【SpringMVC从入门到精通】09-SpringMVC 执行流程
2022/4/6 6:19:26
本文主要是介绍【SpringMVC从入门到精通】09-SpringMVC 执行流程,对大家解决编程问题具有一定的参考价值,需要的程序猿们随着小编来一起学习吧!
目录笔记来源:【尚硅谷】SpringMVC教程丨一套快速上手spring mvc
- SpringMVC 执行流程
- 1、SpringMVC 常用组件
- 2、DispatcherServlet 初始化过程
- 2.1、初始化 WebApplicationContext
- 2.2、创建 WebApplicationContext
- 2.3、DispatcherServlet 初始化策略
- 3、DispatcherServlet 调用组件处理请求
- 3.1、processRequest
- 3.2、doService
- 3.3、doDispatch
- 3.4、processDispatchResult
- 4、SpringMVC 执行流程
- 总结
SpringMVC 执行流程
1、SpringMVC 常用组件
DispatcherServlet
:前端控制器,不需要工程师开发,由框架提供- 作用:统一处理请求和响应,整个流程控制的中心,由它调用其它组件处理用户的请求
HandlerMapping
:处理器映射器,不需要工程师开发,由框架提供- 作用:根据请求的 url、method 等信息查找
Handler
,即控制器方法
- 作用:根据请求的 url、method 等信息查找
Handler
:处理器,需要工程师开发- 作用:在
DispatcherServlet
的控制下Handler
对具体的用户请求进行处理
- 作用:在
HandlerAdapter
:处理器适配器,不需要工程师开发,由框架提供- 作用:通过
HandlerAdapter
对处理器(控制器方法)进行执行
- 作用:通过
ViewResolver
:视图解析器,不需要工程师开发,由框架提供- 作用:进行视图解析,得到相应的视图,例如:
ThymeleafView
、InternalResourceView
、RedirectView
- 作用:进行视图解析,得到相应的视图,例如:
View
:视图- 作用:将模型数据通过页面展示给用户
2、DispatcherServlet 初始化过程
DispatcherServlet
本质上是一个 Servlet,所以天然的遵循 Servlet 的生命周期,宏观上是 Servlet 生命周期来进行调度
2.1、初始化 WebApplicationContext
所在类:org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet
protected WebApplicationContext initWebApplicationContext() { WebApplicationContext rootContext = WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(getServletContext()); WebApplicationContext wac = null; if (this.webApplicationContext != null) { wac = this.webApplicationContext; if (wac instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) { ConfigurableWebApplicationContext cwac = (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) wac; if (!cwac.isActive()) { if (cwac.getParent() == null) { cwac.setParent(rootContext); } configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac); } } } if (wac == null) { wac = findWebApplicationContext(); } if (wac == null) { // 创建ApplicationContext wac = createWebApplicationContext(rootContext); } if (!this.refreshEventReceived) { synchronized (this.onRefreshMonitor) { // 刷新ApplicationContext onRefresh(wac); } } if (this.publishContext) { String attrName = getServletContextAttributeName(); // 将IOC容器在应用域共享 getServletContext().setAttribute(attrName, wac); } return wac; }
2.2、创建 WebApplicationContext
所在类:org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet
protected WebApplicationContext createWebApplicationContext(@Nullable ApplicationContext parent) { Class<?> contextClass = getContextClass(); if (!ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.class.isAssignableFrom(contextClass)) { throw new ApplicationContextException( "Fatal initialization error in servlet with name '" + getServletName() + "': custom WebApplicationContext class [" + contextClass.getName() + "] is not of type ConfigurableWebApplicationContext"); } // 反射创建IOC容器对象 ConfigurableWebApplicationContext wac = (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) BeanUtils.instantiateClass(contextClass); wac.setEnvironment(getEnvironment()); // 设置父容器:将Spring上下文对象作为SpringMVC上下文对象的父容器 wac.setParent(parent); String configLocation = getContextConfigLocation(); if (configLocation != null) { wac.setConfigLocation(configLocation); } configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(wac); return wac; }
2.3、DispatcherServlet 初始化策略
FrameworkServlet
创建WebApplicationContext
后,调用onRefresh(wac)
刷新容器
此方法在DispatcherServlet
中进行了重写,调用了initStrategies(context)
方法,初始化策略,即初始化DispatcherServlet
的各个组件
所在类:org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
protected void initStrategies(ApplicationContext context) { // 初始化文件上传解析器 initMultipartResolver(context); initLocaleResolver(context); initThemeResolver(context); // 初始化处理器映射 initHandlerMappings(context); // 初始化处理器适配器 initHandlerAdapters(context); // 初始化处理器异常处理器 initHandlerExceptionResolvers(context); initRequestToViewNameTranslator(context); // 初始化视图解析器 initViewResolvers(context); initFlashMapManager(context); }
3、DispatcherServlet 调用组件处理请求
3.1、processRequest
FrameworkServlet
重写HttpServlet
中的service()
和doXxx()
,这些方法中调用了processRequest(request,response)
所在类:org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet
protected final void processRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); Throwable failureCause = null; LocaleContext previousLocaleContext = LocaleContextHolder.getLocaleContext(); LocaleContext localeContext = buildLocaleContext(request); RequestAttributes previousAttributes = RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes(); ServletRequestAttributes requestAttributes = buildRequestAttributes(request, response, previousAttributes); WebAsyncManager asyncManager = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request); asyncManager.registerCallableInterceptor(FrameworkServlet.class.getName(), new RequestBindingInterceptor()); initContextHolders(request, localeContext, requestAttributes); try { // 重点关注 doService(request, response); } catch (ServletException | IOException ex) { failureCause = ex; throw ex; } catch (Throwable ex) { failureCause = ex; throw new NestedServletException("Request processing failed", ex); } finally { resetContextHolders(request, previousLocaleContext, previousAttributes); if (requestAttributes != null) { requestAttributes.requestCompleted(); } logResult(request, response, failureCause, asyncManager); publishRequestHandledEvent(request, response, startTime, failureCause); } }
3.2、doService
所在类:org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
protected void doService(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception { logRequest(request); Map<String, Object> attributesSnapshot = null; if (WebUtils.isIncludeRequest(request)) { attributesSnapshot = new HashMap<>(); Enumeration<?> attrNames = request.getAttributeNames(); while (attrNames.hasMoreElements()) { String attrName = (String) attrNames.nextElement(); if (this.cleanupAfterInclude || attrName.startsWith(DEFAULT_STRATEGIES_PREFIX)) { attributesSnapshot.put(attrName, request.getAttribute(attrName)); } } } request.setAttribute(WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, getWebApplicationContext()); request.setAttribute(LOCALE_RESOLVER_ATTRIBUTE, this.localeResolver); request.setAttribute(THEME_RESOLVER_ATTRIBUTE, this.themeResolver); request.setAttribute(THEME_SOURCE_ATTRIBUTE, getThemeSource()); if (this.flashMapManager != null) { FlashMap inputFlashMap = this.flashMapManager.retrieveAndUpdate(request, response); if (inputFlashMap != null) { request.setAttribute(INPUT_FLASH_MAP_ATTRIBUTE, Collections.unmodifiableMap(inputFlashMap)); } request.setAttribute(OUTPUT_FLASH_MAP_ATTRIBUTE, new FlashMap()); request.setAttribute(FLASH_MAP_MANAGER_ATTRIBUTE, this.flashMapManager); } RequestPath previousRequestPath = null; if (this.parseRequestPath) { previousRequestPath = (RequestPath) request.getAttribute(ServletRequestPathUtils.PATH_ATTRIBUTE); ServletRequestPathUtils.parseAndCache(request); } try { // 重点关注 doDispatch(request, response); } finally { if (!WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request).isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) { if (attributesSnapshot != null) { restoreAttributesAfterInclude(request, attributesSnapshot); } } if (this.parseRequestPath) { ServletRequestPathUtils.setParsedRequestPath(previousRequestPath, request); } } }
3.3、doDispatch
所在类:org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception { HttpServletRequest processedRequest = request; HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler = null; boolean multipartRequestParsed = false; WebAsyncManager asyncManager = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request); try { ModelAndView mv = null; Exception dispatchException = null; try { processedRequest = checkMultipart(request); multipartRequestParsed = (processedRequest != request); // 包含handler、interceptorList、interceptorIndex // handler:浏览器发送的请求所匹配的控制器方法 // interceptorList:处理控制器方法的所有拦截器集合 // interceptorIndex:拦截器索引,控制拦截器aftercompletion()的执行 mappedHandler = getHandler(processedRequest); if (mappedHandler == null) { noHandlerFound(processedRequest, response); return; } // 创建处理器适配器,负责调用控制器方法 HandlerAdapter ha = getHandlerAdapter(mappedHandler.getHandler()); String method = request.getMethod(); boolean isGet = HttpMethod.GET.matches(method); if (isGet || HttpMethod.HEAD.matches(method)) { long lastModified = ha.getLastModified(request, mappedHandler.getHandler()); if (new ServletWebRequest(request, response).checkNotModified(lastModified) && isGet) { return; } } // 调用拦截器preHandle方法,正序执行 if (!mappedHandler.applyPreHandle(processedRequest, response)) { return; } // 