k8s实践(十五):Centos7.6部署k8s v1.16.4高可用集群(主备模式)
2021/11/14 7:09:59
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k8s实践(十五):Centos7.6部署k8s v1.16.4高可用集群(主备模式)
原创loong5762019-12-30 16:11:53博主文章分类:kubernetes©著作权
文章标签kubernetesHAkeepalivedcentos7.6kubernetes高可用集群文章分类Linux系统/运维阅读数1.1万
一、部署环境
主机列表:
主机名 | Centos版本 | ip | docker version | flannel version | Keepalived version | 主机配置 | 备注 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
master01 | 7.6.1810 | 172.27.34.3 | 18.09.9 | v0.11.0 | v1.3.5 | 4C4G | control plane |
master02 | 7.6.1810 | 172.27.34.4 | 18.09.9 | v0.11.0 | v1.3.5 | 4C4G | control plane |
master03 | 7.6.1810 | 172.27.34.5 | 18.09.9 | v0.11.0 | v1.3.5 | 4C4G | control plane |
work01 | 7.6.1810 | 172.27.34.93 | 18.09.9 | / | / | 4C4G | worker nodes |
work02 | 7.6.1810 | 172.27.34.94 | 18.09.9 | / | / | 4C4G | worker nodes |
work03 | 7.6.1810 | 172.27.34.95 | 18.09.9 | / | / | 4C4G | worker nodes |
VIP | 7.6.1810 | 172.27.34.130 | 18.09.9 | v0.11.0 | v1.3.5 | 4C4G | 在control plane上浮动 |
client | 7.6.1810 | 172.27.34.234 | / | / | / | 4C4G | client |
共有7台服务器,3台control plane,3台work,1台client。
k8s 版本:
主机名 | kubelet version | kubeadm version | kubectl version | 备注 |
---|---|---|---|---|
master01 | v1.16.4 | v1.16.4 | v1.16.4 | kubectl选装 |
master02 | v1.16.4 | v1.16.4 | v1.16.4 | kubectl选装 |
master03 | v1.16.4 | v1.16.4 | v1.16.4 | kubectl选装 |
work01 | v1.16.4 | v1.16.4 | v1.16.4 | kubectl选装 |
work02 | v1.16.4 | v1.16.4 | v1.16.4 | kubectl选装 |
work03 | v1.16.4 | v1.16.4 | v1.16.4 | kubectl选装 |
client | / | / | v1.16.4 | client |
二、高可用架构
本文采用kubeadm方式搭建高可用k8s集群,k8s集群的高可用实际是k8s各核心组件的高可用,这里使用主备模式,架构如下:
主备模式高可用架构说明:
核心组件 | 高可用模式 | 高可用实现方式 |
---|---|---|
apiserver | 主备 | keepalived |
controller-manager | 主备 | leader election |
scheduler | 主备 | leader election |
etcd | 集群 | kubeadm |
- apiserver 通过keepalived实现高可用,当某个节点故障时触发keepalived vip 转移;
- controller-manager k8s内部通过选举方式产生领导者(由–leader-elect 选型控制,默认为true),同一时刻集群内只有一个controller-manager组件运行;
- scheduler k8s内部通过选举方式产生领导者(由–leader-elect 选型控制,默认为true),同一时刻集群内只有一个scheduler组件运行;
- etcd 通过运行kubeadm方式自动创建集群来实现高可用,部署的节点数为奇数,3节点方式最多容忍一台机器宕机。
三、安装准备工作
control plane和work节点都执行本部分操作。
Centos7.6安装详见: Centos7.6操作系统安装及优化全纪录
安装Centos时已经禁用了防火墙和selinux并设置了阿里源。
1. 配置主机名
1.1 修改主机名
[root@centos7 ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname master01 [root@centos7 ~]# more /etc/hostname master01
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退出重新登陆即可显示新设置的主机名master01
1.2 修改hosts文件
[root@master01 ~]# cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF 172.27.34.3 master01 172.27.34.4 master02 172.27.34.5 master03 172.27.34.93 work01 172.27.34.94 work02 172.27.34.95 work03 EOF
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2. 验证mac地址uuid
[root@master01 ~]# cat /sys/class/net/ens160/address [root@master01 ~]# cat /sys/class/dmi/id/product_uuid
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保证各节点mac和uuid唯一
3. 禁用swap
3.1 临时禁用
[root@master01 ~]# swapoff -a
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3.2 永久禁用
若需要重启后也生效,在禁用swap后还需修改配置文件/etc/fstab,注释swap
[root@master01 ~]# sed -i.bak '/swap/s/^/#/' /etc/fstab
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4. 内核参数修改
本文的k8s网络使用flannel,该网络需要设置内核参数bridge-nf-call-iptables=1,修改这个参数需要系统有br_netfilter模块。
4.1 br_netfilter模块加载
查看br_netfilter模块:
[root@master01 ~]# lsmod |grep br_netfilter
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如果系统没有br_netfilter模块则执行下面的新增命令,如有则忽略。
临时新增br_netfilter模块:
[root@master01 ~]# modprobe br_netfilter
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该方式重启后会失效
永久新增br_netfilter模块:
[root@master01 ~]# cat > /etc/rc.sysinit << EOF #!/bin/bash for file in /etc/sysconfig/modules/*.modules ; do [ -x $file ] && $file done EOF [root@master01 ~]# cat > /etc/sysconfig/modules/br_netfilter.modules << EOF modprobe br_netfilter EOF [root@master01 ~]# chmod 755 /etc/sysconfig/modules/br_netfilter.modules
