company, corporation, Inc. Ltd.

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Difference Between Corporation and Company

There are a few key differences between a corporation and a company. For instance, companies are typically smaller than corporations. There is also a difference in capital [资本] requirements to form a company and to form a corporation. Corporations, private and public, have required minimum requirements for capital, needed to form.

A company is any business entity that conducts a value exchange of goods or services with customers.

A corporation is an organization - usually a group of people or a company - authorized by the state to act as a single entity and recognized as such in law for certain purposes.

incorporate <verb>

1. include sth as part of a group, system, plan etc
2. form a legal corporation

Incorporated (Inc) is used after the name of a company in the US to show that it has become a corporation.

corporate <adjective>

1. of or shared by all the members of a group
2. of or belonging to a corporation
3. united in a single group

Early incorporated entities were established by charter (i.e. by an ad hoc act granted by a monarch or passed by a parliament or legislature). Most jurisdictions now allow the creation of new corporations through registration. Depending on the number of owners, a corporation can be classified as aggregate or sole (a legal entity consisting of a single incorporated office occupied by a single natural person).

Corporations generally have a distinct name. Historically, some corporations were named after the members of their boards of directors. Nowadays, corporations in most jurisdictions may have a distinct name that does not need to make reference to the members of their boards. In Canada, this possibility is taken to its logical extreme: many smaller Canadian corporations have no names at all, merely numbers based on a registration number (for example, "12345678 Ontario Limited"), which is assigned by the provincial or territorial government where the corporation incorporates.

In most countries, corporate names include a term or an abbreviation that denotes the corporate status of the entity (for example, "Incorporated" or "Inc." in the United States) or the limited liability of its members (for example, "Limited" or "Ltd."). These terms vary by jurisdiction and language. In some jurisdictions, they are mandatory, and in others, such as California, they are not. Their use puts everybody on constructive notice that they are dealing with an entity whose liability is limited: one can only collect from whatever assets the entity still controls when one obtains a judgment against it.

Some jurisdictions do not allow the use of the word "company" alone to denote corporate status, since the word "company" may refer to a partnership or some other form of collective ownership.

The word "corporation" derives from corpus, the Latin word for body, or a "body of people". 不是corpse [the dead body of a person].

Dutch and English chartered companies, such as the Dutch East India Company (VOC) and the Hudson's Bay Company, were created to lead the colonial ventures of European nations in the 17th century.

In England, the government created corporations under a royal charter or an Act of Parliament with the grant of a monopoly over a specified territory. The best-known example, established in 1600, was the East India Company of London. Queen Elizabeth I granted it the exclusive right to trade with all countries to the east of the Cape of Good Hope. A similar chartered company, the South Sea Company, was established in 1711 to trade in the Spanish South American colonies, but met with less success.

In the late 18th century, Stewart Kyd, the author of the first treatise on corporate law in English, defined a corporation as: a collection of many individuals united into one body, under a special denomination, having perpetual succession under an artificial form, and vested [belong to you and cannot be removed], by the policy of the law, with the capacity of acting, in several respects, as an individual, particularly of taking and granting property, of contracting obligations, and of suing and being sued, of enjoying privileges and immunities in common, and of exercising a variety of political rights, more or less extensive, according to the design of its institution, or the powers conferred upon it, either at the time of its creation or at any subsequent period of its existence.

六级/考研单词: differentiate, entity, conduct, authorize, verb, illicit, adjective, unite, charter, sovereign, parliament, legislate, jurisdiction, classify, aggregate, nowadays, logic, mere, assign, province, abbreviation, denote, liable, mandate, notify, collective, derive, corpse, bay, venture, monopoly, territory, cape, colony, author, perpetual, vest, sue, privilege, accord, confer

中华人民共和国公司法

汉典

• 司：主管，操作：～法 ～机 ～令 ～南……
• 有司：官员

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