由处理器适配器调用具体的控制器方法,最终获得ModelAndview对象 mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler()); if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) { return; } applyDefaultViewName(processedRequest, mv); // 调用拦截器postHandle方法,反序执行 mappedHandler.applyPostHandle(processedRequest, response, mv); } catch (Exception ex) { dispatchException = ex; } catch (Throwable err) { dispatchException = new NestedServletException("Handler dispatch failed", err); } // 后续处理:处理模型数据和渲染视图 processDispatchResult(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv, dispatchException); } catch (Exception ex) { triggerAfterCompletion(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, ex); } catch (Throwable err) { triggerAfterCompletion(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, new NestedServletException("Handler processing failed", err)); } finally { if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) { if (mappedHandler != null) { mappedHandler.applyAfterConcurrentHandlingStarted(processedRequest, response); } } else { if (multipartRequestParsed) { cleanupMultipart(processedRequest); } } } }
3.4、processDispatchResult
所在类:org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
private void processDispatchResult(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, @Nullable HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler, @Nullable ModelAndView mv, @Nullable Exception exception) throws Exception { boolean errorView = false; if (exception != null) { if (exception instanceof ModelAndViewDefiningException) { logger.debug("ModelAndViewDefiningException encountered", exception); mv = ((ModelAndViewDefiningException) exception).getModelAndView(); } else { Object handler = (mappedHandler != null ? mappedHandler.getHandler() : null); mv = processHandlerException(request, response, handler, exception); errorView = (mv != null); } } if (mv != null && !mv.wasCleared()) { // 处理模型数据和渲染视图 render(mv, request, response); if (errorView) { WebUtils.clearErrorRequestAttributes(request); } } else { if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) { logger.trace("No view rendering, null ModelAndView returned."); } } if (WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request).isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) { return; } if (mappedHandler != null) { // 调用拦截器afterCompletion方法,反序执行 mappedHandler.triggerAfterCompletion(request, response, null); } }
4、SpringMVC 执行流程
1)用户向服务器发送请求,请求被 SpringMVC 前端控制器DispatcherServlet
捕获
2)DispatcherServlet
对请求 URL 进行解析,得到请求资源标识符 URI ,判断请求 URI 对应的映射是否存在:
若不存在,再判断是否配置了mvc:default-servlet-handler
- i.如果没配置,则控制台报映射查找不到,客户端展示 404 错误
DEBUG org.springframework.web.servlet.Dispatcherservlet - GET "/springMVC/testHaha", parameters={} WARN org.springframework.web.servlet.PageNotFound - No mapping for GET /springMVC/testHaha DEBUG org.springframework.web.servlet.Dispatcherservlet - Completed 404 NOT_FOUND
- ii.如果有配置,则访问目标资源(一般为静态资源,如:JS,CSS,HTML),找不到客户端也会展示404错误
DEBUG org.springframework.web.servlet.Dispatcherservlet - GET "/springMVC/testHaha", parameters={} handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping Mapped to org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.DefaultServletHttpRequestHandlerDispatcherservlet - Completed 404 NOT_FOUND
若存在,则执行一下流程
3)根据该 URI,调用HandlerMapping
获得该Handler
配置的所有相关的对象(包括Handler
对象以及Handler
对象对应的拦截器),最后以HandlerExecutionChain
执行链对象的形式返回
4)DispatcherServlet
根据获得的Handler
,选择一个合适的HandlerAdapter
5)如果成功获得HandlerAdapter
,此时将开始执行拦截器的preHandler()
方法【正向】
6)提取 Request 中的模型数据,填充Handler
入参,开始执行Handler
(Controller)方法,处理请求。在填充Handler
的入参过程中,根据你的配置,Spring 将帮你做一些额外的工作:
- a)
HttpMessageConveter
:将请求消息(如 json、xml 等数据)转换成一个对象,将对象转换为指定的响应信息 - b)数据转换:对请求消息进行数据转换。如 String 转换成 Integer、Double 等
- c)数据格式化:对请求消息进行数据格式化。如将字符串转换成格式化数字或格式化日期等
- d)数据验证:验证数据的有效性(长度、格式等),验证结果存储到 BindingResult 或 Error 中
7)Handler
执行完成后,向DispatcherServlet
返回一个ModelAndView
对象
8)此时将开始执行拦截器的postHandle()
方法【逆向】
9)根据返回的ModelAndView
(此时会判断是否存在异常,如果存在异常,则执行HandlerExceptionResolver
进行异常处理)选择一个适合的ViewResolver
进行视图解析,根据Model
和View
,来渲染视图
10)渲染视图完毕执行拦截器的afterCompletion()
方法【逆向】
11)将渲染结果返回给客户端
总结
本届重点掌握
- SpringMVC 常用组件
- DispatcherServlet 的初始化过程和调用方法
- SpringMVC 执行流程
附上导图,仅供参考
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