(), shape)
if self.curPiece.shape() != Tetrominoes.NoShape:
for i in range(4):
x = self.curX + self.curPiece.x(i)
y = self.curY - self.curPiece.y(i)
self.drawSquare(dc, 0 + x * self.squareWidth(),
boardTop + (Board.BoardHeight - y - 1) * self.squareHeight(),
self.curPiece.shape())
def OnKeyDown(self, event):
if not self.isStarted or self.curPiece.shape() == Tetrominoes.NoShape:
event.Skip()
return
keycode = event.GetKeyCode()
if keycode == ord('P') or keycode == ord('p'):
self.pause()
return
if self.isPaused:
return
elif keycode == wx.WXK_LEFT:
self.tryMove(self.curPiece, self.curX - 1, self.curY)
elif keycode == wx.WXK_RIGHT:
self.tryMove(self.curPiece, self.curX + 1, self.curY)
elif keycode == wx.WXK_DOWN:
self.tryMove(self.curPiece.rotatedRight(), self.curX, self.curY)
elif keycode == wx.WXK_UP:
self.tryMove(self.curPiece.rotatedLeft(), self.curX, self.curY)
elif keycode == wx.WXK_SPACE:
self.dropDown()
elif keycode == ord('D') or keycode == ord('d'):
self.oneLineDown()
else:
event.Skip()
def OnTimer(self, event):
if event.GetId() == Board.ID_TIMER:
if self.isWaitingAfterLine:
self.isWaitingAfterLine = False
self.newPiece()
else:
self.oneLineDown()
else:
event.Skip()
def dropDown(self):
newY = self.curY
while newY > 0:
if not self.tryMove(self.curPiece, self.curX, newY - 1):
break
newY -= 1
self.pieceDropped()
def oneLineDown(self):
if not self.tryMove(self.curPiece, self.curX, self.curY - 1):
self.pieceDropped()
def pieceDropped(self):
for i in range(4):
x = self.curX + self.curPiece.x(i)
y = self.curY - self.curPiece.y(i)
self.setShapeAt(x, y, self.curPiece.shape())
self.removeFullLines()
if not self.isWaitingAfterLine:
self.newPiece()
def removeFullLines(self):
numFullLines = 0
statusbar = self.GetParent().statusbar
rowsToRemove = []
for i in range(Board.BoardHeight):
n = 0
for j in range(Board.BoardWidth):
if not self.shapeAt(j, i) == Tetrominoes.NoShape:
n = n + 1
if n == 10:
rowsToRemove.append(i)
rowsToRemove.reverse()
for m in rowsToRemove:
for k in range(m, Board.BoardHeight):
for l in range(Board.BoardWidth):
self.setShapeAt(l, k, self.shapeAt(l, k + 1))
numFullLines = numFullLines + len(rowsToRemove)
if numFullLines > 0:
self.numLinesRemoved = self.numLinesRemoved + numFullLines
statusbar.SetStatusText(str(self.numLinesRemoved))
self.isWaitingAfterLine = True
self.curPiece.setShape(Tetrominoes.NoShape)
self.Refresh()
def newPiece(self):
self.curPiece = self.nextPiece
statusbar = self.GetParent().statusbar
self.nextPiece.setRandomShape()
self.curX = Board.BoardWidth // 2 + 1
self.curY = Board.BoardHeight - 1 + self.curPiece.minY()
if not self.tryMove(self.curPiece, self.curX, self.curY):
self.curPiece.setShape(Tetrominoes.NoShape)
self.timer.Stop()
self.isStarted = False
statusbar.SetStatusText('Game over')
def tryMove(self, newPiece, newX, newY):
for i in range(4):
x = newX + newPiece.x(i)
y = newY - newPiece.y(i)
if x < 0 or x >= Board.BoardWidth or y < 0 or y >= Board.BoardHeight:
return False
if self.shapeAt(x, y) != Tetrominoes.NoShape:
return False
self.curPiece = newPiece
self.curX = newX
self.curY = newY
self.Refresh()
return True
def drawSquare(self, dc, x, y, shape):
colors = ['#000000', '#CC6666', '#66CC66', '#6666CC',
