Java动态代理底层实现

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Java实现源码

上一节我们提到了Java动态代理的使用，接下来我们看一下他的具体实现。

HelloInterface proxyHello = (HelloInterface) Proxy.newProxyInstance(helloInterface.getClass().getClassLoader(),helloInterface.getClass().getInterfaces(),handler);

他通过Proxy创建了一个代理类对象。我们查看一下具体的源码：

  public static Object newProxyInstance(ClassLoader loader,
                                          Class<?>[] interfaces,
                                          InvocationHandler h)
        throws IllegalArgumentException
    {
        Objects.requireNonNull(h);

        final Class<?>[] intfs = interfaces.clone();
        final SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
        if (sm != null) {
            checkProxyAccess(Reflection.getCallerClass(), loader, intfs);
        }

        /*
         * Look up or generate the designated proxy class.
         * 查找获取生成对应的代理类对象
         */
        Class<?> cl = getProxyClass0(loader, intfs);

        /*
         * Invoke its constructor with the designated invocation handler.
         */
        try {
            if (sm != null) {
                checkNewProxyPermission(Reflection.getCallerClass(), cl);
            }

            final Constructor<?> cons = cl.getConstructor(constructorParams);
            final InvocationHandler ih = h;
            if (!Modifier.isPublic(cl.getModifiers())) {
                AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Void>() {
                    public Void run() {
                        cons.setAccessible(true);
                        return null;
                    }
                });
            }
            return cons.newInstance(new Object[]{h});
        } catch (IllegalAccessException|InstantiationException e) {
            throw new InternalError(e.toString(), e);
        } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
            Throwable t = e.getCause();
            if (t instanceof RuntimeException) {
                throw (RuntimeException) t;
            } else {
                throw new InternalError(t.toString(), t);
            }
        } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
            throw new InternalError(e.toString(), e);
        }
    }

通过getProxyClass0查找或者生成代理类对象：

    private static Class<?> getProxyClass0(ClassLoader loader,
                                           Class<?>... interfaces) {
        // 如果接口数量大于65535 抛出错误
        if (interfaces.length > 65535) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("interface limit exceeded");
        }

        // If the proxy class defined by the given loader implementing
        // the given interfaces exists, this will simply return the cached copy;
        // otherwise, it will create the proxy class via the ProxyClassFactory
        // 如果对象已经存在于缓存中，直接返回；否则通过ProxyClassFactory生成。
        return proxyClassCache.get(loader, interfaces);
    }

ProxyClassFactory内部类创建、定义代理类：

private static final class ProxyClassFactory
        implements BiFunction<ClassLoader, Class<?>[], Class<?>>
    {
        // prefix for all proxy class names
        private static final String proxyClassNamePrefix = "$Proxy";

        // next number to use for generation of unique proxy class names
        private static final AtomicLong nextUniqueNumber = new AtomicLong();

        @Override
        public Class<?> apply(ClassLoader loader, Class<?>[] interfaces) {

            Map<Class<?>, Boolean> interfaceSet = new IdentityHashMap<>(interfaces.length);
            for (Class<?> intf : interfaces) {
                /*
                 * Verify that the class loader resolves the name of this
                 * interface to the same Class object.
                 */
                Class<?> interfaceClass = null;
                try {
                	// 根据接口创建对象
                    interfaceClass = Class.forName(intf.getName(), false, loader);
                } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
                }
                if (interfaceClass != intf) {
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                        intf + " is not visible from class loader");
                }
                /*
                 * Verify that the Class object actually represents an
                 * interface.
                 */
                if (!interfaceClass.isInterface()) {
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                        interfaceClass.getName() + " is not an interface");
                }
                /*
                 * Verify that this interface is not a duplicate.
                 */
                 // 将接口对象存入interfaceSet中
                if (interfaceSet.put(interfaceClass, Boolean.TRUE) != null) {
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                        "repeated interface: " + interfaceClass.getName());
                }
            }
			
            String proxyPkg = null;     // package to define proxy class in
            int accessFlags = Modifier.PUBLIC | Modifier.FINAL;

            /*
             * Record the package of a non-public proxy interface so that the
             * proxy class will be defined in the same package.  Verify that
             * all non-public proxy interfaces are in the same package.
             */
            for (Class<?> intf : interfaces) {
                int flags = intf.getModifiers();
                if (!Modifier.isPublic(flags)) {
                    accessFlags = Modifier.FINAL;
                    String name = intf.getName();
                    int n = name.lastIndexOf('.');
                    String pkg = ((n == -1) ? "" : name.substring(0, n + 1));
                    if (proxyPkg == null) {
                        proxyPkg = pkg;
                    } else if (!pkg.equals(proxyPkg)) {
                        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                            "non-public interfaces from different packages");
                    }
                }
            }

            if (proxyPkg == null) {
                // if no non-public proxy interfaces, use com.sun.proxy package
                proxyPkg = ReflectUtil.PROXY_PACKAGE + ".";
            }