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4.2 内核参数临时修改
[root@master01 ~]# sysctl net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=1 net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1 [root@master01 ~]# sysctl net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables=1 net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
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4.3 内核参数永久修改
[root@master01 ~]# cat <<EOF > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1 net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1 EOF [root@master01 ~]# sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1 net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
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5. 设置kubernetes源
5.1 新增kubernetes源
[root@master01 ~]# cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo [kubernetes] name=Kubernetes baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/ enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 repo_gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg EOF
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- [] 中括号中的是repository id,唯一,用来标识不同仓库
- name 仓库名称,自定义
- baseurl 仓库地址
- enable 是否启用该仓库,默认为1表示启用
- gpgcheck 是否验证从该仓库获得程序包的合法性,1为验证
- repo_gpgcheck 是否验证元数据的合法性 元数据就是程序包列表,1为验证
- gpgkey=URL 数字签名的公钥文件所在位置,如果gpgcheck值为1,此处就需要指定gpgkey文件的位置,如果gpgcheck值为0就不需要此项了
5.2 更新缓存
[root@master01 ~]# yum clean all [root@master01 ~]# yum -y makecache
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6. 免密登录
配置master01到master02、master03免密登录,本步骤只在master01上执行。
6.1 创建秘钥
[root@master01 ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
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6.2 将秘钥同步至master02/master03
[root@master01 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@172.27.34.4 [root@master01 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@172.27.34.5
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6.3 免密登陆测试
[root@master01 ~]# ssh 172.27.34.4 [root@master01 ~]# ssh master03
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master01可以直接登录master02和master03,不需要输入密码。
四、Docker安装
control plane和work节点都执行本部分操作。
1. 安装依赖包
[root@master01 ~]# yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
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2. 设置Docker源
[root@master01 ~]# yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
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3. 安装Docker CE
3.1 docker安装版本查看
[root@master01 ~]# yum list docker-ce --showduplicates | sort -r
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3.2 安装docker
[root@master01 ~]# yum install docker-ce-18.09.9 docker-ce-cli-18.09.9 containerd.io -y
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指定安装的docker版本为18.09.9
4. 启动Docker
[root@master01 ~]# systemctl start docker [root@master01 ~]# systemctl enable docker
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5. 命令补全
5.1 安装bash-completion
[root@master01 ~]# yum -y install bash-completion
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5.2 加载bash-completion
[root@master01 ~]# source /etc/profile.d/bash_completion.sh
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6. 镜像加速
由于Docker Hub的服务器在国外,下载镜像会比较慢,可以配置镜像加速器。主要的加速器有:Docker官方提供的中国registry mirror、阿里云加速器、DaoCloud 加速器,本文以阿里加速器配置为例。
6.1 登陆阿里云容器模块
登陆地址为: https://cr.console.aliyun.com ,未注册的可以先注册阿里云账户
6.2 配置镜像加速器
配置daemon.json文件
[root@master01 ~]# mkdir -p /etc/docker [root@master01 ~]# tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF' { "registry-mirrors": ["https://v16stybc.mirror.aliyuncs.com"] } EOF
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重启服务
[root@master01 ~]# systemctl daemon-reload [root@master01 ~]# systemctl restart docker
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加速器配置完成
7. 验证
[root@master01 ~]# docker --version [root@master01 ~]# docker run hello-world
