CSS3
2021/9/24 6:10:58
本文主要是介绍CSS3,对大家解决编程问题具有一定的参考价值,需要的程序猿们随着小编来一起学习吧!
CSS3
概述
快速入门
方式一:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <!-- 可以编写css代码,但是不建议这么写 语法: 选择器{ 声明1; 声明2; 声明3; } --> <style> h1{ color: blueviolet; } </style> </head> <body> <h1>我是标题</h1> </body> </html>
方式二:
h1{ color: blueviolet; }
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style.css"/> </head> <body> <h1>我是标题</h1> </body> </html>
三种css导入方式
/*外部样式*/ h3{ color: blue; }
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <!-- css样式优先级:就近原则--> <style> /*这是css注释,2.内部样式*/ h2{ color: aquamarine; } </style> <!-- 3.外部样式--> <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style.css"> </head> <body> <!--1.行内样式--> <h1 style="color: blueviolet" >这是标题</h1> <h2>二级标题</h2> <h3>三级标题</h3> </body> </html>
拓展 外部样式,导入式,不建议使用
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <!-- 外部样式:导入式,不建议使用--> <style> @import url("css/style.css"); </style> </head> <body> <h3>这是标题</h3> </body> </html>
三种基本选择器
标签选择器:
/*标签选择器,会选择到页面上所有这个标签的元素*/ h1{ color: #e98f81; background: #a8c0e9; border-radius: 24px; } p{ font-size: 80px; }
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style.css"> </head> <body> <h1>这是标题一</h1> <h1>这是标题二</h1> <p>段落内容</p> </body> </html>
类选择器:
/*类选择器语法 .class的名称{} 好处,可以多个标签归类是同一个class */ .biaoti1{ color: #b8e967; } .biaoti2{ color: #de9ed1; }
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style2.css"> </head> <body> <h1 class="biaoti1">标题1</h1> <h1 class="biaoti2">标题2</h1> <h1 class="biaoti2">标题3</h1> <p class="biaoti1">段落内容</p> </body> </html>
id选择器
/* 优先级:id选择器>类选择器>标签选择器 id选择器: #id名称{} */ #id1{ color: #de9ed1; } #id2{ color: blue; }
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style3.css"> </head> <body> <h1 id="id1">标题1</h1> <h1 id="id2">标题2</h1> </body> </html>
层次选择器
/* 后代选择器,包含所有子代 祖爷爷 爷爷 父亲 你 儿子 孙子 */ body p{ background: #de9ed1; } /* 子代选择器,只包含一代子代 祖爷爷 爷爷 */ body>p{ background: #b8e967; } /* 相邻兄弟选择器,同辈,只选择一个,自己的下一个,不包括自己 .p2+p 改变的是p3 */ .p2+p{ background: aqua; } /* 通用兄弟选择器,同辈自己以及自己以下的所有同辈 */ .p2~p{ color: #e90b1b; border-radius: 24px; }
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style.css"> </head> <body> <p>p1</p> <p class="p2">p2</p> <p>p3</p> <ul> <li> <p>p4</p> </li> <li> <p>p5</p> </li> <li> <p>p6</p> </li> </ul> <p>p7</p> <p>p8</p> </body> </html>
结构伪类选择器
/* 选中ul的第一个子元素li */ ul li:first-child{ background: #b8e967; } /* 选中ul的最后一个子元素li */ ul li:last-child{ background: #de9ed1; } /* 选中第一个p 选中p元素的父元素,选择父元素的第二个子元素,按顺序 */ p:nth-child(2){ background: #e90b1b; } /* 选中第二个p 选中p元素的父元素,选择父元素的与p同类型元素中的第二个子元素,按类型 */ p:nth-of-type(2){ background: #a8c0e9; } /* a标签,鼠标移到标签上就会显示背景色 */ a:hover{ background: #74a6ff; }
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style.css"> </head> <body> <h1>h1</h1> <p>p1</p> <p>p2</p> <p>p3</p> <ul> <li>li1</li> <li>li2</li> <li>li3</li> </ul> <a href="">aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa</a> </body> </html>
属性选择器(常用)
/* float: left; 向左浮动 display: block;方块 width: 50px;方块宽 height: 50px;方块高 border-radius: 10px;方块变圆角 background: aquamarine;方块颜色 text-align: center;文本居中 color: #de9ed1;字体颜色 text-decoration: none;去下划线 margin-right: 5px;方块向右移动5px font: bold 20px/50px Arial;字体设置:粗体 字体大小/行高 字体 */ .demo a{ float: left; display: block; width: 50px; height: 50px; border-radius: 10px; background: aquamarine; text-align: center; color: #de3725; text-decoration: none; margin-right: 5px; font: bold 20px/50px Arial; } /* 选中存在id属性的元素 标签[]{} [属性名] */ a[id]{ background: #fff788; } /* 选中存在id属性为first的元素 标签[]{} [属性名=属性值] */ a[id=first]{ background: #e98f81; } /* 选中class属性带有links的元素 标签[]{} [属性名*="属性值(正则)"] */ a[class*="links"]{ background: #67bfe9; } /* 选中href属性以image开头的元素 标签[]{} [属性名^="属性值(正则)"] */ a[href^="image"]{ background: #e784e9; } /* 选中href属性以pdf结尾的元素 标签[]{} [属性名$="属性值(正则)"] */ a[href$="pdf"]{ background: #e9e877; }