'#CCCC66', '#CC66CC', '#66CCCC', '#DAAA00']
light = ['#000000', '#F89FAB', '#79FC79', '#7979FC',
'#FCFC79', '#FC79FC', '#79FCFC', '#FCC600']
dark = ['#000000', '#803C3B', '#3B803B', '#3B3B80',
'#80803B', '#803B80', '#3B8080', '#806200']
pen = wx.Pen(light[shape])
pen.SetCap(wx.CAP_PROJECTING)
dc.SetPen(pen)
dc.DrawLine(x, y + self.squareHeight() - 1, x, y)
dc.DrawLine(x, y, x + self.squareWidth() - 1, y)
darkpen = wx.Pen(dark[shape])
darkpen.SetCap(wx.CAP_PROJECTING)
dc.SetPen(darkpen)
dc.DrawLine(x + 1, y + self.squareHeight() - 1,
x + self.squareWidth() - 1, y + self.squareHeight() - 1)
dc.DrawLine(x + self.squareWidth() - 1,
y + self.squareHeight() - 1, x + self.squareWidth() - 1, y + 1)
dc.SetPen(wx.TRANSPARENT_PEN)
dc.SetBrush(wx.Brush(colors[shape]))
dc.DrawRectangle(x + 1, y + 1, self.squareWidth() - 2,
self.squareHeight() - 2)
class Tetrominoes(object):
NoShape = 0
ZShape = 1
SShape = 2
LineShape = 3
TShape = 4
SquareShape = 5
LShape = 6
MirroredLShape = 7
class Shape(object):
coordsTable = (
((0, 0), (0, 0), (0, 0), (0, 0)),
((0, -1), (0, 0), (-1, 0), (-1, 1)),
((0, -1), (0, 0), (1, 0), (1, 1)),
((0, -1), (0, 0), (0, 1), (0, 2)),
((-1, 0), (0, 0), (1, 0), (0, 1)),
((0, 0), (1, 0), (0, 1), (1, 1)),
((-1, -1), (0, -1), (0, 0), (0, 1)),
((1, -1), (0, -1), (0, 0), (0, 1))
)
def __init__(self):
self.coords = [[0, 0] for i in range(4)]
self.pieceShape = Tetrominoes.NoShape
self.setShape(Tetrominoes.NoShape)
def shape(self):
return self.pieceShape
def setShape(self, shape):
table = Shape.coordsTable[shape]
for i in range(4):
for j in range(2):
self.coords[i][j] = table[i][j]
self.pieceShape = shape
def setRandomShape(self):
self.setShape(random.randint(1, 7))
def x(self, index):
return self.coords[index][0]
def y(self, index):
return self.coords[index][1]
def setX(self, index, x):
self.coords[index][0] = x
def setY(self, index, y):
self.coords[index][1] = y
def minX(self):
m = self.coords[0][0]
for i in range(4):
m = min(m, self.coords[i][0])
return m
def maxX(self):
m = self.coords[0][0]
for i in range(4):
m = max(m, self.coords[i][0])
return m
def minY(self):
m = self.coords[0][1]
for i in range(4):
m = min(m, self.coords[i][1])
return m
def maxY(self):
m = self.coords[0][1]
for i in range(4):
m = max(m, self.coords[i][1])
return m
def rotatedLeft(self):
if self.pieceShape == Tetrominoes.SquareShape:
return self
result = Shape()
result.pieceShape = self.pieceShape
for i in range(4):
result.setX(i, self.y(i))
result.setY(i, -self.x(i))
return result
def rotatedRight(self):
if self.pieceShape == Tetrominoes.SquareShape:
return self
result = Shape()
result.pieceShape = self.pieceShape
for i in range(4):
result.setX(i, -self.y(i))
result.setY(i, self.x(i))
return result
def main():
app = wx.App()
ex = Tetris(None)
ex.Show()
app.MainLoop()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
游戏被简化了一点，以便更容易理解。它在应用程序启动后立即启动。我们可以通过按键暂停游戏p。该Space键迅速降低下落俄罗斯方块片的底部。该d键下降的一块一行。（可用于加速下落。）游戏以匀速运行，不实现加速。分数是我们删除的行数。
def __init__(self, *args, **kw):
super(Board, self).__init__(*args, **kw)
Windows 用户的注意事项。如果您不能使用箭头键，请添加 style=wx.WANTS_CHARS到板构造函数中。
... self.curX = 0 self.curY = 0 self.numLinesRemoved = 0 self.board = [] ...