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通过查询docker版本和运行容器hello-world来验证docker是否安装成功。
8. 修改Cgroup Driver
8.1 修改daemon.json
修改daemon.json,新增‘“exec-opts”: [“native.cgroupdriver=systemd”’
[root@master01 ~]# more /etc/docker/daemon.json { "registry-mirrors": ["https://v16stybc.mirror.aliyuncs.com"], "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"] }
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8.2 重新加载docker
[root@master01 ~]# systemctl daemon-reload [root@master01 ~]# systemctl restart docker
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修改cgroupdriver是为了消除告警:
[WARNING IsDockerSystemdCheck]: detected “cgroupfs” as the Docker cgroup driver. The recommended driver is “systemd”. Please follow the guide at https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/cri/
五、keepalived安装
control plane节点都执行本部分操作。
1. 安装keepalived
[root@master01 ~]# yum -y install keepalived
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2. keepalived配置
master01上keepalived配置:
[root@master01 ~]# more /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf ! Configuration File for keepalived global_defs { router_id master01 } vrrp_instance VI_1 { state MASTER interface ens160 virtual_router_id 50 priority 100 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 1111 } virtual_ipaddress { 172.27.34.130 } }
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master02上keepalived配置:
[root@master02 ~]# more /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf ! Configuration File for keepalived global_defs { router_id master02 } vrrp_instance VI_1 { state BACKUP interface ens160 virtual_router_id 50 priority 90 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 1111 } virtual_ipaddress { 172.27.34.130 } }
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master03上keepalived配置:
[root@master03 ~]# more /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf ! Configuration File for keepalived global_defs { router_id master03 } vrrp_instance VI_1 { state BACKUP interface ens160 virtual_router_id 50 priority 80 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 1111 } virtual_ipaddress { 172.27.34.130 }
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3. 启动keepalived
所有control plane启动keepalived服务并设置开机启动
[root@master01 ~]# service keepalived start [root@master01 ~]# systemctl enable keepalived
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4. VIP查看
[root@master01 ~]# ip a
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vip在master01上
六、k8s安装
control plane和work节点都执行本部分操作。
1. 版本查看
[root@master01 ~]# yum list kubelet --showduplicates | sort -r
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本文安装的kubelet版本是1.16.4,该版本支持的docker版本为1.13.1, 17.03, 17.06, 17.09, 18.06, 18.09。
2. 安装kubelet、kubeadm和kubectl
2.1 安装三个包
[root@master01 ~]# yum install -y kubelet-1.16.4 kubeadm-1.16.4 kubectl-1.16.4
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2.2 安装包说明
- kubelet 运行在集群所有节点上,用于启动Pod和容器等对象的工具
- kubeadm 用于初始化集群,启动集群的命令工具
- kubectl 用于和集群通信的命令行,通过kubectl可以部署和管理应用,查看各种资源,创建、删除和更新各种组件
2.3 启动kubelet
启动kubelet并设置开机启动
[root@master01 ~]# systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl start kubelet
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2.4 kubectl命令补全
[root@master01 ~]# echo "source <(kubectl completion bash)" >> ~/.bash_profile [root@master01 ~]# source .bash_profile
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3. 下载镜像
3.1 镜像下载的脚本
Kubernetes几乎所有的安装组件和Docker镜像都放在goolge自己的网站上,直接访问可能会有网络问题,这里的解决办法是从阿里云镜像仓库下载镜像,拉取到本地以后改回默认的镜像tag。本文通过运行image.sh脚本方式拉取镜像。
[root@master01 ~]# more image.sh #!/bin/bash url=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/loong576 version=v1.16.4 images=(`kubeadm config images list --kubernetes-version=$version|awk -F '/' '{print $2}'`) for imagename in ${images[@]} ; do docker pull $url/$imagename docker tag $url/$imagename k8s.gcr.io/$imagename docker rmi -f $url/$imagename done
