Ubuntu搭建全分布式Hadoop
2022/9/11 5:24:36
本文主要是介绍Ubuntu搭建全分布式Hadoop，对大家解决编程问题具有一定的参考价值，需要的程序猿们随着小编来一起学习吧！
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目录- 配置ssh免密登录
- 配置Java、hadoop环境
- 配置hadoop文件
- 配置hadoop-env.sh
- 配置yarm-env.sh
- 配置core-site.xml
- 配置hdfs-site.xml
- 配置yarm-site.xml
- 配置mapred-site.xml
- 配置workers文件
- 将jdk、Hadoop传输到其他节点
- 启动集群！！！
- start-dfs.sh启动dfs
- start-yarn.sh启动yarn
采用三台节点搭建全分布式
| 主机名 | IP地址 |
|---|---|
| master | 192.168.200.100 |
| slave1 | 192.168.200.101 |
| slave2 | 192.168.200.102 |
软件准备：Ubuntu22.04服务器版，VMware15版，Hadoop3.3.0，Java-jdk1.8，Xshell工具
环境准备：可以ping外网，已经安装ssh工具、vim工具，已经做好主机名映射
配置ssh免密登录
使用ssh-keygen命令，连续回车四下，三个节点同样操作
root@master:~# ssh-keygen Generating public/private rsa key pair. Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub #生成ssh目录公钥位置 The key fingerprint is: SHA256:8lXRWJH4Zoo83WxR3bc4VZq/gEDiUIaTbe50ixb1SOk root@master The key's randomart image is: +---[RSA 3072]----+ | .=+ .. .=oo=| | ++oo+ o.o+=| | +.+.o ..=.o| | + E.o.o=o | | + S.o+ B...| | * o+ o = .| | . . . . . | | | | | +----[SHA256]-----+ root@master:~# # 其他节点同样操作
使用ssh-copy-id -i 命令把密钥传输到所有节点
root@master:~# ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@master /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub" /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys root@master's password: Number of key(s) added: 1 Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh 'root@master'" and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added. root@master:~# root@master:~# ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@slave1 /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub" /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys root@slave2's password: Number of key(s) added: 1 Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh 'root@slave1'" and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added. root@master:~# root@master:~# ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@slave2 /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub" /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys root@slave2's password: Number of key(s) added: 1 Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh 'root@slave2'" and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added. root@master:~#
ssh测试是否可以免密登录三台节点
root@master:~# ssh master Welcome to Ubuntu 22.04 LTS (GNU/Linux 5.15.0-25-generic x86_64) * Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com * Management: https://landscape.canonical.com * Support: https://ubuntu.com/advantage System information as of Sat Sep 3 06:16:05 AM UTC 2022 System load: 0.15380859375 Processes: 226 Usage of /: 35.5% of 19.51GB Users logged in: 1 Memory usage: 13% IPv4 address for ens33: 192.168.200.100 Swap usage: 0% * Super-optimized for small spaces - read how we shrank the memory footprint of MicroK8s to make it the smallest full K8s around. https://ubuntu.com/blog/microk8s-memory-optimisation 110 updates can be applied immediately. 67 of these updates are standard security updates. To see these additional updates run: apt list --upgradable Last login: Sat Sep 3 06:11:27 2022 from 192.168.200.100 root@master:~# root@master:~# ssh slave1 Welcome to Ubuntu 22.04 LTS (GNU/Linux 5.15.0-25-generic x86_64) * Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com * Management: https://landscape.canonical.com * Support: https://ubuntu.com/advantage System information as of Sat Sep 3 06:16:42 AM UTC 2022 System load: 0.0166015625 Processes: 217 Usage of /: 35.4% of 19.51GB Users logged in: 1 Memory usage: 10% IPv4 address for ens33: 192.168.200.101 Swap usage: 0% 110 updates can be applied immediately. 67 of these updates are standard security updates. To see these additional updates run: apt list --upgradable Last login: Fri Sep 2 02:13:48 2022 from 192.168.200.100 root@slave1:~# root@master:~# ssh slave2 Welcome to Ubuntu 22.04 LTS (GNU/Linux 5.15.0-25-generic x86_64) * Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com * Management: https://landscape.canonical.com * Support: https://ubuntu.com/advantage System information as of Sat Sep 3 06:17:13 AM UTC 2022 System load: 0.01171875 Processes: 224 Usage of /: 35.3% of 19.51GB Users logged in: 1 Memory usage: 12% IPv4 address for ens33: 192.168.200.102 Swap usage: 0% * Super-optimized for small spaces - read how we shrank the memory footprint of MicroK8s to make it the smallest full K8s around. https://ubuntu.com/blog/microk8s-memory-optimisation 111 updates can be applied immediately. 67 of these updates are standard security updates. To see these additional updates run: apt list --upgradable Last login: Fri Sep 2 02:13:48 2022 from 192.168.200.100 root@slave2:~# # 测试完毕，master节点可以实现对master、slave1，slave2的ssh免密登录，其余二个节点同样操作
配置Java、hadoop环境
只需上传到master节点即可，配置完毕后远程传输其它节点
root@master:/home/huhy# ls hadoop-3.3.0.tar jdk-8u241-linux-x64.tar.gz root@master:/home/huhy# #上传包会默认放在用户目录下
解压jdk到/usr/local/目录下
