Sql Server数据库json数组解析转换为表结构数据

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方案一：使用openjson函数

PS：使用openjson函数需要目标数据库兼容级别支持(130)

可用一下查询语句查看数据库兼容级别 ：

SELECT name,compatibility_level FROM sys.databases WHERE name ='数据库名'

修改目标数据库兼容级别：

ALTER DATABASE 数据库名 SET compatibility_level = 130

DECLARE @jsonStr VARCHAR(MAX)
SET @jsonStr ='[{"perName": "张三","perAge": 20},{"perName": "李四","perAge": 23},{"perName": "王五","perAge": 25}]'

SELECT JSON_VALUE(value,'$.perName') AS perName,JSON_VALUE(value,'$.perAge') AS perAge
FROM openjson(@jsonStr) AS A

执行结果：

方案二：创建表值函数 ParseJsonFunc

SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO

SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO


CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[ParseJsonFunc]( @json nvarchar(max) ) 
RETURNS @hierarchy table 
( 
object_id int NOT NULL, /* [0 -- Not an object] each list or object has an object id. This ties all elements to a parent. Lists are treated as objects here */ 
parent_id int NOT NULL, /* [0 -- Root] if the element has a parent then it is in this column. The document is the ultimate parent, so you can get the structure from recursing from the document */ 
name nvarchar(2000), /* the name of the object */ 
stringvalue nvarchar(4000) NOT NULL, /*the string representation of the value of the element. */ 
valuetype nvarchar(100) NOT NULL, /* the declared type of the value represented as a string in stringvalue*/ 
bigintvalue bigint, 
boolvalue bit 
) 

AS 

BEGIN 
DECLARE 
@firstobject int, --the index of the first open bracket found in the JSON string 
@opendelimiter int, --the index of the next open bracket found in the JSON string 
@nextopendelimiter int,--the index of subsequent open bracket found in the JSON string 
@nextclosedelimiter int,--the index of subsequent close bracket found in the JSON string 
@type nvarchar(10),--whether it denotes an object or an array 
@nextclosedelimiterChar CHAR(1),--either a '}' or a ']' 
@contents nvarchar(MAX), --the unparsed contents of the bracketed expression 
@start int, --index of the start of the token that you are parsing 
@end int,--index of the end of the token that you are parsing 
@param int,--the parameter at the end of the next Object/Array token 
@endofname int,--the index of the start of the parameter at end of Object/Array token 
@token nvarchar(4000),--either a string or object 
@value nvarchar(MAX), -- the value as a string 
@name nvarchar(200), --the name as a string 
@parent_id int,--the next parent ID to allocate 
@lenjson int,--the current length of the JSON String 
@characters NCHAR(62),--used to convert hex to decimal 
@result BIGINT,--the value of the hex symbol being parsed 
@index SMALLINT,--used for parsing the hex value 
@escape int; --the index of the next escape character 

/* in this temporary table we keep all strings, even the names of the elements, since they are 'escaped' 
* in a different way, and may contain, unescaped, brackets denoting objects or lists. These are replaced in 
* the JSON string by tokens representing the string 
*/ 
DECLARE @strings table 
( 
string_id int IDENTITY(1, 1), 
stringvalue nvarchar(MAX) 
) 

/* initialise the characters to convert hex to ascii */ 
SET @characters = '0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'; 
SET @parent_id = 0; 

/* firstly we process all strings. This is done because [{} and ] aren't escaped in strings, which complicates an iterative parse. */ 
WHILE 1 = 1 /* forever until there is nothing more to do */ 
BEGIN 
SET @start = PATINDEX('%[^a-zA-Z]["]%', @json collate SQL_Latin1_General_CP850_Bin); /* next delimited string */ 

IF @start = 0 BREAK; /*no more so drop through the WHILE loop */ 

IF SUBSTRING(@json, @start+1, 1) = '"' 
BEGIN /* Delimited name */ 
SET @start = @start+1; 
SET @end = PATINDEX('%[^\]["]%', RIGHT(@json, LEN(@json+'|')-@start) collate SQL_Latin1_General_CP850_Bin); 
END 

IF @end = 0 /*no end delimiter to last string*/ 
BREAK; /* no more */ 

SELECT @token = SUBSTRING(@json, @start+1, @end-1) 