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url为阿里云镜像仓库地址,version为安装的kubernetes版本。
3.2 下载镜像
运行脚本image.sh,下载指定版本的镜像
[root@master01 ~]# ./image.sh [root@master01 ~]# docker images
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七、初始化Master
master01节点执行本部分操作。
1. kubeadm.conf
[root@master01 ~]# more kubeadm-config.yaml apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2 kind: ClusterConfiguration kubernetesVersion: v1.16.4 apiServer: certSANs: #填写所有kube-apiserver节点的hostname、IP、VIP - master01 - master02 - master03 - node01 - node02 - node03 - 172.27.34.3 - 172.27.34.4 - 172.27.34.5 - 172.27.34.93 - 172.27.34.94 - 172.27.34.95 - 172.27.34.130 controlPlaneEndpoint: "172.27.34.130:6443" networking: podSubnet: "10.244.0.0/16"
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kubeadm.conf为初始化的配置文件
2. master初始化
[root@master01 ~]# kubeadm init --config=kubeadm-config.yaml
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记录kubeadm join的输出,后面需要这个命令将work节点和其他control plane节点加入集群中。
You can now join any number of control-plane nodes by copying certificate authorities and service account keys on each node and then running the following as root: kubeadm join 172.27.34.130:6443 --token qbwt6v.rr4hsh73gv8vrcij \ --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:e306ffc7a126eb1f2c0cab297bbbed04f5bb464a04c05f1b0171192acbbae966 \ --control-plane Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root: kubeadm join 172.27.34.130:6443 --token qbwt6v.rr4hsh73gv8vrcij \ --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:e306ffc7a126eb1f2c0cab297bbbed04f5bb464a04c05f1b0171192acbbae966
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初始化失败:
如果初始化失败,可执行kubeadm reset后重新初始化
[root@master01 ~]# kubeadm reset [root@master01 ~]# rm -rf $HOME/.kube/config
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3. 加载环境变量
[root@master01 ~]# echo "export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf" >> ~/.bash_profile [root@master01 ~]# source .bash_profile
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本文所有操作都在root用户下执行,若为非root用户,则执行如下操作:
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
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4. 安装flannel网络
在master01上新建flannel网络
[root@master01 ~]# kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/2140ac876ef134e0ed5af15c65e414cf26827915/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
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由于网络原因,可能会安装失败,可以在文末直接下载kube-flannel.yml文件,然后再执行apply
八、control plane节点加入集群
1. 证书分发
master01分发证书:
在master01上运行脚本cert-main-master.sh,将证书分发至master02和master03
[root@master01 ~]# ll|grep cert-main-master.sh -rwxr--r-- 1 root root 638 1月 2 15:23 cert-main-master.sh [root@master01 ~]# more cert-main-master.sh USER=root # customizable CONTROL_PLANE_IPS="172.27.34.4 172.27.34.5" for host in ${CONTROL_PLANE_IPS}; do scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt "${USER}"@$host: scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.key "${USER}"@$host: scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.key "${USER}"@$host: scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.pub "${USER}"@$host: scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.crt "${USER}"@$host: scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.key "${USER}"@$host: scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt "${USER}"@$host:etcd-ca.crt # Quote this line if you are using external etcd scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.key "${USER}"@$host:etcd-ca.key done
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master02移动证书至指定目录:
在master02上运行脚本cert-other-master.sh,将证书移至指定目录
