【Openxml】颜色变化属性计算

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Openxml的颜色变化属性

目前Openxml存在颜色变化属性如下：

RGB和Hsl的相互转换

其中有关RGB和Hsl的相互转换的公式如下：

RGB转Hsl公式如下：

Hsl转RGB公式如下：

其中涉及到有Hsl计算的有以下九个属性：

• Hue、HueModulate、HueOffset
• Saturation、SaturationModulation、SaturationOffset
• Luminance、LuminanceModulation、LuminanceOffset

那么我们开始写代码：

定义RGB的类：

    /// <summary>
    /// 用 A R G B 表示的颜色
    /// </summary>
    public class ARgbColor
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 创建 A R G B 颜色
        /// </summary>
        public ARgbColor()
        {
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 创建 A R G B 颜色
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="a"></param>
        /// <param name="r"></param>
        /// <param name="g"></param>
        /// <param name="b"></param>
        public ARgbColor(byte a, byte r, byte g, byte b)
        {
            A = a;
            R = r;
            G = g;
            B = b;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 表示透明色
        /// </summary>
        public byte A { set; get; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 表示红色
        /// </summary>
        public byte R { set; get; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 表示绿色
        /// </summary>
        public byte G { set; get; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 表示蓝色
        /// </summary>
        public byte B { set; get; }

    }

定义颜色变化相关类ColorTransform,并且定义RGB和Hsl的相互转换逻辑方法:

    /// <summary>
    ///     处理颜色之间的变换，调整，格式转换
    /// </summary>
    public static class ColorTransform
    {

        /// <summary>
        ///  将<see cref="Color" />的数据转换为Hsl
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="color"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static (Degree hue, Percentage sat, Percentage lum, byte alpha) ColorToHsl(Color color)
        {
            var max = System.Math.Max(color.R, System.Math.Max(color.G, color.B));
            var min = System.Math.Min(color.R, System.Math.Min(color.G, color.B));
            var delta = max - min;
            var l = Percentage.FromDouble((max + min) / 2.0 / 255.0);
            var h = Degree.FromDouble(0);
            var s = Percentage.Zero;

            if (delta > 0)
            {
                s = l < Percentage.FromDouble(0.5)
                    ? Percentage.FromDouble((max - min) * 1.0 / (max + min))
                    : Percentage.FromDouble((max - min) * 1.0 / (2 * 255 - max - min));

                if (max == color.R)
                {
                    h = Degree.FromDouble((0 + (color.G - color.B) * 1.0 / delta) * 60);
                }
                else if (max == color.G)
                {
                    h = Degree.FromDouble((2 + (color.B - color.R) * 1.0 / delta) * 60);
                }
                else
                {
                    h = Degree.FromDouble((4 + (color.R - color.G) * 1.0 / delta) * 60);
                }
            }

            return (h, s, l, color.A);
        }

    }

            /// <summary>
        ///     将Hsl的数据转换为<see cref="Color" />
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="hue">色相</param>
        /// <param name="saturation">饱和度</param>
        /// <param name="lightness">亮度</param>
        /// <param name="a">透明度</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static Color HslToColor(Degree hue, Percentage saturation, Percentage lightness, byte a = 0xFF)
        {
            var color = new Color { A = a };

            var hueValue = hue.DoubleValue;
            var saturationValue = saturation.DoubleValue;
            var lightnessValue = lightness.DoubleValue;

            var c = (1 - System.Math.Abs(2 * lightnessValue - 1)) * saturationValue;
            var x = c * (1 - System.Math.Abs((hueValue / 60) % 2 - 1));
            var m = lightnessValue - c / 2;

            var r = 0d;
            var g = 0d;
            var b = 0d;

            if (hueValue is >= 0 and < 60)
            {
                r = c;
                g = x;
                b = 0;
            }

            if (hueValue is >= 60 and < 120)
            {
                r = x;
                g = c;
                b = 0;
            }

            if (hueValue is >= 120 and < 180)
            {
                r = 0;
                g = c;
                b = x;
            }

            if (hueValue is >= 180 and < 240)
            {
                r = 0;
                g = x;
                b = c;
            }