/* now put in the escaped control characters */ 
SELECT @token = REPLACE(@token, from_string, to_string) 
FROM 
( 
SELECT '\"' AS from_string, '"' AS to_string 
UNION ALL 
SELECT '\\', '\' 
UNION ALL 
SELECT '\/', '/' 
UNION ALL 
SELECT '\b', CHAR(08) 
UNION ALL 
SELECT '\f', CHAR(12) 
UNION ALL 
SELECT '\n', CHAR(10) 
UNION ALL 
SELECT '\r', CHAR(13) 
UNION ALL 
SELECT '\t', CHAR(09) 
) substitutions; 

SET @result = 0; 
SET @escape = 1; 

/*Begin to take out any hex escape codes*/ 
WHILE @escape > 0 
BEGIN 

/* find the next hex escape sequence */ 
SET @index = 0; 
SET @escape = PATINDEX('%\x[0-9a-f][0-9a-f][0-9a-f][0-9a-f]%', @token collate SQL_Latin1_General_CP850_Bin); 

IF @escape > 0 /* if there is one */ 
BEGIN 

WHILE @index < 4 /* there are always four digits to a \x sequence */ 
BEGIN 
/* determine its value */ 
SET @result = @result + POWER(16, @index) * (CHARINDEX(SUBSTRING(@token, @escape + 2 + 3 - @index, 1), @characters) - 1); 
SET @index = @index + 1; 
END 

/* and replace the hex sequence by its unicode value */ 
SET @token = STUFF(@token, @escape, 6, NCHAR(@result)); 
END 

END 

/* now store the string away */ 
INSERT INTO @strings (stringvalue) SELECT @token; 

/* and replace the string with a token */ 
SET @json = STUFF(@json, @start, @end + 1, '@string' + CONVERT(nvarchar(5), @@identity)); 

END 

/* all strings are now removed. Now we find the first leaf. */ 
WHILE 1 = 1 /* forever until there is nothing more to do */ 
BEGIN 

SET @parent_id = @parent_id + 1; 

/* find the first object or list by looking for the open bracket */ 
SET @firstobject = PATINDEX('%[{[[]%', @json collate SQL_Latin1_General_CP850_Bin); /*object or array*/ 

IF @firstobject = 0 BREAK; 

IF (SUBSTRING(@json, @firstobject, 1) = '{') 
SELECT @nextclosedelimiterChar = '}', @type = 'object'; 
ELSE 
SELECT @nextclosedelimiterChar = ']', @type = 'array'; 


SET @opendelimiter = @firstobject; 

WHILE 1 = 1 --find the innermost object or list... 
BEGIN 
SET @lenjson = LEN(@json+'|') - 1; 

/* find the matching close-delimiter proceeding after the open-delimiter */ 
SET @nextclosedelimiter = CHARINDEX(@nextclosedelimiterChar, @json, @opendelimiter + 1); 

/* is there an intervening open-delimiter of either type */ 
SET @nextopendelimiter = PATINDEX('%[{[[]%',RIGHT(@json, @lenjson-@opendelimiter) collate SQL_Latin1_General_CP850_Bin); /*object*/ 

IF @nextopendelimiter = 0 BREAK; 

SET @nextopendelimiter = @nextopendelimiter + @opendelimiter; 

IF @nextclosedelimiter < @nextopendelimiter BREAK; 

IF SUBSTRING(@json, @nextopendelimiter, 1) = '{' 
SELECT @nextclosedelimiterChar = '}', @type = 'object'; 
ELSE 
SELECT @nextclosedelimiterChar = ']', @type = 'array'; 

SET @opendelimiter = @nextopendelimiter; 
END 

/* and parse out the list or name/value pairs */ 
SET @contents = SUBSTRING(@json, @opendelimiter+1, @nextclosedelimiter-@opendelimiter - 1); 

SET @json = STUFF(@json, @opendelimiter, @nextclosedelimiter - @opendelimiter + 1, '@' + @type + CONVERT(nvarchar(5), @parent_id)); 

WHILE (PATINDEX('%[A-Za-z0-9@+.e]%', @contents collate SQL_Latin1_General_CP850_Bin)) < > 0 
BEGIN /* WHILE PATINDEX */ 

IF @type = 'object' /*it will be a 0-n list containing a string followed by a string, number,boolean, or null*/ 
BEGIN 

SET @end = CHARINDEX(':', ' '+@contents); /*if there is anything, it will be a string-based name.*/ 
SET @start = PATINDEX('%[^A-Za-z@][@]%', ' ' + @contents collate SQL_Latin1_General_CP850_Bin); /*AAAAAAAA*/ 

SET @token = SUBSTRING(' '+@contents, @start + 1, @end - @start - 1); 
SET @endofname = PATINDEX('%[0-9]%', @token collate SQL_Latin1_General_CP850_Bin); 
SET @param = RIGHT(@token, LEN(@token)-@endofname + 1); 