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style.css"> </head> <body> <p class="demo"> <a href="http://www.baidu.com" class="links item first" id="first">1</a> <a href="" class="links item active" target="_blank" title="test">2</a> <a href="image/123.html" class="links item">3</a> <a href="image/123.png" class="links item">4</a> <a href="image/123.jpg" class="links item">5</a> <a href="abc" class="links item">6</a> <a href="/a.pdf" class="links item" id="aaa">7</a> <a href="/abc.pdf" class="links item">8</a> <a href="abc.doc" class="links item">9</a> <a href="abcd.doc" class="links item last">10</a> </p> </body> </html>
css的作用及字体样式
span
#title1{ font-size: 50px; }
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style.css"> </head> <body> 欢迎学习 <span id="title1">Java</span> </body> </html>
字体样式
/* font-family:英文字体,中文字体 font-size:字体大小 font-weight:字体粗细 color:字体颜色 */ body{ font-family: "Adobe Caslon Pro",华文行楷; color: #b8e967; } h1{ font-size: 50px; } p{ font-size: 30px; } .p1{ font-weight: bolder; }
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style.css"> </head> <body> <h1>张伯端</h1> <p class="p1">刀笔随身四十年,是非非是万千千。</p> <p class="p2">一家温饱千家怨,半世功名百世愆。</p> <p class="p3">紫绶金章今已矣,芒鞋竹杖轻悠然。</p> <p class="p4">有人问我蓬莱路,云在青山月在天。</p> <p class="p5">I have had my invitation to this world's festival, and thus my life has been blessed. </p> </body> </html>
/* oblique:字体风格,斜体 */ p{ font: oblique bolder 20px "楷体"; }
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style2.css"> </head> <body> <p>刀笔随身四十年,是非非是万千千。</p> </body> </html>
文本样式
/* color:文本颜色 单词,#rgb rgba(0,0,0,0.5)最后一个表示透明度 text-align:文本排版,居中等 text-indent: 2em;段落首行缩进2字符 height: 150px; 一段字体的总高度 line-height: 30px;一行字的高度 text-decoration: underline;下划线 text-decoration: line-through;中划线 text-decoration: overline;上划线 */ h1{ color: rgba(233, 11, 27, 0.5); text-align: center; } h5{ color: #74a6ff; text-align: center; } p{ text-indent: 2em; } .p1{ background: #b8e967; height: 150px; line-height: 30px; } .p2{ text-decoration: underline; } .p3{ text-decoration: line-through; } .p4{ text-decoration: overline; }
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style.css"> </head> <body> <h1>师说</h1> <h5>【作者】韩愈 【朝代】唐 </h5> <p class="p1">古之学者必有师。师者,所以传道受业解惑也。人非生而知之者,孰能无惑?惑而不从师,其为惑也,终不解矣。生乎吾前,其闻道也固先乎吾,吾从而师之;生乎吾后,其闻道也亦先乎吾,吾从而师之。吾师道也,夫庸知其年之先后生于吾乎?是故无贵无贱,无长无少,道之所存,师之所存也。</p> <p class="p2">嗟乎!师道之不传也久矣!欲人之无惑也难矣!古之圣人,其出人也远矣,犹且从师而问焉;今之众人,其下圣人也亦远矣,而耻学于师。是故圣益圣,愚益愚。圣人之所以为圣,愚人之所以为愚,其皆出于此乎?爱其子,择师而教之;于其身也,则耻师焉,惑矣。彼童子之师,授之书而习其句读者,非吾所谓传其道解其惑者也。句读之不知,惑之不解,或师焉,或不焉,小学而大遗,吾未见其明也。巫医乐师百工之人,不耻相师。士大夫之族,曰师曰弟子云者,则群聚而笑之。问之,则曰:“彼与彼年相若也,道相似也。位卑则足羞,官盛则近谀。”呜呼!师道之不复可知矣。巫医乐师百工之人,君子不齿,今其智乃反不能及,其可怪也欤!</p> <p class="p3">圣人无常师。孔子师郯子、苌弘、师襄、老聃。郯子之徒,其贤不及孔子。孔子曰:三人行,则必有我师。是故弟子不必不如师,师不必贤于弟子,闻道有先后,术业有专攻,如是而已。</p> <p class="p4">李氏子蟠,年十七,好古文,六艺经传皆通习之,不拘于时,学于余。余嘉其能行古道,作《师说》以贻之。</p> </body> </html>
/* vertical-align: middle; 字体与图片水平居中对齐 */ img,span{ vertical-align: middle; } /* 超链接去下划线 */ a{ text-decoration: none; }