            if (hueValue is >= 240 and < 300)
            {
                r = x;
                g = 0;
                b = c;
            }

            if (hueValue is >= 300 and < 360)
            {
                r = c;
                g = 0;
                b = x;
            }

            color.R = (byte) ((r + m) * 255);
            color.G = (byte) ((g + m) * 255);
            color.B = (byte) ((b + m) * 255);

            return color;
        }

然后我们来写真正处理Openxml的Hsl相关属性逻辑：

       /// <summary>
        ///     将<see cref="RgbColorModelHex" />转换为<see cref="Color" />
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="color"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static Color? ToColor(this RgbColorModelHex color)
        {
            if (color.Val is not null)
            {
                if (uint.TryParse(color.Val.Value, NumberStyles.HexNumber, null, out var result))
                {
                    var solidColor = result.HexToColor();
                    var modifiedColor = ColorTransform.AppendColorModify(solidColor, color.ChildElements);
                    return modifiedColor;
                }
            }

            return null;
        }


        private static Color HexToColor(this uint rgb)
        {
            var color = new Color();
            const int maxByte = 0xff;

            color.B = (byte) (rgb & maxByte);
            color.G = (byte) ((rgb >> 8) & maxByte);
            color.R = (byte) ((rgb >> 16) & maxByte);
            color.A = 0xFF;

            return color;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 给颜色叠加转换
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="color"></param>
        /// <param name="list"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static Color AppendColorModify(ARgbColor color, OpenXmlElementList list)
        {
            var updatedColor = color;
            foreach (var element in list)
            {
                if (element is Hue hue)
                {
                    updatedColor = HandleHue(updatedColor, hue, null, null);
                    continue;
                }

                if (element is HueModulation hueModulation)
                {
                    updatedColor = HandleHue(updatedColor, null, hueModulation, null);
                    continue;
                }

                if (element is HueOffset hueOffset)
                {
                    updatedColor = HandleHue(updatedColor, null, null, hueOffset);
                    continue;
                }

                if (element is Saturation saturation)
                {
                    updatedColor = HandleSaturation(updatedColor, saturation, null, null);
                    continue;
                }

                if (element is SaturationModulation saturationModulation)
                {
                    updatedColor = HandleSaturation(updatedColor, null, saturationModulation, null);
                    continue;
                }

                if (element is SaturationOffset saturationOffset)
                {
                    updatedColor = HandleSaturation(updatedColor, null, null, saturationOffset);
                    continue;
                }

                if (element is Luminance luminance)
                {
                    updatedColor = HandleLuminance(updatedColor, luminance, null, null);
                    continue;
                }

                if (element is LuminanceModulation luminanceModulation)
                {
                    updatedColor = HandleLuminance(updatedColor, null, luminanceModulation, null);
                    continue;
                }

                if (element is LuminanceOffset luminanceOffset)
                {
                    updatedColor = HandleLuminance(updatedColor, null, null, luminanceOffset);
                    continue;
                }
            }


        private static Color HandleHue(Color color, Hue? hueElement, HueModulation? hueModElement,
            HueOffset? hueOffsetElement)
        {
            if (hueElement is null && hueModElement is null && hueOffsetElement is null)
            {
                return color;
            }

            var updatedColor = HandleHslCore(color, hueElement: hueElement, hueModElement: hueModElement, hueOffsetElement: hueOffsetElement);

            return updatedColor;
        }

        private static Color HandleSaturation(Color color, Saturation? satElement, SaturationModulation? satModElement,
            SaturationOffset? satOffsetElement)
        {
            if (satElement is null && satModElement is null && satOffsetElement is null)
            {
                return color;
            }

            var updatedColor = HandleHslCore(color, satElement: satElement, satModElement: satModElement, satOffsetElement: satOffsetElement);

            return updatedColor;
        }

        private static Color HandleLuminance(Color color, Luminance? lumElement, LuminanceModulation? lumModElement,
            LuminanceOffset? lumOffsetElement)
        {
            if (lumElement is null && lumModElement is null && lumOffsetElement is null)
            {
                return color;
            }