SET @token = LEFT(@token, @endofname - 1); 
SET @contents = RIGHT(' ' + @contents, LEN(' ' + @contents + '|') - @end - 1); 

SELECT @name = stringvalue FROM @strings WHERE string_id = @param; /*fetch the name*/ 

END 
ELSE 
BEGIN 
SET @name = null; 
END 

SET @end = CHARINDEX(',', @contents); /*a string-token, object-token, list-token, number,boolean, or null*/ 

IF @end = 0 
SET @end = PATINDEX('%[A-Za-z0-9@+.e][^A-Za-z0-9@+.e]%', @contents+' ' collate SQL_Latin1_General_CP850_Bin) + 1; 

SET @start = PATINDEX('%[^A-Za-z0-9@+.e][A-Za-z0-9@+.e]%', ' ' + @contents collate SQL_Latin1_General_CP850_Bin); 

/*select @start,@end, LEN(@contents+'|'), @contents */ 

SET @value = RTRIM(SUBSTRING(@contents, @start, @end-@start)); 
SET @contents = RIGHT(@contents + ' ', LEN(@contents+'|') - @end); 

IF SUBSTRING(@value, 1, 7) = '@object' 
INSERT INTO @hierarchy (name, parent_id, stringvalue, object_id, valuetype) 
SELECT @name, @parent_id, SUBSTRING(@value, 8, 5), SUBSTRING(@value, 8, 5), 'object'; 

ELSE 
IF SUBSTRING(@value, 1, 6) = '@array' 
INSERT INTO @hierarchy (name, parent_id, stringvalue, object_id, valuetype) 
SELECT @name, @parent_id, SUBSTRING(@value, 7, 5), SUBSTRING(@value, 7, 5), 'array'; 
ELSE 
IF SUBSTRING(@value, 1, 7) = '@string' 
INSERT INTO @hierarchy (name, parent_id, stringvalue, valuetype, object_id) 
SELECT @name, @parent_id, stringvalue, 'string', 0 
FROM @strings 
WHERE string_id = SUBSTRING(@value, 8, 5); 
ELSE 
IF @value IN ('true', 'false') 
INSERT INTO @hierarchy (name, parent_id, stringvalue, valuetype, object_id, boolvalue) 
SELECT @name, @parent_id, @value, 'boolean', 0, CASE @value WHEN 'true' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END; 
ELSE 
IF @value = 'null' 
INSERT INTO @hierarchy (name, parent_id, stringvalue, valuetype, object_id) 
SELECT @name, @parent_id, @value, 'null', 0; 
ELSE 
IF PATINDEX('%[^0-9]%', @value collate SQL_Latin1_General_CP850_Bin) > 0 
INSERT INTO @hierarchy (name, parent_id, stringvalue, valuetype, object_id) 
SELECT @name, @parent_id, @value, 'real', 0; 
ELSE 
INSERT INTO @hierarchy (name, parent_id, stringvalue, valuetype, object_id, bigintvalue)
SELECT @name, @parent_id, @value, 'bigint', 0, CONVERT(BIGINT,@value);

END /* WHILE PATINDEX */ 

END /* WHILE 1=1 forever until there is nothing more to do */ 

INSERT INTO @hierarchy (name, parent_id, stringvalue, object_id, valuetype) 
SELECT '', 0, '', @parent_id - 1, @type; 

RETURN; 

END

GO

使用方法：

DECLARE @jsonStr VARCHAR(MAX)
SET @jsonStr ='[{"perName": "张三","perAge": 20},{"perName": "李四","perAge": 23},{"perName": "王五","perAge": 25}]'

IF OBJECT_ID(N'tempdb..#tempJson', N'U') IS NOT NULL
BEGIN
  DROP TABLE #tempJson;
END
SELECT parent_id,name,stringvalue
INTO #tempJson
FROM dbo.ParseJsonFunc(@jsonStr) WHERE ISNULL(name,'')<> ''

SELECT parent_id, perName = (STUFF((SELECT ',' + stringvalue FROM #tempJson WHERE parent_id = T.parent_id AND name='perName' FOR XML PATH('')), 1, 1, ''))
, perAge = (STUFF((SELECT ',' + stringvalue FROM #tempJson WHERE parent_id = T.parent_id AND name='perAge' FOR XML PATH('')), 1, 1, ''))
FROM #tempJson AS T
GROUP BY parent_id

执行结果：

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