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一.架构的演变过程

二.正确看待异步架构

1.优势

(1).削峰

降低了服务器的压力

(2).响应快

加快了服务器的响应速度,优化了用户体验

(3).降耦合

降低了服务器之间的耦合

(4).便于系统的升级

处理业务的时候，升级系统可以停用处理消息的服务器

2.劣势

(1).架构复杂

架构更加复杂,会依赖于队列(容器)

(2).及时性降低了

三.常见的队列

1.RabbitMQ

特点:使用频繁,上手快，易学

2.Redis

3.kafka

性能高，主要用于大型系统架构

四.Linux 内安装 RabbitMQ

1.安装erlang

A.检查是否安装了erlang环境

rpm -qa | grep erlang

B.卸载erlang

yum list | grep erlang
yun -y remove erlang-*
rm -rf /usr/lib64/erlang

C.设置仓储

curl -s https://packagecloud.io/install/repositories/rabbitmq/erlang/script.rpm.sh | sudo bash

D.安装erlang

yum install erlang

E.查看erlang版本号

erl

2.安装RabbitMQ

A.检查是否安装了RabbitMQ

rpm -qa | grep rabbitmq

B.卸载RabbitMQ

yum list | grep rabbitmq
yum -y remove rabbitmq-server.noarch

C.导入两个Key

rpm --import https://packagecloud.io/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-server/gpgkey
rpm --import https://packagecloud.io/gpg.key

D.下载包

curl -s https://packagecloud.io/install/repositories/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-server/script.rpm.sh | sudo bash

E.下载

wget https://github.com/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-server/releases/download/v3.8.5/rabbitmq-server-3.8.5-1.el8.noarch.rpm

F.导入Key

rpm --import https://www.rabbitmq.com/rabbitmq-release-signing-key.asc

G.添加RabbitMQ的依赖项

yum -y install epel-release
yum -y install socat

H.指定安装rabbitmq服务端

rpm -ivh rabbitmq-server-3.8.5-1.el8.noarch.rpm

I. 可视化RabbitMQ工具

rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management 

(1).可以通过浏览器可视化

rabbitmq可视化端口：15672

rabbitmq链接端口：5672

http://宿主机IP:15672/#/queues

(2).创建管理员账户

rabbitmqctl add_user richard richard

(3).设置注册账号为管理员

rabbitmqctl set_user_tags richard administrator

J.启动

systemctl start rabbitmq-server

K.放开端口

firewall-cmd --add-port=15672/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --add-port=5672/tcp --permanent
​
#重启防火墙
firewall-cmd --reload

五.Docker内安装RabbitMQ

1.Docker仓储查询RabbitMQ的镜像

docker search rabbitmq

2.拉取RabbitMQ镜像

docker pull rabbitmq

3.通过镜像启动RabbitMQ容器

1.第一个映射端口是可视化端口号

2.第二个映射端口是链接端口号

docker run -d -name Yp_rabbitmq -p 15677:15672 -p 5677:5672 镜像ID

4.进入到RabbitMq容器内安装可视化插件

docker ps -a
docker exec -it 容器ID bash
rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management
​

5.重启RabbitMQ容器

docker ps -a  
docker restart 容器ID

6.访问RabbitMQ可视化界面

A.地址: http://宿主机的IP:第三步指定可视化端口号

B.默认账号:guest

C.默认密码:guest

六.程序链接RabbitMQ

1.创建消息生产者

A.Nuget引入RabbitMQ Client

引入帮助类库

B.创建链接工厂

ConnectionFactory factory= new ConnectionFactory(); //创建链接工厂
factory.HostName = "192.168.1.21";
factory.UserName = "yangpeng";
factory.Password = "yangpeng";
factory.Port = 5672; //默认端口号是：5672
​

C.基于链接工厂创建链接

​
ConnectionFactory factory= new ConnectionFactory(); //创建链接工厂
factory.HostName = "192.168.1.21";
factory.UserName = "yangpeng";
factory.Password = "yangpeng";
factory.Port = 5672; //默认端口号是：5672
​
using (IConnection connection = factory.CreateConnection()) //创建链接
{
    
}

D.创建信道

ConnectionFactory factory= new ConnectionFactory(); //创建链接工厂
factory.HostName = "192.168.1.21";
factory.UserName = "yangpeng";
factory.Password = "yangpeng";
factory.Port = 5672; //默认端口号是：5672
​
using (IConnection connection = factory.CreateConnection())  //基于创建链接
{
    using (IModel channel = connection.CreateModel())  //基于链接创建信道
    {
        