            var updatedColor = HandleHslCore(color, lumElement: lumElement, lumModElement: lumModElement, lumOffsetElement: lumOffsetElement);

            return updatedColor;
        }


        private static Color HandleHslCore(Color color,
            Hue? hueElement = null, HueModulation? hueModElement = null, HueOffset? hueOffsetElement = null,
            Saturation? satElement = null, SaturationModulation? satModElement = null, SaturationOffset? satOffsetElement = null,
            Luminance? lumElement = null, LuminanceModulation? lumModElement = null, LuminanceOffset? lumOffsetElement = null)
        {
            if (hueElement is null && hueModElement is null && hueOffsetElement is null
                && satElement is null && satModElement is null && satOffsetElement is null
                && lumElement is null && lumModElement is null && lumOffsetElement is null)
            {
                return color;
            }

            var (hue, sat, lum, alpha) = ColorToHsl(color);

            var hueElementVal = hueElement?.Val;
            var hueValue = hueElementVal is not null ? new Angle(hueElementVal).ToDegreeValue() : hue.DoubleValue;
            var satElementVal = satElement?.Val;
            var satValue = satElementVal is not null ? new Percentage(satElementVal).DoubleValue : sat.DoubleValue;
            var lumElementVal = lumElement?.Val;
            var lumValue = lumElementVal is not null ? new Percentage(lumElementVal).DoubleValue : lum.DoubleValue;

            var hueModElementVal = hueModElement?.Val;
            var hueModValue = hueModElementVal is not null && hueModElementVal.HasValue
                ? new Percentage(hueModElementVal)
                : Percentage.FromDouble(1);
            var satModElementVal = satModElement?.Val;
            var satModValue = satModElementVal is not null && satModElementVal.HasValue
                ? new Percentage(satModElementVal)
                : Percentage.FromDouble(1);
            var lumModElementVal = lumModElement?.Val;
            var lumModValue = lumModElementVal is not null && lumModElementVal.HasValue
                ? new Percentage(lumModElementVal)
                : Percentage.FromDouble(1);

            var hueOffsetVal = hueOffsetElement?.Val;
            var hueOffset = hueOffsetVal is not null && hueOffsetVal.HasValue
                ? new Angle(hueOffsetVal).ToDegreeValue()
                : new Angle(0).ToDegreeValue();
            var saturationOffsetVal = satOffsetElement?.Val;
            var saturationOffset = saturationOffsetVal is not null && saturationOffsetVal.HasValue
                ? new Percentage(saturationOffsetVal)
                : Percentage.Zero;
            var lumOffsetElementVal = lumOffsetElement?.Val;
            var lumOffset = lumOffsetElementVal is not null && lumOffsetElementVal.HasValue
                ? new Percentage(lumOffsetElementVal)
                : Percentage.Zero;

            var hueResult = hueValue * hueModValue.DoubleValue + hueOffset;
            hue = Degree.FromDouble(hueResult);

            var satResult = satValue * satModValue.DoubleValue + saturationOffset.DoubleValue;
            sat = Percentage.FromDouble(satResult);
            sat = sat > Percentage.FromDouble(1) ? Percentage.FromDouble(1) : sat;
            sat = sat < Percentage.Zero ? Percentage.Zero : sat;

            var lumResult = lumValue * lumModValue.DoubleValue + lumOffset.DoubleValue;
            lum = Percentage.FromDouble(lumResult);
            lum = lum > Percentage.FromDouble(1) ? Percentage.FromDouble(1) : lum;
            lum = lum < Percentage.Zero ? Percentage.Zero : lum;

            return HslToColor(hue, sat, lum, alpha);

        }

处理RGB相关属性

涉及到RGB相关的Openxml属性如下：

• 透明度：Alpha、AlphaModulation、AlphaOffset
• RGB的红色：Red、RedModulation、RedOffset
• RGB的蓝色：Blue、BlueModulation、BlueOffset
• RGB的绿色：Green、GreenModulation、GreenOffset
• RGB的反函数：Inverse
• RGB的补码: Complement
• RGB的伽玛校正和反伽玛矫正: Gamma、InverseGamma
• RGB的灰阶(灰度):Gray