在我们开始游戏循环之前，我们初始化一些重要的变量。的self.board变量是数字的列表从0 ... 7，它表示各种形状和在板形状的遗体的位置。
for i in range(Board.BoardHeight):
for j in range(Board.BoardWidth):
shape = self.shapeAt(j, Board.BoardHeight - i - 1)
if shape != Tetrominoes.NoShape:
self.drawSquare(dc,
0 + j * self.squareWidth(),
boardTop + i * self.squareHeight(), shape)
游戏的绘画分为两个步骤。在第一步中，我们绘制所有的形状，或已经落到板底的形状的剩余部分。所有的方块都被记住在self.board列表变量中。我们使用shapeAt()方法访问它。
if self.curPiece.shape() != Tetrominoes.NoShape:
for i in range(4):
x = self.curX + self.curPiece.x(i)
y = self.curY - self.curPiece.y(i)
self.drawSquare(dc, 0 + x * self.squareWidth(),
boardTop + (Board.BoardHeight - y - 1) * self.squareHeight(),
self.curPiece.shape())
下一步是绘制正在坠落的实际部分。
elif keycode == wx.WXK_LEFT:
self.tryMove(self.curPiece, self.curX - 1, self.curY)
在OnKeyDown()方法中，我们检查按下的键。如果我们按下向左箭头键，我们会尝试将棋子向左移动。我们说尝试是因为这件作品可能无法移动。
def tryMove(self, newPiece, newX, newY):
for i in range(4):
x = newX + newPiece.x(i)
y = newY - newPiece.y(i)
if x < 0 or x >= Board.BoardWidth or y < 0 or y >= Board.BoardHeight:
return False
if self.shapeAt(x, y) != Tetrominoes.NoShape:
return False
self.curPiece = newPiece
self.curX = newX
self.curY = newY
self.Refresh()
return True
在该tryMove()方法中，我们尝试移动我们的形状。如果形状在棋盘的边缘或与其他棋子相邻，我们返回False；否则，我们将当前下落的棋子放到新位置并返回True。
def OnTimer(self, event):
if event.GetId() == Board.ID_TIMER:
if self.isWaitingAfterLine:
self.isWaitingAfterLine = False
self.newPiece()
else:
self.oneLineDown()
else:
event.Skip()
在该OnTimer()方法中，我们要么创建一个新的棋子，在前一个棋子落到底部之后，要么我们将下落的棋子向下移动一行。
def removeFullLines(self):
numFullLines = 0
rowsToRemove = []
for i in range(Board.BoardHeight):
n = 0
for j in range(Board.BoardWidth):
if not self.shapeAt(j, i) == Tetrominoes.NoShape:
n = n + 1
if n == 10:
rowsToRemove.append(i)
rowsToRemove.reverse()
for m in rowsToRemove:
for k in range(m, Board.BoardHeight):
for l in range(Board.BoardWidth):
self.setShapeAt(l, k, self.shapeAt(l, k + 1))
...
如果碎片击中底部，我们调用该removeFullLines()方法。首先，我们找出所有完整的行并删除它们。我们通过将当前整行上方的所有行移动到下一行来实现。请注意，我们颠倒了要删除的行的顺序。否则，它将无法正常工作。在我们的例子中，我们使用了一个朴素的引力。这意味着这些碎片可能漂浮在空白间隙上方。
def newPiece(self):
self.curPiece = self.nextPiece
statusbar = self.GetParent().statusbar
self.nextPiece.setRandomShape()
self.curX = Board.BoardWidth / 2 + 1
self.curY = Board.BoardHeight - 1 + self.curPiece.minY()
if not self.tryMove(self.curPiece, self.curX, self.curY):
self.curPiece.setShape(Tetrominoes.NoShape)
self.timer.Stop()
self.isStarted = False
statusbar.SetStatusText('Game over')
该newPiece()方法随机创建一个新的俄罗斯方块。如果棋子不能进入其初始位置，则游戏结束。
该Shape级扑救关于俄罗斯方块的资料片。
self.coords = [[0,0] for i in range(4)]
创建时，我们创建一个空的坐标列表。该列表将保存俄罗斯方块的坐标。例如，元组 (0, -1), (0, 0), (-1, 0), (-1, -1) 表示旋转的 S 形。下图说明了形状。
图：坐标
当我们绘制当前下落的棋子时，我们在self.curX和 处绘制它self.curY position。然后我们查看坐标表并绘制所有四个正方形。
图：俄罗斯方块
这是 wxPython 中的俄罗斯方块游戏。
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