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style2.css"> </head> <body> <p> <img src="images/1.jpg" alt="" width="100" height="100"/> <span>aaaaaaaaaa</span> </p> <a href="">abc</a> </body> </html>
文本阴影和超链接伪类
/*默认的颜色*/ a{ text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 5, 6); } /*鼠标悬浮的颜色*/ a:hover{ color: #e784e9; font-size: 50px; } /*鼠标按住未释放时的颜色*/ a:active{ color: #b8e967; } /*文字阴影 水平偏移 垂直偏移 阴影半径 阴影颜色 */ #price{ text-shadow: 8px -8px 2px #74a6ff; }
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style.css"/> </head> <body> <a href="#"> <img src="images/1.png" alt="" width="200" height="200"/> </a> <p> <a href="">天龙八部</a> </p> <p> <a href="">作者:金庸</a> </p> <p id="price"> ¥100 </p> </body> </html>
列表样式练习
#nav{ width: 230px; background: darkgrey; } .title{ font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 1em; line-height: 35px; background: #de3725; } ul{ background: darkgrey; } /* ul li list-style: none; 去掉列表前面的点 circle 空心圆 decimal 数字 square 正方形 */ ul li{ line-height: 30px; list-style: none; text-indent: 1em; } a{ text-decoration: none; font-size: 14px; color: #000000; } a:hover{ color: orange; text-decoration: underline; }
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style.css"> </head> <body> <div id="nav"> <h2 class="title">全部商品分类</h2> <ul> <li><a href="#">图书</a> <a href="#">音像</a> <a href="#">数字商品</a></li> <li><a href="#">家用电器</a> <a href="#">手机</a> <a href="#">数码</a></li> <li><a href="#">电脑</a> <a href="#">办公</a></li> <li><a href="#">家居</a> <a href="#">家装</a> <a href="#">厨具</a></li> <li><a href="#">服饰鞋帽</a> <a href="#">个护化妆</a></li> <li><a href="#">礼品箱包</a> <a href="#">钟表</a> <a href="#">珠宝</a></li> <li><a href="#">食品饮料</a> <a href="#">保健食品</a></li> <li><a href="#">彩票</a> <a href="#">旅行</a> <a href="#">充值</a> <a href="#">票务</a></li> </ul> </div> </body> </html>
背景图像应用及渐变
/* border: 1px solid red;边框:粗细,线型:实线,颜色 background-image: url("../images/1.jpg"); 插入背景图片,默认全部平铺 background-repeat: repeat-x;只水平平铺一行 background-repeat: repeat-y;只竖直平铺一列 background-repeat: no-repeat;不平铺 */ div{ width: 1000px; height: 500px; border: 1px solid red; background-image: url("../images/1.jpg"); } .div1{ background-repeat: repeat-x; } .div2{ background-repeat: repeat-y; } .div3{ background-repeat: no-repeat; }
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style.css"> </head> <body> <div class="div1"></div> <div class="div2"></div> <div class="div3"></div> </body> </html>
#nav{ width: 230px; background: darkgrey; } /* background: #de3725 url("../images/2.png") 180px 2.5px no-repeat; 添加图片 */ .title{ font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 1em; line-height: 35px; background: #de3725; background: #de3725 url("../images/2.png") 190px 2.5px no-repeat; } ul{ background: darkgrey; } /* ul li list-style: none; 去掉列表前面的点 circle 空心圆 decimal 数字 square 正方形 */ ul li{ line-height: 30px; list-style: none; text-indent: 1em; background: darkgrey url("../images/2.png") 160px 0px no-repeat; } a{ text-decoration: none; font-size: 14px; color: #000000; } a:hover{ color: orange; text-decoration: underline; }
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style.css"> </head> <body> <div id="nav"> <h2 class="title">全部商品分类</h2> <ul> <li><a href="#">图书</a> <a href="#">音像</a> <a href="#">数字商品</a></li> <li><a href="#">家用电器</a> <a href="#">手机</a> <a href="#">数码</a></li> <li><a href="#">电脑</a> <a href="#">办公</a></li> <li><a href="#">家居</a> <a href="#">家装</a> <a href="#">厨具</a></li> <li><a href="#">服饰鞋帽</a> <a href="#">个护化妆</a></li> <li><a href="#">礼品箱包</a> <a href="#">钟表</a> <a href="#">珠宝</a></li> <li><a href="#">食品饮料</a> <a href="#">保健食品</a></li> <li><a href="#">彩票</a> <a href="#">旅行</a> <a href="#">充值</a> <a href="#">票务</a></li> </ul> </div> </body> </html>
