[SAA] Exam Tips 1

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Cost 

"It turns out that S3TA did not result in an accelerated transfer." Because we only pay the data transfer out from S3 and the data has been accelerated transfer. So if no acceleration, then no need to pay anything.

Direct connect requires at least one month to setup. Over two weeks limits

Snowball can handle 80TB data per each. Ordering 10 should be enough.

S3 < EFS < EBS

With Amazon EFS, you pay only for the resources that you use. The EFS Standard Storage pricing is $0.30 per GB per month. Therefore the cost for storing the test file on EFS is $0.30 for the month.

For EBS General Purpose SSD (gp2) volumes, the charges are $0.10 per GB-month of provisioned storage. Therefore, for a provisioned storage of 100GB for this use-case, the monthly cost on EBS is $0.10*100 = $10. This cost is irrespective of how much storage is actually consumed by the test file.

For S3 Standard storage, the pricing is $0.023 per GB per month. Therefore, the monthly storage cost on S3 for the test file is $0.023.

Knows what

FSx for Lustre provides the ability to both process the 'hot data' in a parallel and distributed fashion as well as easily store the 'cold data' on Amazon S3. Therefore this option is the BEST fit for the given problem statement.

Global Accelerator improves performance for a wide range of applications over TCP or UDP by proxying packets at the edge to applications running in one or more AWS Regions. Global Accelerator is a good fit for non-HTTP use cases, such as gaming (UDP), IoT (MQTT), or Voice over IP, as well as for HTTP use cases that specifically require static IP addresses or deterministic, fast regional failover.

You can connect to Amazon EFS file systems from EC2 instances in other AWS regions using an inter-region VPC peering connection, and from on-premises servers using an AWS VPN connection. So this is the correct option.

The correct choice is to ingest the data in Kinesis Data Firehose and use a Lambda function to filter and transform the incoming data before the output is dumped on S3. This way you only store a sliced version of the data with only the relevant data attributes required for your model. Also it should be noted that this solution is entirely serverless and requires no infrastructure maintenance.

AWS Glue is a fully managed extract, transform, and load (ETL) service that makes it easy for customers to prepare and load their data for analytics. AWS Glue job is meant to be used for batch ETL data processing and it's not the right fit for a near real-time data processing use-case.

It is asking about Target group, EC2 is IP option, which is private IP

Know How

Websocket is stateful because it needs to remember who has been connected to the server

RESTApi is stateless because it doesn't need to know who send the request

Geo Restriction feature of CloudFront helps in restricting traffic based on the user's geographic location. But, CloudFront works from edge locations and doesn't belong to a VPC. Hence, this option itself is incorrect and given only as a distractor.

For Amazon Aurora, each Read Replica is associated with a priority tier (0-15). In the event of a failover, Amazon Aurora will promote the Read Replica that has the highest priority (the lowest numbered tier). If two or more Aurora Replicas share the same priority, then Amazon RDS promotes the replica that is largest in size. If two or more Aurora Replicas share the same priority and size, then Amazon Aurora promotes an arbitrary replica in the same promotion tier.

Therefore, for this problem statement, the Tier-1 (32TB) replica will be promoted.

Multi AZ - Synchronous replaication

Read replicats - Asynchronous replication

https://aws.amazon.com/rds/features/multi-az/

An Amazon Machine Image (AMI) provides the information required to launch an instance. You must specify an AMI when you launch an instance. When the new AMI is copied from region A into region B, it automatically creates a snapshot in region B because AMIs are based on the underlying snapshots.

Following are the unsupported life cycle transitions for S3 storage classes - Any storage class to the S3 Standard storage class. Any storage class to the Reduced Redundancy storage class. The S3 Intelligent-Tiering storage class to the S3 Standard-IA storage class. The S3 One Zone-IA storage class to the S3 Standard-IA or S3 Intelligent-Tiering storage classes.

https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/lifecycle-transition-general-considerations.html

Auto Scaling

[Y] You can put an instance that is in the InService state into the Standby state, update some software or troubleshoot the instance, and then return the instance to service. Instances that are on standby are still part of the Auto Scaling group, but they do not actively handle application traffic.

[Y] The ReplaceUnhealthy process terminates instances that are marked as unhealthy and then creates new instances to replace them. Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling stops replacing instances that are marked as unhealthy. Instances that fail EC2 or Elastic Load Balancing health checks are still marked as unhealthy. As soon as you resume the ReplaceUnhealthly process, Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling replaces instances that were marked unhealthy while this process was suspended.

[N] Taking the snapshot of the existing instance to create a new AMI and then creating a new instance in order to apply the maintenance patch is not time/resource optimal, hence this option is ruled out.

Target tracking: keep the average aggregate CPU utilization of your ASG at 50 precent

VPC

Use VPC security groups to control the network traffic to and from your file system. Yes VPC Security Group.

Amazon GuardDuty is a threat detection service that continuously monitors for malicious activity and unauthorized behavior to protect your AWS accounts, workloads, and data stored in Amazon S3. It cannot be used for access control to the EFS file system.

Limits

• SQS FIFO: 300 meessages per second, max 10 batch, so up to 3000 messages per second

One Zone-IA is ideal for customers who want a lower-cost option for infrequently accessed and re-creatable data but do not require the availability and resilience of S3 Standard or S3 Standard-IA. The minimum storage duration is 30 days before you can transition objects from S3 Standard to S3 One Zone-IA.

Security

You can use two AWS services to federate your workforce into AWS accounts and business applications: AWS Single Sign-On (SSO) or AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM). AWS SSO is a great choice to help you define federated access permissions for your users based on their group memberships in a single centralized directory.

If you use multiple directories or want to manage the permissions based on user attributes, consider AWS IAM as your design alternative.

Disabling the service will delete all remaining data, including your findings and configurations before relinquishing the service permissions and resetting the service. So, this is the correct option for our use case.

Amazon Inspector security assessments help you check for unintended network accessibility of your Amazon EC2 instances and for vulnerabilities on those EC2 instances. Amazon Inspector assessments are offered to you as pre-defined rules packages mapped to common security best practices and vulnerability definitions.

Remember

• GuardDuty: VPC Flow logs, DNS logs, CloudTrial events logs
• Snowball: 80TB
• S3 once enabled versioning, you cannot return to an unversioned state, you can only suspend versioning on that bucket
• KMS delete a CMK, will have a min of 7 days, up to 30 days waiting period

Amazon EBS Multi-Attach enables you to attach a single Provisioned IOPS SSD (io1 or io2) volume to multiple instances that are in the same Availability Zone. You can attach multiple Multi-Attach enabled volumes to an instance or set of instances.

 consolidated billing

Throughput Optimized HDD (st1) and Cold HDD (sc1) volume types CANNOT be used as a boot volume, so these two options are correct.

HPC: Cluster placement group

You can place a retention period on an object version either explicitly or through a bucket default setting. When you apply a retention period to an object version explicitly, you specify a Retain Until Date for the object version. Amazon S3 stores the Retain Until Date setting in the object version's metadata and protects the object version until the retention period expires.

 Like all other Object Lock settings, retention periods apply to individual object versions. Different versions of a single object can have different retention modes and periods.

For example, suppose that you have an object that is 15 days into a 30-day retention period, and you PUT an object into Amazon S3 with the same name and a 60-day retention period. In this case, your PUT succeeds, and Amazon S3 creates a new version of the object with a 60-day retention period. The older version maintains its original retention period and becomes deletable in 15 days.

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