[root@master02 ~]# pwd /root [root@master02 ~]# ll|grep cert-other-master.sh -rwxr--r-- 1 root root 484 1月 2 15:29 cert-other-master.sh [root@master02 ~]# more cert-other-master.sh USER=root # customizable mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd mv /${USER}/ca.crt /etc/kubernetes/pki/ mv /${USER}/ca.key /etc/kubernetes/pki/ mv /${USER}/sa.pub /etc/kubernetes/pki/ mv /${USER}/sa.key /etc/kubernetes/pki/ mv /${USER}/front-proxy-ca.crt /etc/kubernetes/pki/ mv /${USER}/front-proxy-ca.key /etc/kubernetes/pki/ mv /${USER}/etcd-ca.crt /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt # Quote this line if you are using external etcd mv /${USER}/etcd-ca.key /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.key [root@master02 ~]# ./cert-other-master.sh
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master03移动证书至指定目录:
在master03上也运行脚本cert-other-master.sh
[root@master03 ~]# pwd /root [root@master03 ~]# ll|grep cert-other-master.sh -rwxr--r-- 1 root root 484 1月 2 15:31 cert-other-master.sh [root@master03 ~]# ./cert-other-master.sh
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2. master02加入集群
kubeadm join 172.27.34.130:6443 --token qbwt6v.rr4hsh73gv8vrcij \ --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:e306ffc7a126eb1f2c0cab297bbbed04f5bb464a04c05f1b0171192acbbae966 \ --control-plane
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运行初始化master生成的control plane节点加入集群的命令
3. master03加入集群
kubeadm join 172.27.34.130:6443 --token qbwt6v.rr4hsh73gv8vrcij \ --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:e306ffc7a126eb1f2c0cab297bbbed04f5bb464a04c05f1b0171192acbbae966 \ --control-plane
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4. 加载环境变量
master02和master03加载环境变量
[root@master02 ~]# scp master01:/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf /etc/kubernetes/ [root@master02 ~]# echo "export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf" >> ~/.bash_profile [root@master02 ~]# source .bash_profile
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[root@master03 ~]# scp master01:/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf /etc/kubernetes/ [root@master03 ~]# echo "export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf" >> ~/.bash_profile [root@master03 ~]# source .bash_profile
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该步操作是为了在master02和master03上也能执行kubectl命令。
5. 集群节点查看
[root@master01 ~]# kubectl get nodes [root@master01 ~]# kubectl get po -o wide -n kube-system
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所有control plane节点处于ready状态,所有的系统组件也正常。
九、work节点加入集群
1. work01加入集群
kubeadm join 172.27.34.130:6443 --token qbwt6v.rr4hsh73gv8vrcij \ --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:e306ffc7a126eb1f2c0cab297bbbed04f5bb464a04c05f1b0171192acbbae966
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运行初始化master生成的work节点加入集群的命令
2. work02加入集群
3. work03加入集群
4. 集群节点查看
[root@master01 ~]# kubectl get nodes NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION master01 Ready master 44m v1.16.4 master02 Ready master 33m v1.16.4 master03 Ready master 23m v1.16.4 work01 Ready <none> 11m v1.16.4 work02 Ready <none> 7m50s v1.16.4 work03 Ready <none> 3m4s v1.16.4
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十、client配置
1. 设置kubernetes源
1.1 新增kubernetes源
[root@client ~]# cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo [kubernetes] name=Kubernetes baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/ enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 repo_gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg EOF
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1.2 更新缓存
[root@client ~]# yum clean all [root@client ~]# yum -y makecache
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2. 安装kubectl
[root@client ~]# yum install -y kubectl-1.16.4
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安装版本与集群版本保持一致
3. 命令补全
3.1 安装bash-completion
[root@client ~]# yum -y install bash-completion
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3.2 加载bash-completion