渐变
/* 径向渐变 圆形渐变 */ body{ background: linear-gradient(19deg,#edaca5 0%, #ede098 100%); }
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style.css"> </head> <body> </body> </html>
盒子模型及边框使用
边框
/* 常见规范如下 */ body{ margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: none; } #box{ width: 300px; border: 1px solid red; } h2{ font-size: 16px; background: #b8e967; line-height: 30px; margin: 0; color: white; } form{ background: #b8e967; } div:nth-of-type(1)>input{ border: 3px solid black; } div:nth-of-type(2)>input{ border: 3px dashed #e054e9; }
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style.css"> </head> <body> <div id="box"> <h2>会员登录</h2> <form action="#"> <div> <span>用户名:</span> <input type="text"> </div> <div> <span>密码:</span> <input type="password"> </div> <div> <span>邮箱:</span> <input type="email"> </div> </form> </div> </body> </html>
内外边距及div居中
/* margin: 0 auto; 外边框,上下为0 ,左右auto自动居中 */ #box{ width: 300px; border: 1px solid red; margin: 0 auto; } /* margin: 0 5px 10px 15px; 上 0px 右5px 下10px 左15px 顺时针 */ h2{ background: #b8e967; margin: 0 5px 10px 15px; } form{ background: #74a6ff; } /* padding: 0 50px 10px 100px;内边距 上0 右50 下10 左100 */ div:nth-of-type(2){ background: #e784e9; padding: 0px 50px 10px 100px; }
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style.css"> </head> <body> <div id="box"> <h2>会员登录</h2> <form action="#"> <div> <span>用户名:</span> <input type="text"> </div> <div> <span>密码:</span> <input type="password"> </div> <div> <span>邮箱:</span> <input type="email"> </div> </form> </div> </body> </html>
圆角边框及阴影
边框圆角
/* border-radius: 30px;上下左右都是30 border-radius: 50px 10px;左上,右下50 右上 左下10 border-radius: 50px 10px 30px 70px;左上50 右上10 右下30 左下70 顺时针 圆圈 圆角=宽度 */ div{ width: 100px; height: 100px; border: 10px solid red; border-radius: 30px; }
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/styel.css"> </head> <body> <div> </div> </body> </html>
圆形
/* 半圆形: width: 100px; height: 50px; border: 10px solid red; border-radius: 100px 100px 0px 0px; 圆形: width: 100px; height: 100px; border: 10px solid red; border-radius: 100px; 扇形: width: 100px; height: 100px; background: red; border-radius: 100px 0px 0px 0px; */ div{ width: 100px; height: 100px; background: red; border-radius: 100px 0px 0px 0px; } img{ border-radius: 150px; }
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style2.css"> </head> <body> <div></div> <img src="images/1.jpg" alt=""/> </body> </html>
阴影
/* 用阴影实现发光效果 */ .div1{ width: 100px; height: 100px; border: 10px solid red; box-shadow: 10px 10px 100px yellow; } .div2{ width: 500px; margin: 30px auto; } .div2 img{ border-radius: 150px; box-shadow: 10px 10px 100px yellow; }
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style.css"> </head> <body> <div class="div1"></div> <div class="div2"><img src="images/1.jpg" alt=""></div> </body> </html>
display和浮动
display:
/* display: block 块元素 display: inline 行内元素 display: inline-block 行内块元素 display: none 消失 */ div{ width: 100px; height: 100px; border: 5px solid red; display: inline-block; } span{ width: 100px; height: 100px; border: 5px solid #74beff; display: inline-block; }