处理透明度

以下为处理透明度的逻辑代码：

  
        private static Color HandleAlphaModify(Color color, Alpha? alphaElement, AlphaModulation? alphaModulation, AlphaOffset? alphaOffset)
        {
            if (alphaElement is null && alphaModulation is null && alphaOffset is null)
            {
                return color;
            }

            var alphaValue = alphaElement?.Val;
            var modulationVal = alphaModulation?.Val;
            var offsetVal = alphaOffset?.Val;

            var alpha = alphaValue is not null && alphaValue.HasValue
                ? new Percentage(alphaValue)
                : Percentage.FromDouble(1);

            var mod = modulationVal is not null && modulationVal.HasValue
                ? new Percentage(modulationVal)
                : Percentage.FromDouble(1);

            var off = offsetVal is not null && offsetVal.HasValue
                ? new Percentage(offsetVal)
                : Percentage.Zero;


            var alphaResult = alpha.DoubleValue * mod.DoubleValue + off.DoubleValue;
            color.A = (byte) (color.A * alphaResult);


            return color;
        }        

处理RGB的红色、蓝色、绿色

以下为处理RGB的红色、蓝色、绿色的逻辑代码：

        private static Color HandleRgb(Color color, Red? redElement, Green? greenElement, Blue? blueElement)
        {
            if (redElement is null && greenElement is null && blueElement is null)
            {
                return color;
            }

            var updatedColor = HandleRgbCore(color, redElement: redElement, greenElement: greenElement,
                blueElement: blueElement);


            return updatedColor;
        }
        private static Color HandleRgbModulation(Color color, RedModulation? redModulationElement, GreenModulation? greenModulationElement, BlueModulation? blueModulationElement)
        {
            if (redModulationElement is null && greenModulationElement is null && blueModulationElement is null)
            {
                return color;
            }

            var updatedColor = HandleRgbCore(color, redModulationElement: redModulationElement,
                greenModulationElement: greenModulationElement, blueModulationElement: blueModulationElement);


            return updatedColor;
        }


        private static Color HandleRgbOffset(Color color, RedOffset? redOffsetElement, GreenOffset? greenOffsetElement, BlueOffset? blueOffsetElement)
        {
            if (redOffsetElement is null && blueOffsetElement is null && greenOffsetElement is null)
            {
                return color;
            }

            var updatedColor = HandleRgbCore(color, redOffsetElement: redOffsetElement,
                greenOffsetElement: greenOffsetElement, blueOffsetElement: blueOffsetElement);


            return updatedColor;
        }


         private static Color HandleRgbCore(Color color,
            Red? redElement = null, Green? greenElement = null, Blue? blueElement = null,
            RedModulation? redModulationElement = null, GreenModulation? greenModulationElement = null, BlueModulation? blueModulationElement = null,
            RedOffset? redOffsetElement = null, GreenOffset? greenOffsetElement = null, BlueOffset? blueOffsetElement = null)
        {
            if (redElement is null && greenElement is null && blueElement is null
                && redModulationElement is null && greenModulationElement is null && blueModulationElement is null
                && redOffsetElement is null && greenOffsetElement is null && blueOffsetElement is null)
            {
                return color;
            }

            var updatedColor = color;

            var redModulationValue = redModulationElement?.Val;
            var redMod = redModulationValue is not null ? new Percentage(redModulationValue) : Percentage.FromDouble(1);

            var greenModulationValue = greenModulationElement?.Val;
            var greenMod = greenModulationValue is not null ? new Percentage(greenModulationValue) : Percentage.FromDouble(1);

            var blueModulationValue = blueModulationElement?.Val;
            var blueMod = blueModulationValue is not null ? new Percentage(blueModulationValue) : Percentage.FromDouble(1);

            var redOffsetValue = redOffsetElement?.Val;
            var redOffset = redOffsetValue is not null ? new Percentage(redOffsetValue) : Percentage.FromDouble(0);

            var greenOffsetValue = greenOffsetElement?.Val;
            var greenOffset = greenOffsetValue is not null ? new Percentage(greenOffsetValue) : Percentage.FromDouble(0);

