DRF之视图组件

本文主要是介绍DRF之视图组件，对大家解决编程问题具有一定的参考价值，需要的程序猿们随着小编来一起学习吧！

APIView 

from rest_framework.views import APIView

　　类属性

renderer_classes,
parser_classes

　　get方法，post方法，delete方法写法跟之前的View一样，只不过request对象变成了新的request丢下，比之前的View多了三大认证和全局异常处理

　　代码

class BookView(APIView):
    def get(self, request):
        book_list = Book.objects.all()
        ser = BookSerializers(instance=book_list, many=True)
        return Response(ser.data, headers={'name': 'zys'})

    def post(self, request):
        ser = BookSerializers(data=request.data)
        if ser.is_valid():
            ser.save()
            return Response({"code": 100, "msg": "新增成功", "data": ser.data})
        return Response({"code": 101, "msg": "新增出错", "err": ser.errors})


class BookDataView(APIView):
    def get(self, request, pk):
        book = Book.objects.all().filter(pk=pk).frist()
        ser = BookSerializers(instance=book)
        return Response(ser.data)

    def put(self, request, pk):
        book = Book.objects.all().filter(pk=pk).first()
        ser = BookSerializers(instance=book, data=request.data)
        if ser.is_valid():
            ser.save()
            return Response({"code": 100, "msg": "修改成功", "data": ser.data})
        return Response({"code": 101, "msg": "修改出错", "err": ser.errors})

    def delete(self, request, pk):
        Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).delete()
        return Response({"code": 100, "msg": "删除成功", })

GenericAPIView

　　 继承了APIView  ，多了属性和方法

from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView

　　属性

    -queryset = None
    -serializer_class = None
    -lookup_field = 'pk'  # 查询单条，分组分出来的参数，转换器对象参数的名字
    -filter_backends   # 过滤排序功能会用它
    -pagination_class  # 分页功能

　　方法

    -get_queryset()  # 获取要序列化的数据,后期可能会重写
    -get_object()    # 通过lookup_field查询的
    -get_serializer()  # 使用它序列化
    -get_serializer_class() # 返回序列化类 ，后期可能重写

　　代码

class BookView(GenericAPIView):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializers
    def get(self, request):
        
        obj = self.get_queryset()
        
        ser = self.get_serializer(instance=obj, many=True)
        return Response(ser.data)

    def post(self, request):
       
        ser = self.get_serializer(data=request.data)
        if ser.is_valid():
            ser.save()
            return Response({"code": 100, "msg": "新增成功", "data": ser.data})
        return Response({"code": 101, "msg": "新增出错", "err": ser.errors})


class BookDataView(GenericAPIView):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializers
    def get(self, request, pk):
        
        obj = self.get_object()
        
        ser = self.get_serializer(instance=obj)
        return Response(ser.data)

    def put(self, request, pk):
        
        obj = self.get_object()
        
        ser = self.get_serializer(nstance=obj, data=request.data)
        if ser.is_valid():
            ser.save()
            return Response({"code": 100, "msg": "修改成功", "data": ser.data})
        return Response({"code": 101, "msg": "修改出错", "err": ser.errors})

    def delete(self, request, pk):
       
        self.get_object().delete()
        return Response({"code": 100, "msg": "删除成功", })

5个视图扩展类(不是视图类，没有集成APIView，需要配合GenericAPIView)

　　新增，查询单条，查询所有，修改，删除

from rest_framework.mixins import CreateModelMixin,ListModelMixin,DestroyModelMixin,RetrieveModelMixin,UpdateModelMixin

　　代码

class PublishView(GenericAPIView,CreateModelMixin,ListModelMixin):
    queryset = Publish.objects.all()
    serializer_class = PublishSerializers
    def get(self, request):
        return super().list(request)

    def post(self, request):
        return super().create(request)


class PublishDataView(GenericAPIView,DestroyModelMixin,RetrieveModelMixin,UpdateModelMixin):
    queryset = Publish.objects.all()
    serializer_class = PublishSerializers
    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
       return super().retrieve(request,*args, **kwargs)

    def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return super().update(request,*args, **kwargs)

    def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return super().destroy(request, *args, **kwargs)

9个视图子类---》是视图类

from rest_framework.generics import CreateAPIView, ListAPIView, DestroyAPIView, RetrieveAPIView, UpdateAPIView, \
    ListCreateAPIView, RetrieveUpdateAPIView, RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView, RetrieveDestroyAPIView

　　代码

class PublishView(ListCreateAPIView):  # 查询所有和新增接口
    # class PublishView(CreateAPIView):  # 新增接口
    # class PublishView(ListAPIView):  # 查询所有接口
    queryset = Publish.objects.all()
    serializer_class = PublishSerializers


# class PublishDataView(RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):  # 查询单条，删除，修改
# class PublishDataView(RetrieveAPIView):  # 查询单条
# class PublishDataView(DestroyAPIView):  # 删除
# class PublishDataView(UpdateAPIView):  # 修改
# class PublishDataView(RetrieveDestroyAPIView):  # 查询单条和删除
# class PublishDataView(RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):  # 查询单条和更新
class PublishDataView(UpdateAPIView, DestroyAPIView):  # 更新和删除
    queryset = Publish.objects.all()
    serializer_class = PublishSerializers

 通过ViewSet写视图类

from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet,ReadOnlyModelViewSet

　　ModelViewSet

# 继承了5个试图扩展类+GenericViewSet(ViewSetMixin, generics.GenericAPIView)
# ViewSetMixin控制了路由写法变了
# class PublishView(ModelViewSet):  # 修改路由，5个接口
#     queryset = Publish.objects.all()
#     serializer_class = PublishSerializers

　　ReadOnlyModelViewSet

class PublishView(ReadOnlyModelViewSet):  # 修改路由，只读，查所有，查单个
    queryset = Publish.objects.all()
    serializer_class = PublishSerializers

　　关于路由的两种书写方法

　　　　第一种

router = SimpleRouter()
router.register('publish', views.PublishView, 'publish')
urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    # path('publish/', views.PublishView.as_view()),
    # path('publish/<int:pk>', views.PublishDataView.as_view()),

    path('books/', views.BookView.as_view()),
    path('books/<int:pk>', views.BookDataView.as_view()),
]
# 把路由加入到urlpatterns的列表中
# 第一种方法
# router.urls 他会自动生成 publish/  publish/<int:pk>print(router.urls)urlpatterns += router.urls  # 两个列表相加

　　第二种

　　需导入include

from django.urls import path, include
from app01 import views
from rest_framework.routers import SimpleRouter

router = SimpleRouter()
router.register('publish', views.PublishView, 'publish')
urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    # path('publish/', views.PublishView.as_view()),
    # path('publish/<int:pk>', views.PublishDataView.as_view()),

    path('books/', views.BookView.as_view()),
    path('books/<int:pk>', views.BookDataView.as_view()),
    path('api/v1/', include(router.urls))  # 前面可以加相加的东西 例如 'api/v1/'
]

 　　关于路由书写的一些总结

# ViewSet=APIView+ViewSetMixin
# GenericViewSet=GenericAPIView+ViewSetMixin
from rest_framework.viewsets import ViewSet,GenericViewSet
from rest_framework.viewsets import ViewSetMixin

　　以后只要想自动生成路由，必须继承ViewSetMixin及其子类，之前的写法可以沿用，只是如果要自动生成路由可以选择继承ViewSet，GenericViewSet

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