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style.css"> </head> <body> <div>div块元素</div> <span>span行内元素</span> </body> </html>
浮动(左右浮动):
div{ margin: 10px; padding: 5px; } #father{ border: 1px solid #000000; } .layer01{ border: 1px dashed #74a6ff; display: inline-block; float: left; } .layer02{ border: 1px dashed #e964e1; display: inline-block; float: left; } .layer03{ border: 1px dashed #b8e967; display: inline-block; float: left; } /* display: inline-block; float: left; clear: both; 既有浮动效果,又是一个块元素,独占一行 */ .layer04{ border: 1px dashed #ae6e47; font-size: 12px; line-height: 23px; display:inline-block; float: left; clear: both; }
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style.css"> </head> <body> <div id="father"> <div class="layer01"><img src="images/1.png" alt="" width="100" height="300"></div> <div class="layer02"><img src="images/2.png" alt="" width="100" height="300"></div> <div class="layer03"><img src="images/3.png" alt="" width="100" height="300"></div> <div class="layer04">aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa</div> </div> </body> </html>
overflow及父级边框塌陷问题
/* 方式一: #father{ border: 1px solid #000000; height: 500px; } 限制父元素高度来解决父级边框塌陷,不建议使用 */ /* 方式二: <div class="clear"></div> .clear{ clear: both; margin: 0; padding: 0; } 增加空的div解决父级边框塌陷,可以使用 div增加在父级里面的最下面 */ /* 方式三: #father{ border: 1px solid #000000; overflow: hidden; } 通过overflow来解决父级边框塌陷 */ /* 方式四: 通过在父类添加一个伪类实现 #father:after{ content: ''; display: block; clear: both; } */ div{ margin: 10px; padding: 5px; } #father{ border: 1px solid #000000; } #father:after{ content: ''; display: block; clear: both; } .layer01{ border: 1px dashed #74a6ff; display: inline-block; float: left; } .layer02{ border: 1px dashed #e964e1; display: inline-block; float: left; } .layer03{ border: 1px dashed #b8e967; display: inline-block; float: right; } /* clear: right;右侧不允许有浮动元素 clear: left;左侧不允许有浮动元素 clear: both; 两侧不允许有浮动元素 */ .layer04{ border: 1px dashed #ae6e47; font-size: 12px; line-height: 23px; display:inline-block; float: right; clear: both; }
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style.css"> </head> <body> <div id="father"> <div class="layer01"><img src="images/1.png" alt="" width="100" height="300"></div> <div class="layer02"><img src="images/2.png" alt="" width="100" height="300"></div> <div class="layer03"><img src="images/3.png" alt="" width="100" height="300"></div> <div class="layer04">aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa</div> </div> </body> </html>
overflow:
#content{ width: 200px; height: 150px; overflow: scroll; }
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style2.css"> </head> <body> <div id="content"> <img src="images/1.png" alt="" width="150" height="300"> <p>性命双修玄又玄,海底洪波驾法船。生擒活捉蛟龙首,始知匠手不虚传。</p> </div> </body> </html>
定位的使用及练习
默认情况
div{ margin: 10px; padding: 5px; font-size: 12px; line-height: 25px; } #father{ border: 1px solid #74a6ff; padding: 0; } #first{ background: #b8e967; border: 1px dashed #a6f5ff; } #second{ background: #e784e9; border: 1px dashed #ff99e8; } #third{ background: #67bfe9; border: 1px dashed #e8ff94; }
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style.css"> </head> <body> <div id="father"> <div id="first">第一个盒子</div> <div id="second">第二个盒子</div> <div id="third">第三个盒子</div> </div> </body> </html>
相对定位