            var blueOffsetValue = blueOffsetElement?.Val;
            var blueOffset = blueOffsetValue is not null ? new Percentage(blueOffsetValue) : Percentage.FromDouble(0);


            var linearR = SRgbToLinearRgb(updatedColor.R / 255.0);
            var linearG = SRgbToLinearRgb(updatedColor.G / 255.0);
            var linearB = SRgbToLinearRgb(updatedColor.B / 255.0);

            var redValue = redElement?.Val;
            var red = redValue is not null ? new Percentage(redValue).DoubleValue : linearR;

            var greenValue = greenElement?.Val;
            var green = greenValue is not null ? new Percentage(greenValue).DoubleValue : linearG;

            var blueValue = blueElement?.Val;
            var blue = blueValue is not null ? new Percentage(blueValue).DoubleValue : linearB;

            var redResult = red * redMod.DoubleValue + redOffset.DoubleValue;
            var greenResult = green * greenMod.DoubleValue + greenOffset.DoubleValue;
            var blueResult = blue * blueMod.DoubleValue + blueOffset.DoubleValue;


            var r = redResult < 0 ? 0 : redResult > 1 ? 1 : redResult;
            var g = greenResult < 0 ? 0 : greenResult > 1 ? 1 : greenResult;
            var b = blueResult < 0 ? 0 : blueResult > 1 ? 1 : blueResult;
            updatedColor.R = (byte) System.Math.Round(255 * LinearRgbToSRgb(r));
            updatedColor.G = (byte) System.Math.Round(255 * LinearRgbToSRgb(g));
            updatedColor.B = (byte) System.Math.Round(255 * LinearRgbToSRgb(b));

            return updatedColor;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SRGB#The_forward_transformation_.28CIE_xyY_or_CIE_XYZ_to_sRGB.29
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sRgb"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private static double SRgbToLinearRgb(double sRgb)
        {
            if (sRgb <= 0.04045) return sRgb / 12.92;

            return System.Math.Pow((sRgb + 0.055) / 1.055, 2.4);
        }

RGB的反函数

以下为处理RGB的反函数的逻辑代码：

        private static Color HandleInverse(Color color, Inverse? inverseElement)
        {
            var updatedColor = color;
            if (inverseElement != null)
            {
                var linearR = SRgbToLinearRgb(updatedColor.R / 255.0);
                var linearG = SRgbToLinearRgb(updatedColor.G / 255.0);
                var linearB = SRgbToLinearRgb(updatedColor.B / 255.0);
                var r = System.Math.Abs(1.0 - linearR);
                var g = System.Math.Abs(1.0 - linearG);
                var b = System.Math.Abs(1.0 - linearB);
                updatedColor.R = (byte) System.Math.Round(255 * LinearRgbToSRgb(r));
                updatedColor.G = (byte) System.Math.Round(255 * LinearRgbToSRgb(g));
                updatedColor.B = (byte) System.Math.Round(255 * LinearRgbToSRgb(b));
            }

            return updatedColor;
        }

RGB的补码

以下为处理RGB的补码的逻辑代码：

        private static Color HandleComplement(Color color, Complement? complementElement)
        {
            var updatedColor = color;
            if (complementElement != null)
            {
                var r = updatedColor.B;
                var g = updatedColor.R + updatedColor.B - updatedColor.G;
                var b = updatedColor.R;
                updatedColor.R = r;
                updatedColor.G = (byte) g;
                updatedColor.B = b;
            }

            return updatedColor;
        }

RGB的伽玛校正和反伽玛矫正

伽玛校正

 实际上就是显示器的非线性特性让亮度在我们眼中看起来更好, 但是在渲染时反而会因此导致问题. 我们的渲染计算都是在伽马值为 1 的理想线性空间进行的，而显示器的非线性则是伽马值为 2.2计算的即为输入值的pow 2.2，伽马校正的思路就是在颜色被输送到显示器之前, 我们先对其进行 pow 1/2.2 的逆运算以抵消显示器的作用

