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MySQL表结构批量自动生成HIVE建表语句

需求描述

数仓建设过程中，在所难免的需要将大量业务数据导入值hive中，当业务比较复杂导致业务相关表过多时，

建表语句的整理和维护工作增大，手动写hive DDL容易出错且耗时，需要通过一些方法减少工作量。

该方式仅适用于MySQL，其他方法可以类似处理即可

语句

SET SESSION group_concat_max_len = 102400;

SELECT

a.TABLE_NAME ,

b.TABLE_COMMENT ,

concat('DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ','tb_ods_',a.TABLE_NAME,';',CHAR(10 USING utf8),

'CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE IF NOT EXISTS ','tb_ods_',a.TABLE_NAME ,' (',CHAR(10 USING utf8),

group_concat(

concat(a.COLUMN_NAME,' ',

(case when a.data_type='bigint' then 'bigint'

when a.data_type='binary' then 'binary'

when a.data_type='char' then 'string'

when a.data_type='date' then 'string'

when a.data_type='datetime' then 'string'

when a.data_type='decimal' then concat('decimal','(',a.NUMERIC_PRECISION,',',a.NUMERIC_SCALE,')')

when a.data_type='double' then 'double'

when a.data_type='enum' then 'string'

when a.data_type='float' then 'double'

when a.data_type='int' then 'int'

when a.data_type='json' then 'map<string,string>'

when a.data_type='longtext' then 'string'

when a.data_type='mediumtext' then 'string'

when a.data_type='smallint' then 'int'

when a.data_type='text' then 'string'

when a.data_type='time' then 'string'

when a.data_type='timestamp' then 'string'

when a.data_type='tinyint' then 'int'

when a.data_type='varbinary' then 'binary'

when a.data_type='varchar' then 'string'

else '未知类型'

end)," COMMENT '",COLUMN_COMMENT,"'" ),CHAR(10 USING utf8)

order by a.TABLE_NAME,a.ORDINAL_POSITION) ,

") COMMENT '",b.TABLE_COMMENT ,"'",CHAR(10 USING utf8), "PARTITIONED BY (deal_date string COMMENT '数据日期')

ROW FORMAT SERDE 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.lazy.LazySimpleSerDe'

WITH SERDEPROPERTIES ('serialization.null.format' = 'null');",CHAR(10 USING utf8)) AS ods_ddl

FROM

(

SELECT

TABLE_SCHEMA,

TABLE_NAME,

COLUMN_NAME,

ORDINAL_POSITION,

DATA_TYPE,

NUMERIC_PRECISION,

NUMERIC_SCALE,

COLUMN_COMMENT

FROM

information_schema.COLUMNS

WHERE

TABLE_SCHEMA='${DATABASE_NAME}'

AND TABLE_NAME='${TABLE_NAME}' # 该条件限制单张张表的转换，可以注释掉，注释后为整个库的转换

) AS a

LEFT JOIN

information_schema.TABLES AS b

ON

a.TABLE_NAME=b.TABLE_NAME

AND a.TABLE_SCHEMA=b.TABLE_SCHEMA

where b.TABLE_TYPE='BASE TABLE'

GROUP BY

a.TABLE_NAME,

b.TABLE_COMMENT

;

直接将该语句在MySQL查询工具执行即可，执行前需要替换几个参数

${DATABASE_NAME}指定需要转换的MySQL数据库名，将该参数替换为自己需要转换的表所在的数据库即可；

${TABLE_NAME}指定需要转换的MySQL表名，将该参数替换为自己需要转换的表即可，如果想转换整个数据库的建表语句，直接将该条件注释掉。

SET SESSION group_concat_max_len = 102400;是设置group_concat的最大拼接长度，默认值为1024，当表字段过多时，可能导致拼接的DDL语句不全；SET SESSION仅在当前窗口生效，不影响其他窗口，如需设置全局生效，执行SET GLOBAL group_concat_max_len = 102400;即可。

实战

SETSESSION group_concat_max_len = 102400;

SELECT

a.TABLE_NAME ,

b.TABLE_COMMENT ,

concat('DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ','tb_ods_',a.TABLE_NAME,';',CHAR(10USING utf8),

'CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE IF NOT EXISTS ','tb_ods_',a.TABLE_NAME ,' (',CHAR(10USING utf8),

group_concat(

concat(a.COLUMN_NAME,' ',

(casewhen a.data_type='bigint'then'bigint'

when a.data_type='binary'then'binary'

when a.data_type='char'then'string'

when a.data_type='date'then'string'

when a.data_type='datetime'then'string'

when a.data_type='decimal'thenconcat('decimal','(',a.NUMERIC_PRECISION,',',a.NUMERIC_SCALE,')')

when a.data_type='double'then'double'

when a.data_type='enum'then'string'

when a.data_type='float'then'double'

when a.data_type='int'then'int'

when a.data_type='json'then'map<string,string>'

when a.data_type='longtext'then'string'

when a.data_type='mediumtext'then'string'

when a.data_type='smallint'then'int'

when a.data_type='text'then'string'

when a.data_type='time'then'string'

when a.data_type='timestamp'then'string'

when a.data_type='tinyint'then'int'

when a.data_type='varbinary'then'binary'

when a.data_type='varchar'then'string'

else'未知类型'

end)," COMMENT '",COLUMN_COMMENT,"'" ),CHAR(10USING utf8)

orderby a.TABLE_NAME,a.ORDINAL_POSITION) ,

") COMMENT '",b.TABLE_COMMENT ,"'",CHAR(10USING utf8), "PARTITIONED BY (deal_date string COMMENT '数据日期')

ROW FORMAT SERDE 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.lazy.LazySimpleSerDe'

WITH SERDEPROPERTIES ('serialization.null.format' = 'null');",CHAR(10USING utf8)) AS ods_ddl

FROM

(

SELECT

TABLE_SCHEMA,

TABLE_NAME,

COLUMN_NAME,

ORDINAL_POSITION,

DATA_TYPE,

NUMERIC_PRECISION,

NUMERIC_SCALE,

COLUMN_COMMENT

FROM

information_schema.COLUMNS

WHERE

TABLE_SCHEMA='test_sql'

AND TABLE_NAME='amazon_fba_order_report'# 该条件限制单张张表的转换，可以注释掉，注释后为整个库的转换

) AS a

LEFTJOIN

information_schema.TABLES AS b

ON

a.TABLE_NAME=b.TABLE_NAME

AND a.TABLE_SCHEMA=b.TABLE_SCHEMA

where b.TABLE_TYPE='BASE TABLE'

GROUPBY

a.TABLE_NAME,

b.TABLE_COMMENT

;

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