/* 相对于自己原来的位置进行偏移 上下左右 正反 负是 他仍然在标准文件流中,他原来的位置会被保留 position: relative; top: -20px; 负上 正下 left: -20px 负左 正右 right bottom */ body{ padding: 20px; } div{ margin: 10px; padding: 5px; font-size: 12px; line-height: 25px; } #father{ border: 1px solid #74a6ff; padding: 0; } #first{ background: #b8e967; border: 1px dashed #a6f5ff; position: relative; top: -20px; left: -20px; } #second{ background: #e784e9; border: 1px dashed #ff99e8; position: relative; right: -30px; } #third{ background: #67bfe9; border: 1px dashed #e8ff94; position: relative; bottom: -30px; }
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style.css"> </head> <body> <div id="father"> <div id="first">第一个盒子</div> <div id="second">第二个盒子</div> <div id="third">第三个盒子</div> </div> </body> </html>
练习
#father{ border: 3px solid red; width: 300px; height: 300px; padding: 10px; } a{ width: 100px; height: 100px; display: block; background: #e784e9; text-align: center; line-height: 100px; color: white; text-decoration: none; } a:hover{ background: #67bfe9; } #a2,#a4{ position: relative; top: -100px; right: -200px; } #a5{ position: relative; top: -300px; right: -100px; }
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style.css"> </head> <body> <div id="father"> <a href="" id="a1">链接1</a> <a href="" id="a2">链接2</a> <a href="" id="a3">链接3</a> <a href="" id="a4">链接4</a> <a href="" id="a5">链接5</a> </div> </body> </html>
绝对定位
/* 1.如果父级元素没有定位,绝对定位是相对于浏览器定位的,一般不会这样做 position: absolute; top: 20px; left: 20px; right bottom */ /* 2.如果父级元素有定位,绝对定位是相对于父级元素定位的,在父级元素范围内移动 position: absolute; top: 20px; left: 20px; right bottom */ /* 绝对定位后,他不在标准文档流中,原来的位置不会被保留 */ body{ padding: 20px; } div{ margin: 10px; padding: 5px; font-size: 12px; line-height: 25px; } #father{ border: 1px solid #74a6ff; padding: 0; position: relative; } #first{ background: #b8e967; border: 1px dashed #a6f5ff; position: absolute; top: 20px; left: 20px; } #second{ background: #e784e9; border: 1px dashed #ff99e8; position: absolute; top: 20px; left: 100px; } #third{ background: #67bfe9; border: 1px dashed #e8ff94; position: absolute; top: 20px; right: 20px; }
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style.css"> </head> <body> <div id="father"> <div id="first">第一个盒子</div> <div id="second">第二个盒子</div> <div id="third">第三个盒子</div> </div> </body> </html>
固定定位
/* 绝对定位:相对浏览器,随滚动条变化 固定定位:不随滚动条变化,永远在页面的固定位置 */ body{ height: 1000px; } div:nth-of-type(1){ width: 100px; height: 100px; background: red; position: absolute; right: 0; bottom: 0; } div:nth-of-type(2){ width: 100px; height: 100px; background: #67bfe9; position: fixed; right: 0; bottom: 0; }
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style.css"> </head> <body> <div>div1</div> <div>div2</div> </body> </html>
z-index
#content{ margin: 0; padding: 0; overflow: hidden; font-size: 12px; line-height: 25px; border: 1px solid black; width: 479px; } ul,li{ margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; } #content ul{ position: relative; } .TipTest,.TigBg{ position: absolute; width: 479px; height: 25px; top: 300px; } .TigBg{ background: #e9b95a; opacity: 0.5; } .TipTest{ z-index: 999; color: #e054e9; } /* opacity: 0.5; 设置透明度 z-index: 999;图层,默认是0,可以设置,1,2,3,4...最大无限制 */
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style.css"> </head> <body> <div id="content"> <ul> <li><img src="images/bj.png" alt=""></li> <li class="TipTest">背景图片</li> <li class="TigBg"></li> <li>时间:2078-9-9</li> <li>地点:月球</li> </ul> </div> </body> </html>
总结
学习视频
学习视频
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