[root@client ~]# source /etc/profile.d/bash_completion.sh
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3.3 拷贝admin.conf
[root@client ~]# mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes [root@client ~]# scp 172.27.34.3:/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf /etc/kubernetes/ [root@client ~]# echo "export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf" >> ~/.bash_profile [root@client ~]# source .bash_profile
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3.4 加载环境变量
[root@master01 ~]# echo "source <(kubectl completion bash)" >> ~/.bash_profile [root@master01 ~]# source .bash_profile
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4. kubectl测试
[root@client ~]# kubectl get nodes [root@client ~]# kubectl get cs [root@client ~]# kubectl get po -o wide -n kube-system
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十一、Dashboard搭建
本节内容都在client端完成
1. 下载yaml
[root@client ~]# wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.0.0-beta8/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml
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如果连接超时,可以多试几次。recommended.yaml已上传,也可以在文末下载。
2. 配置yaml
2.1 修改镜像地址
[root@client ~]# sed -i 's/kubernetesui/registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com\/loong576/g' recommended.yaml
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由于默认的镜像仓库网络访问不通,故改成阿里镜像
2.2 外网访问
[root@client ~]# sed -i '/targetPort: 8443/a\ \ \ \ \ \ nodePort: 30001\n\ \ type: NodePort' recommended.yaml
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配置NodePort,外部通过https://NodeIp:NodePort 访问Dashboard,此时端口为30001
2.3 新增管理员帐号
[root@client ~]# cat >> recommended.yaml << EOF --- # ------------------- dashboard-admin ------------------- # apiVersion: v1 kind: ServiceAccount metadata: name: dashboard-admin namespace: kubernetes-dashboard --- apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1 kind: ClusterRoleBinding metadata: name: dashboard-admin subjects: - kind: ServiceAccount name: dashboard-admin namespace: kubernetes-dashboard roleRef: apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io kind: ClusterRole name: cluster-admin
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创建超级管理员的账号用于登录Dashboard
3. 部署访问
3.1 部署Dashboard
[root@client ~]# kubectl apply -f recommended.yaml
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3.2 状态查看
[root@client ~]# kubectl get all -n kubernetes-dashboard
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3.3 令牌查看
[root@client ~]# kubectl describe secrets -n kubernetes-dashboard dashboard-admin
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令牌为:
eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6Ikd0NHZ5X3RHZW5pNDR6WEdldmlQUWlFM3IxbGM3aEIwWW1IRUdZU1ZKdWMifQ.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.LAe7N8Q6XR3d0W8w-r3ylOKOQHyMg5UDfGOdUkko_tqzUKUtxWQHRBQkowGYg9wDn-nU9E-rkdV9coPnsnEGjRSekWLIDkSVBPcjvEd0CVRxLcRxP6AaysRescHz689rfoujyVhB4JUfw1RFp085g7yiLbaoLP6kWZjpxtUhFu-MKh1NOp7w4rT66oFKFR-_5UbU3FoetAFBmHuZ935i5afs8WbNzIkM6u9YDIztMY3RYLm9Zs4KxgpAmqUmBSlXFZNW2qg6hxBqDijW_1bc0V7qJNt_GXzPs2Jm1trZR6UU1C2NAJVmYBu9dcHYtTCgxxkWKwR0Qd2bApEUIJ5Wug
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3.4 访问
**请使用火狐浏览器访问:** https://VIP:30001
接受风险
通过令牌方式登录
Dashboard提供了可以实现集群管理、工作负载、服务发现和负载均衡、存储、字典配置、日志视图等功能。
十二、集群高可用测试
本节内容都在client端完成
1. 组件所在节点查看
通过ip查看apiserver所在节点,通过leader-elect查看scheduler和controller-manager所在节点:
[root@master01 ~]# ip a|grep 130 inet 172.27.34.130/32 scope global ens160
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[root@client ~]# kubectl get endpoints kube-controller-manager -n kube-system -o yaml |grep holderIdentity control-plane.alpha.kubernetes.io/leader: '{"holderIdentity":"master01_6caf8003-052f-451d-8dce-4516825213ad","leaseDurationSeconds":15,"acquireTime":"2020-01-02T09:36:23Z","renewTime":"2020-01-03T07:57:55Z","leaderTransitions":2}' [root@client ~]# kubectl get endpoints kube-scheduler -n kube-system -o yaml |grep holderIdentity control-plane.alpha.kubernetes.io/leader: '{"holderIdentity":"master01_720d65f9-e425-4058-95d7-e5478ac951f7","leaseDurationSeconds":15,"acquireTime":"2020-01-02T09:36:20Z","renewTime":"2020-01-03T07:58:03Z","leaderTransitions":2}'