            /*
             * Choose a name for the proxy class to generate.
             */
            long num = nextUniqueNumber.getAndIncrement();
            String proxyName = proxyPkg + proxyClassNamePrefix + num;

            /*
             * Generate the specified proxy class.
             * 生成指定代理类的字节码文件
             */
            byte[] proxyClassFile = ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass(
                proxyName, interfaces, accessFlags);
            try {
                return defineClass0(loader, proxyName,
                                    proxyClassFile, 0, proxyClassFile.length);
            } catch (ClassFormatError e) {
                /*
                 * A ClassFormatError here means that (barring bugs in the
                 * proxy class generation code) there was some other
                 * invalid aspect of the arguments supplied to the proxy
                 * class creation (such as virtual machine limitations
                 * exceeded).
                 */
                throw new IllegalArgumentException(e.toString());
            }
        }
    }

ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass生成字节码文件：

   public static byte[] generateProxyClass(final String name,
                                            Class<?>[] interfaces,
                                            int accessFlags)
    {
        ProxyGenerator gen = new ProxyGenerator(name, interfaces, accessFlags);
        // 生成字节码文件 
        final byte[] classFile = gen.generateClassFile();
		// 保存字节码文件
        if (saveGeneratedFiles) {
            java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(
            new java.security.PrivilegedAction<Void>() {
                public Void run() {
                    try {
                        int i = name.lastIndexOf('.');
                        Path path;
                        if (i > 0) {
                            Path dir = Paths.get(name.substring(0, i).replace('.', File.separatorChar));
                            Files.createDirectories(dir);
                            path = dir.resolve(name.substring(i+1, name.length()) + ".class");
                        } else {
                            path = Paths.get(name + ".class");
                        }
                        Files.write(path, classFile);
                        return null;
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        throw new InternalError(
                            "I/O exception saving generated file: " + e);
                    }
                }
            });
        }

        return classFile;
    }

真正生成字节码的地方：

    private byte[] generateClassFile() {

        /* ============================================================
         * Step 1: Assemble ProxyMethod objects for all methods to
         * generate proxy dispatching code for.
         * 第一步：组装所有方法到代理类中
         */

        /*
         * Record that proxy methods are needed for the hashCode, equals,
         * and toString methods of java.lang.Object.  This is done before
         * the methods from the proxy interfaces so that the methods from
         * java.lang.Object take precedence over duplicate methods in the
         * proxy interfaces.
         * 组装hashCode/equals/toString方法
         */
        addProxyMethod(hashCodeMethod, Object.class);
        addProxyMethod(equalsMethod, Object.class);
        addProxyMethod(toStringMethod, Object.class);

        /*
         * Now record all of the methods from the proxy interfaces, giving
         * earlier interfaces precedence over later ones with duplicate
         * methods.
         * 获取接口中的方法组装到代理中
         */
        for (Class<?> intf : interfaces) {
            for (Method m : intf.getMethods()) {
                addProxyMethod(m, intf);
            }
        }

        /*
         * For each set of proxy methods with the same signature,
         * verify that the methods' return types are compatible.
         */
        for (List<ProxyMethod> sigmethods : proxyMethods.values()) {
            checkReturnTypes(sigmethods);
        }

        /* ============================================================
         * Step 2: Assemble FieldInfo and MethodInfo structs for all of
         * fields and methods in the class we are generating.
         * 第二步：将属性值和方法体塞到class中
         */
        try {
            methods.add(generateConstructor());

            for (List<ProxyMethod> sigmethods : proxyMethods.values()) {
                for (ProxyMethod pm : sigmethods) {

                    // add static field for method's Method object
                    fields.add(new FieldInfo(pm.methodFieldName,
                        "Ljava/lang/reflect/Method;",
                         ACC_PRIVATE | ACC_STATIC));

                    // generate code for proxy method and add it
                    methods.add(pm.generateMethod());
                }
            }

            methods.add(generateStaticInitializer());

        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new InternalError("unexpected I/O Exception", e);
        }

        if (methods.size() > 65535) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("method limit exceeded");
        }
        if (fields.size() > 65535) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("field limit exceeded");
        }

        /* ============================================================
         * Step 3: Write the final class file.
         * 第三步： 写最后的class文件
         */