    }
}

E.创建队列和交换机 绑定队列和交换机

ConnectionFactory factory= new ConnectionFactory(); //创建链接工厂
factory.HostName = "192.168.1.21";
factory.UserName = "yangpeng";
factory.Password = "yangpeng";
factory.Port = 5672; //默认端口号是：5672
​
using (IConnection connection = factory.CreateConnection())
{
    using (IModel channel = connection.CreateModel())
    {
        //创建队列
        channel.QueueDeclare(queue: "OnlyProducerMessage", durable: true, exclusive: false, autoDelete: false, arguments: null);
        //创建交换机
        channel.ExchangeDeclare(exchange: "OnlyProducerMessageExChange", type: ExchangeType.Direct, durable: true, autoDelete: false, arguments: null);
        //将队列和交换机绑定
        channel.QueueBind(queue: "OnlyProducerMessage", exchange: "OnlyProducerMessageExChange", routingKey: String.Empty, arguments: null);
    }
}

F.开始发送消息

ConnectionFactory factory= new ConnectionFactory(); //创建链接工厂
factory.HostName = "192.168.1.21";
factory.UserName = "yangpeng";
factory.Password = "yangpeng";
factory.Port = 5672; //默认端口号是：5672
​
using (IConnection connection = factory.CreateConnection())
{
    using (IModel channel = connection.CreateModel())
    {
        //创建队列
        channel.QueueDeclare(queue: "OnlyProducerMessage", durable: true, exclusive: false, autoDelete: false, arguments: null);
        //创建交换机
        channel.ExchangeDeclare(exchange: "OnlyProducerMessageExChange", type: ExchangeType.Direct, durable: true, autoDelete: false, arguments: null);
        //将队列和交换机绑定
        channel.QueueBind(queue: "OnlyProducerMessage", exchange: "OnlyProducerMessageExChange", routingKey: String.Empty, arguments: null);
    
        Console.ForegroundColor=ConsoleColor.Red;
        Console.WriteLine("生产者已经准备就绪");
​
        int i = 1;
​
        while (i <= 100)
        {
            string message = $"生成者发送第{i}条消息;";
            byte[] body=Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message);
            channel.BasicPublish(exchange: "OnlyProducerMessageExChange", routingKey: string.Empty, basicProperties: null, body: body);
            Console.WriteLine($"消息已发送{i}条");
            i++;
            Thread.Sleep(500);
        }
    }
}

2.创建消息消费者

ConnectionFactory factory= new ConnectionFactory(); //创建链接工厂
factory.HostName = "192.168.1.21";
factory.UserName = "yangpeng";
factory.Password = "yangpeng";
factory.Port = 5672; //默认端口号是：5672
​

C.基于链接工厂创建链接

ConnectionFactory factory= new ConnectionFactory(); //创建链接工厂
factory.HostName = "192.168.1.21";
factory.UserName = "yangpeng";
factory.Password = "yangpeng";
factory.Port = 5672; //默认端口号是：5672
​
using (IConnection connection = factory.CreateConnection()) //创建链接
{
    
}

D.创建信道

ConnectionFactory factory= new ConnectionFactory(); //创建链接工厂
factory.HostName = "192.168.1.21";
factory.UserName = "yangpeng";
factory.Password = "yangpeng";
factory.Port = 5672; //默认端口号是：5672
​
using (IConnection connection = factory.CreateConnection())  //基于创建链接
{
    using (IModel channel = connection.CreateModel())  //基于链接创建信道
    {
        
    }
}

七.RabbitMQ常见错误

1.解决：Stats in management UI are disabled on this node

docker exec -it 容器ID bash
cd /etc/rabbitmq/conf.d/
echo management_agent.disable_metrics_collector = false > management_agent.disable_metrics_collector.conf
​

2.解决：None of the specified endpoints were reachable

A.使用guest账号 进入web管理网站

B.然后选择Admin

C.点击需要用到的账号名称

D.找到 Set permission

E.点击Set permission 按钮

3.解决：The AMQP operation was interrupted: AMQP close-reason, initia

var factory = new ConnectionFactory();
​
factory.AutomaticRecoveryEnabled = true;   //设置端口后自动恢复连接属性即可

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