爬虫_scrapy_数据插入数据库

2022/6/1 2:51:41

编程Tag： https 数据库爬虫 En self settings Scrapy docs

本文主要是介绍爬虫_scrapy_数据插入数据库，对大家解决编程问题具有一定的参考价值，需要的程序猿们随着小编来一起学习吧！

本案是将爬取得到的数据插入到Mysql数据库中持久化保存。

1.创建持久化数据库

创建数据库spider01，并创建一个book数据表

/*
 Navicat Premium Data Transfer

 Source Server         : localhost(HRBJYKJ-Battery)
 Source Server Type    : MySQL
 Source Server Version : 50729
 Source Host           : localhost:3306
 Source Schema         : spider01

 Target Server Type    : MySQL
 Target Server Version : 50729
 File Encoding         : 65001

 Date: 31/05/2022 13:18:11
*/

SET NAMES utf8mb4;
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 0;

-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for book
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `book`;
CREATE TABLE `book`  (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` varchar(128) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  `src` varchar(128) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT = 1 CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;

SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;

2.增加setting.py中数据库的配置

# Scrapy settings for scrapy_readbook project
#
# For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
#
#     https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
#     https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#     https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html

BOT_NAME = 'scrapy_readbook'

SPIDER_MODULES = ['scrapy_readbook.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'scrapy_readbook.spiders'


# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
#USER_AGENT = 'scrapy_readbook (+http://www.yourdomain.com)'

# Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = True

# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32

# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
#DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3
# The download delay setting will honor only one of:
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16

# Disable cookies (enabled by default)
#COOKIES_ENABLED = False

# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False

# Override the default request headers:
#DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
#   'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
#   'Accept-Language': 'en',
#}

# Enable or disable spider middlewares
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
#SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    'scrapy_readbook.middlewares.ScrapyReadbookSpiderMiddleware': 543,
#}

# Enable or disable downloader middlewares
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    'scrapy_readbook.middlewares.ScrapyReadbookDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
#}

# Enable or disable extensions
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
#EXTENSIONS = {
#    'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,
#}

#配置数据库
DB_HOST = '127.0.0.1'
DB_PORT = 3306
DB_USER = 'sa'
DB_PASSWORD = 'HRBJYKJ-Battery'
DB_NAME = 'spider01'
# utf-8的“-”杠不允许写，否则就报错
DB_CHARSET = 'utf8'

# Configure item pipelines
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
   'scrapy_readbook.pipelines.ScrapyReadbookPipeline': 300,
   'scrapy_readbook.pipelines.MysqlPipeline': 301
}

# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
# The initial download delay
#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5
# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60
# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
# each remote server
#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0
# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False

# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
#HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
#HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
#HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'
#HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
#HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'

3.安装pymysql

pip install pymysql -i https://pypi.douban.com/simple

4.编写mysql管道

# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html


# useful for handling different item types with a single interface
from itemadapter import ItemAdapter

# 管道
class ScrapyReadbookPipeline:
    # 爬虫文件运行前执行这个方法
    def open_spider(self,spider):
        self.fp = open('book.json','w',encoding='utf-8')

    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        self.fp.write(str(item))
        return item

    # 爬虫运行后执行这个方法
    def close_spider(self,spider):
        self.fp.close()

#加载settings文件
from scrapy.utils.project import get_project_settings
#导入pymysql
import pymysql
# 管道-Mysql持久化
class MysqlPipeline:
    def open_spider(self,spider):
        settings = get_project_settings()
        self.host = settings['DB_HOST']
        self.port = settings['DB_PORT']
        self.user = settings['DB_USER']
        self.password = settings['DB_PASSWORD']
        self.database = settings['DB_NAME']
        self.charset = settings['DB_CHARSET']
        self.connect()

    def connect(self):
        self.conn =pymysql.connect(
                            host=self.host,
                            port=self.port,
                            user=self.user,
                            password=self.password,
                            db=self.database,
                            charset=self.charset
        )

        self.cursor = self.conn.cursor()

    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        #插入数据库
        sql = 'insert into book(name,src) values("{}","{}")'.format(item['name'],item['src'])
        # 执行sql语句
        self.cursor.execute(sql)
        # 提交
        self.conn.commit()
        return item

    def close_spider(self,spider):
        self.cursor.close()
        self.conn.close()

5.开启自定义的管道

# Scrapy settings for scrapy_readbook project
#
# For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
#
#     https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
#     https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#     https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html

BOT_NAME = 'scrapy_readbook'

SPIDER_MODULES = ['scrapy_readbook.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'scrapy_readbook.spiders'


# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
#USER_AGENT = 'scrapy_readbook (+http://www.yourdomain.com)'

# Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = True

# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32

# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
#DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3
# The download delay setting will honor only one of:
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16

# Disable cookies (enabled by default)
#COOKIES_ENABLED = False

# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False

# Override the default request headers:
#DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
#   'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
#   'Accept-Language': 'en',
#}

# Enable or disable spider middlewares
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
#SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    'scrapy_readbook.middlewares.ScrapyReadbookSpiderMiddleware': 543,
#}

# Enable or disable downloader middlewares
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    'scrapy_readbook.middlewares.ScrapyReadbookDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
#}

# Enable or disable extensions
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
#EXTENSIONS = {
#    'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,
#}

#配置数据库,名称一定要大写
DB_HOST = '127.0.0.1'
DB_PORT = 3306
DB_USER = 'sa'
DB_PASSWORD = 'HRBJYKJ-Battery'
DB_NAME = 'spider01'
# utf-8的“-”杠不允许写，否则就报错
DB_CHARSET = 'utf8'

# Configure item pipelines
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
   'scrapy_readbook.pipelines.ScrapyReadbookPipeline': 300,
   'scrapy_readbook.pipelines.MysqlPipeline': 301
}

# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
# The initial download delay
#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5
# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60
# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
# each remote server
#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0
# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False

# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
#HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
#HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
#HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'
#HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
#HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'