        /*
         * Make sure that constant pool indexes are reserved for the
         * following items before starting to write the final class file.
         */
        cp.getClass(dotToSlash(className));
        cp.getClass(superclassName);
        for (Class<?> intf: interfaces) {
            cp.getClass(dotToSlash(intf.getName()));
        }

        /*
         * Disallow new constant pool additions beyond this point, since
         * we are about to write the final constant pool table.
         */
        cp.setReadOnly();

        ByteArrayOutputStream bout = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        DataOutputStream dout = new DataOutputStream(bout);

        try {
            /*
             * Write all the items of the "ClassFile" structure.
             * See JVMS section 4.1.
             */
                                        // u4 magic;
            dout.writeInt(0xCAFEBABE);
                                        // u2 minor_version;
            dout.writeShort(CLASSFILE_MINOR_VERSION);
                                        // u2 major_version;
            dout.writeShort(CLASSFILE_MAJOR_VERSION);

            cp.write(dout);             // (write constant pool)

                                        // u2 access_flags;
            dout.writeShort(accessFlags);
                                        // u2 this_class;
            dout.writeShort(cp.getClass(dotToSlash(className)));
                                        // u2 super_class;
            dout.writeShort(cp.getClass(superclassName));

                                        // u2 interfaces_count;
            dout.writeShort(interfaces.length);
                                        // u2 interfaces[interfaces_count];
            for (Class<?> intf : interfaces) {
                dout.writeShort(cp.getClass(
                    dotToSlash(intf.getName())));
            }

                                        // u2 fields_count;
            dout.writeShort(fields.size());
                                        // field_info fields[fields_count];
            for (FieldInfo f : fields) {
                f.write(dout);
            }

                                        // u2 methods_count;
            dout.writeShort(methods.size());
                                        // method_info methods[methods_count];
            for (MethodInfo m : methods) {
                m.write(dout);
            }

                                         // u2 attributes_count;
            dout.writeShort(0); // (no ClassFile attributes for proxy classes)

        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new InternalError("unexpected I/O Exception", e);
        }

        return bout.toByteArray();
    }

字节码生成后，调用defineClass0来解析字节码，生成了Proxy的Class对象。
​

其中，在ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass函数中 saveGeneratedFiles定义如下，其指代是否保存生成的代理类class文件，默认false不保存。
​

因此我们修改系统变量来保存文件：
​

System.getProperties().setProperty("sun.misc.ProxyGenerator.saveGeneratedFiles", "true");

他生成了如下文件：

动态代理流程图

我们总结了动态代理流程图：

附录 生成的类：$Proxy0 文件代码

//
// Source code recreated from a .class file by IntelliJ IDEA
// (powered by FernFlower decompiler)
//

package com.sun.proxy;

import framework.spring.aop.invoke.HelloInterface;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
import java.lang.reflect.UndeclaredThrowableException;

public final class $Proxy0 extends Proxy implements HelloInterface {
    private static Method m1;
    private static Method m3;
    private static Method m2;
    private static Method m0;

    public $Proxy0(InvocationHandler var1) throws  {
        super(var1);
    }

    public final boolean equals(Object var1) throws  {
        try {
            return (Boolean)super.h.invoke(this, m1, new Object[]{var1});
        } catch (RuntimeException | Error var3) {
            throw var3;
        } catch (Throwable var4) {
            throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var4);
        }
    }

    public final void sayHello() throws  {
        try {
            super.h.invoke(this, m3, (Object[])null);
        } catch (RuntimeException | Error var2) {
            throw var2;
        } catch (Throwable var3) {
            throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var3);
        }
    }

    public final String toString() throws  {
        try {
            return (String)super.h.invoke(this, m2, (Object[])null);
        } catch (RuntimeException | Error var2) {
            throw var2;
        } catch (Throwable var3) {
            throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var3);
        }
    }

    public final int hashCode() throws  {
        try {
            return (Integer)super.h.invoke(this, m0, (Object[])null);
        } catch (RuntimeException | Error var2) {
            throw var2;
        } catch (Throwable var3) {
            throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var3);
        }
    }

    static {
        try {
            m1 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("equals", Class.forName("java.lang.Object"));
            m3 = Class.forName("framework.spring.aop.invoke.HelloInterface").getMethod("sayHello");
            m2 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("toString");
            m0 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("hashCode");
        } catch (NoSuchMethodException var2) {
            throw new NoSuchMethodError(var2.getMessage());
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException var3) {
            throw new NoClassDefFoundError(var3.getMessage());
        }
    }
}

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