docker常见命令

本文主要是介绍docker常见命令，对大家解决编程问题具有一定的参考价值，需要的程序猿们随着小编来一起学习吧！

注意：

docker使用后台运行，必须有一个前台进程，docker发现没有应用，就会自动停止；
nginx容器启动后，发现自己没有提供服务，就会立即停止，就是没有程序了。

1.查看日志

docker log -f -t --tail 10 容器

#shell 脚本
docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo rizhi;sleep 1;done"

查看日志

-tf ： #显示日志 t:时间戳 f:动态显示
–tail number # 要显示的日志条数

[root@VM-0-9-centos ~]# docker logs -tf --tail 10 3f818d81c23e
2021-08-24T14:22:30.123258831Z rizhi
2021-08-24T14:22:31.124990296Z rizhi
2021-08-24T14:22:32.126686655Z rizhi
2021-08-24T14:22:33.128395685Z rizhi
2021-08-24T14:22:34.130117944Z rizhi
2021-08-24T14:22:35.131881590Z rizhi
2021-08-24T14:22:36.133743533Z rizhi
2021-08-24T14:22:37.136511874Z rizhi
2021-08-24T14:22:38.137442775Z rizhi
2021-08-24T14:22:39.139236017Z rizhi
2021-08-24T14:22:40.141035656Z rizhi
2021-08-24T14:22:41.142850480Z rizhi
2021-08-24T14:22:42.144932998Z rizhi
2021-08-24T14:22:43.146684473Z rizhi

查看容器中的进程信息 ps

命令 docker top 容器id

[root@VM-0-9-centos ~]# docker top 3f818d81c23e
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                1496763             1496745             0                   22:20               ?                   00:00:00            /bin/sh -c while true;do echo rizhi;sleep 1;done
root                1498196             1496763             0                   22:26               ?                   00:00:00            /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1

查看镜像的元数据

docker inspect 容器id

[root@VM-0-9-centos ~]# docker inspect 3f818d81c23e
[
    {
        "Id": "3f818d81c23e68dbf46d9022e9693d72460db40f68a8bd3b07b57fcac1e016a4",
        "Created": "2021-08-24T14:20:14.532415456Z",
        "Path": "/bin/sh",
        "Args": [
            "-c",
            "while true;do echo rizhi;sleep 1;done"
        ],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 1496763,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2021-08-24T14:20:14.856594947Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:300e315adb2f96afe5f0b2780b87f28ae95231fe3bdd1e16b9ba606307728f55",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/3f818d81c23e68dbf46d9022e9693d72460db40f68a8bd3b07b57fcac1e016a4/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/3f818d81c23e68dbf46d9022e9693d72460db40f68a8bd3b07b57fcac1e016a4/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/3f818d81c23e68dbf46d9022e9693d72460db40f68a8bd3b07b57fcac1e016a4/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/3f818d81c23e68dbf46d9022e9693d72460db40f68a8bd3b07b57fcac1e016a4/3f818d81c23e68dbf46d9022e9693d72460db40f68a8bd3b07b57fcac1e016a4-json.log",
        "Name": "/unruffled_elgamal",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/389f807d7230a4c81797f454300f912737f696aa4b5cf29753a75a510ead643f-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/f1fa23a7c80519d2310bc03823a8b7f49b1995417c262e426aee026cb9e052b3/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/389f807d7230a4c81797f454300f912737f696aa4b5cf29753a75a510ead643f/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/389f807d7230a4c81797f454300f912737f696aa4b5cf29753a75a510ead643f/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/389f807d7230a4c81797f454300f912737f696aa4b5cf29753a75a510ead643f/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "3f818d81c23e",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/sh",
                "-c",
                "while true;do echo rizhi;sleep 1;done"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20201204",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "2bbff1d7c403e316862afc4682c0ddbaae5eb510b8297515fd9b9d4fbcbc945d",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/2bbff1d7c403",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "d0a4a5a7dcfa20c18b2892bbe2e6df23e1f7857e5d0b0a0c677b43b90fd784c4",
            "Gateway": "172.18.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.18.0.4",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:12:00:04",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "61e72818ec60a0e3a31c5ba57e82e033446e52aac5837926e0e2c8216572826b",
                    "EndpointID": "d0a4a5a7dcfa20c18b2892bbe2e6df23e1f7857e5d0b0a0c677b43b90fd784c4",
                    "Gateway": "172.18.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.18.0.4",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:12:00:04",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

进入当前正在运行的容器

我们通常容器都是使用后台方式运行，需要进入容器修改配置
命令
docker exec -it 容器di bashShell

# 方式1
[root@VM-0-9-centos ~]# docker exec -it 045a9b51b395 /bin/bash
root@045a9b51b395:/usr/local/tomcat# ps -ef
UID          PID    PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root           1       0  0 02:27 pts/0    00:00:39 /usr/local/openjdk-11/bin/java -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/usr/loc
root          27       0  0 14:39 pts/1    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root          34      27  0 14:39 pts/1    00:00:00 ps -ef
# 方式2
# docker attach 容器id
docker attach e160eb260ebd

docker exec ：进入容器后开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作（常用）
docker attach：进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的进程

从容器内拷贝文件到主机

[root@3f818d81c23e /]# cd /home/
#在容器内新建文件test.java
[root@3f818d81c23e home]# touch test.java
[root@3f818d81c23e home]# ls
test.java
[root@3f818d81c23e home]# exit
exit
[root@VM-0-9-centos ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS      NAMES
3f818d81c23e   centos    "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   32 minutes ago   Up 32 minutes              unruffled_elgamal
045a9b51b395   tomcat    "catalina.sh run"        12 hours ago     Up 12 hours     8080/tcp   tomcat
#容器内的 test.java 拷贝到主机
[root@VM-0-9-centos ~]# docker cp 3f818d81c23e:/home/test.java /home

拷贝是一个手动过程，未来使用-V卷的技术

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