因此计算伽玛校正的逻辑代码如下：

        /// <summary>
        /// 对于sRGB的伽玛校正，也就是 1/2.2的幂运算
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="color"></param>
        /// <param name="gammaElement"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private static Color HandleGamma(Color color, Gamma? gammaElement)
        {
            var updatedColor = color;
            if (gammaElement != null)
            {
                var r = System.Math.Pow(updatedColor.R / 255.0, 1 / 2.2);
                var g = System.Math.Pow(updatedColor.G / 255.0, 1 / 2.2);
                var b = System.Math.Pow(updatedColor.B / 255.0, 1 / 2.2);
                updatedColor.R = (byte) System.Math.Round(255 * r);
                updatedColor.G = (byte) System.Math.Round(255 * g);
                updatedColor.B = (byte) System.Math.Round(255 * b);
            }

            return updatedColor;
        }

而对于反伽玛校正，则其指数为2.2，代码如下：

        /// <summary>
        /// 对于sRGB的反伽玛校正，也就是2.2的幂运算
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="color"></param>
        /// <param name="inverseGammaElement"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private static Color HandleInverseGamma(Color color, InverseGamma? inverseGammaElement)
        {
            var updatedColor = color;
            if (inverseGammaElement != null)
            {
                var r = System.Math.Pow(updatedColor.R / 255.0, 2.2);
                var g = System.Math.Pow(updatedColor.G / 255.0, 2.2);
                var b = System.Math.Pow(updatedColor.B / 255.0, 2.2);
                updatedColor.R = (byte) System.Math.Round(255 * r);
                updatedColor.G = (byte) System.Math.Round(255 * g);
                updatedColor.B = (byte) System.Math.Round(255 * b);
            }

            return updatedColor;
        }

RGB的灰阶

不同的RGB空间，灰阶的计算公式有所不同，常见的几种RGB空间的计算灰阶的公式如下：

//简化 sRGB IEC61966-2.1 [gamma=2.20]
Gray = (R^2.2 * 0.2126  + G^2.2  * 0.7152  + B^2.2  * 0.0722)^(1/2.2)

//Adobe RGB (1998) [gamma=2.20]
Gray = (R^2.2 * 0.2973  + G^2.2  * 0.6274  + B^2.2  * 0.0753)^(1/2.2)

//Apple RGB [gamma=1.80]
Gray = (R^1.8 * 0.2446  + G^1.8  * 0.6720  + B^1.8  * 0.0833)^(1/1.8)

//ColorMatch RGB [gamma=1.8]
Gray = (R^1.8 * 0.2750  + G^1.8  * 0.6581  + B^1.8  * 0.0670)^(1/1.8)

//简化 KODAK DC Series Digital Camera [gamma=2.2]
Gray = (R^2.2 * 0.2229  + G^2.2  * 0.7175  + B^2.2  * 0.0595)^(1/2.2)

而我们选择了灰度系数2.2，即伽马值为2.2的sRGB的计算公式，那么逻辑代码如下：

        /// <summary>
        /// 对于sRGB的灰阶计算
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="color"></param>
        /// <param name="grayElement"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        /// sRGB IEC61966-2.1 [gamma=2.20]:sRGB计算灰阶：Gray = (R^2.2 * 0.2126  + G^2.2  * 0.7152  + B^2.2  * 0.0722)^(1/2.2)
        private static Color HandleGray(Color color, Gray? grayElement)
        {
            var updatedColor = color;
            if (grayElement != null)
            {
                var gray = System.Math.Pow(
                          System.Math.Pow(updatedColor.R, 2.2) * 0.2126 +
                          System.Math.Pow(updatedColor.G, 2.2) * 0.7152 +
                          System.Math.Pow(updatedColor.B, 2.2) * 0.0722,
                          1 / 2.2);

                var grayResult = (byte) System.Math.Round(gray);

                updatedColor.R = grayResult;
                updatedColor.G = grayResult;
                updatedColor.B = grayResult;
            }

            return updatedColor;
        }

参考

• 将RGB值转换为灰度值的简单算法
• 伽马校正(Gamma Correction)与sRGB
• RGB to HSL converter | color conversion
• HSL to RGB conversion | color conversion
• dotnet OpenXML 颜色变换

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