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组件名 | 所在节点 |
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apiserver | master01 |
controller-manager | master01 |
scheduler | master01 |
2. master01关机
2.1 关闭master01,模拟宕机
[root@master01 ~]# init 0
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2.2 各组件查看
vip飘到了master02
[root@master02 ~]# ip a|grep 130 inet 172.27.34.130/32 scope global ens160
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controller-manager和scheduler也发生了迁移
[root@client ~]# kubectl get endpoints kube-controller-manager -n kube-system -o yaml |grep holderIdentity control-plane.alpha.kubernetes.io/leader: '{"holderIdentity":"master02_b3353e8f-a02f-4322-bf17-2f596cd25ba5","leaseDurationSeconds":15,"acquireTime":"2020-01-03T08:04:42Z","renewTime":"2020-01-03T08:06:36Z","leaderTransitions":3}' [root@client ~]# kubectl get endpoints kube-scheduler -n kube-system -o yaml |grep holderIdentity control-plane.alpha.kubernetes.io/leader: '{"holderIdentity":"master03_e0a2ec66-c415-44ae-871c-18c73258dc8f","leaseDurationSeconds":15,"acquireTime":"2020-01-03T08:04:56Z","renewTime":"2020-01-03T08:06:45Z","leaderTransitions":3}'
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组件名 | 所在节点 |
---|---|
apiserver | master02 |
controller-manager | master02 |
scheduler | master03 |
2.3 集群功能性测试
查询:
[root@client ~]# kubectl get nodes NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION master01 NotReady master 22h v1.16.4 master02 Ready master 22h v1.16.4 master03 Ready master 22h v1.16.4 work01 Ready <none> 22h v1.16.4 work02 Ready <none> 22h v1.16.4 work03 Ready <none> 22h v1.16.4
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master01状态为NotReady
新建pod:
[root@client ~]# more nginx-master.yaml apiVersion: apps/v1 #描述文件遵循extensions/v1beta1版本的Kubernetes API kind: Deployment #创建资源类型为Deployment metadata: #该资源元数据 name: nginx-master #Deployment名称 spec: #Deployment的规格说明 selector: matchLabels: app: nginx replicas: 3 #指定副本数为3 template: #定义Pod的模板 metadata: #定义Pod的元数据 labels: #定义label(标签) app: nginx #label的key和value分别为app和nginx spec: #Pod的规格说明 containers: - name: nginx #容器的名称 image: nginx:latest #创建容器所使用的镜像 [root@client ~]# kubectl apply -f nginx-master.yaml deployment.apps/nginx-master created [root@client ~]# kubectl get po -o wide NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES nginx-master-75b7bfdb6b-lnsfh 1/1 Running 0 4m44s 10.244.5.6 work03 <none> <none> nginx-master-75b7bfdb6b-vxfg7 1/1 Running 0 4m44s 10.244.3.3 work01 <none> <none> nginx-master-75b7bfdb6b-wt9kc 1/1 Running 0 4m44s 10.244.4.5 work02 <none> <none>
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2.4 结论
当有一个control plane节点宕机时,VIP会发生漂移,集群各项功能不受影响。
3. master02关机
在关闭master01的同时关闭master02,测试集群还能否正常对外服务。
3.1 关闭master02:
[root@master02 ~]# init 0
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3.2 查看VIP:
[root@master03 ~]# ip a|grep 130 inet 172.27.34.130/32 scope global ens160
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vip漂移至唯一的control plane:master03
3.3 集群功能测试
[root@client ~]# kubectl get nodes Error from server: etcdserver: request timed out [root@client ~]# kubectl get nodes The connection to the server 172.27.34.130:6443 was refused - did you specify the right host or port?
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etcd集群崩溃,整个k8s集群也不能正常对外服务。
单节点版k8s集群部署详见: Centos7.6部署k8s(v1.14.2)集群
k8s集群高可用部署详见: lvs+keepalived部署k8s v1.16.4高可用集群
本文所有脚本和配置文件已上传: Centos7.6-install-k8s-v1.16.4-HA-cluster
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