root@master:/home/huhy# tar -zxvf jdk-8u241-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ root@master:/home/huhy# cd /usr/local/ root@master:/usr/local# ls bin etc games include jdk1.8.0_241 lib man sbin share src root@master:/usr/local# mv jdk1.8.0_241/ jdk1.8.0 # 使用mv改下名，待会儿方便写环境变量 root@master:/usr/local# root@master:/usr/local# ll total 44 drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 4096 Sep 3 06:47 ./ drwxr-xr-x 14 root root 4096 Apr 21 00:57 ../ drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 21 00:57 bin/ drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 21 00:57 etc/ drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 21 00:57 games/ drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 21 00:57 include/ drwxr-xr-x 7 10143 10143 4096 Dec 11 2019 jdk1.8.0/ drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Apr 21 01:00 lib/ lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Apr 21 00:57 man -> share/man/ drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 21 01:00 sbin/ drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Apr 21 01:01 share/ drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 21 00:57 src/ root@master:/usr/local# chown huhy:huhy jdk1.8.0/ root@master:/usr/local# ll total 44 drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 4096 Sep 3 06:47 ./ drwxr-xr-x 14 root root 4096 Apr 21 00:57 ../ drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 21 00:57 bin/ drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 21 00:57 etc/ drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 21 00:57 games/ drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 21 00:57 include/ drwxr-xr-x 7 huhy huhy 4096 Dec 11 2019 jdk1.8.0/ drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Apr 21 01:00 lib/ lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Apr 21 00:57 man -> share/man/ drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 21 01:00 sbin/ drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Apr 21 01:01 share/ drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 21 00:57 src/ root@master:/usr/local# # 把jdk文件的权限给huhy用户 root@master:/home/huhy# ls hadoop-3.3.0.tar jdk-8u241-linux-x64.tar.gz root@master:/home/huhy# tar -xvf hadoop-3.3.0.tar -C /usr/local/ #注意解压的参数少一个z root@master:/home/huhy# cd /usr/local/ root@master:/usr/local# ll total 48 drwxr-xr-x 12 root root 4096 Sep 3 07:09 ./ drwxr-xr-x 14 root root 4096 Apr 21 00:57 ../ drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 21 00:57 bin/ drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 21 00:57 etc/ drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 21 00:57 games/ drwxr-xr-x 10 root root 4096 Jul 15 2021 hadoop-3.3.0/ drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 21 00:57 include/ drwxr-xr-x 7 huhy huhy 4096 Dec 11 2019 jdk1.8.0/ drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Apr 21 01:00 lib/ lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Apr 21 00:57 man -> share/man/ drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 21 01:00 sbin/ drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Apr 21 01:01 share/ drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 21 00:57 src/ root@master:/usr/local# chown huhy:huhy hadoop-3.3.0/ root@master:/usr/local# ll total 48 drwxr-xr-x 12 root root 4096 Sep 3 07:09 ./ drwxr-xr-x 14 root root 4096 Apr 21 00:57 ../ drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 21 00:57 bin/ drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 21 00:57 etc/ drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 21 00:57 games/ drwxr-xr-x 10 huhy huhy 4096 Jul 15 2021 hadoop-3.3.0/ drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 21 00:57 include/ drwxr-xr-x 7 huhy huhy 4096 Dec 11 2019 jdk1.8.0/ drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Apr 21 01:00 lib/ lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Apr 21 00:57 man -> share/man/ drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 21 01:00 sbin/ drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Apr 21 01:01 share/ drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 21 00:57 src/ root@master:/usr/local#
设置/etc/profile用户环境变量
在/etc/profile.d/这个下面的创建一个my_env.sh来放我们的环境变量，每次sources时都会加载这里面的环境变量，就建议不要往/etc/profile下面直接添加
root@master:~# vim /etc/profile.d/my_env.sh #添加如下内容 #JAVA_HOME export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8.0 export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin #HADOOP_HOME export HADOOP_HOME=/usr/local/hadoop-3.3.0 export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_HOME/bin export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_HOME/sbin #解决后面启动集群的权限问题 export HDFS_NAMENODE_USER=root export HDFS_DATANODE_USER=root export HDFS_SECONDARYNAMENODE_USER=root export YARN_RESOURCEMANAGER_USER=root export YARN_NODEMANAGER_USER=root root@master:~# source /etc/profile root@master:~# java -version java version "1.8.0_241" Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_241-b07) Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.241-b07, mixed mode) root@master:~# hadoop version Hadoop 3.3.0 Source code repository Unknown -r Unknown Compiled by root on 2021-07-15T07:35Z Compiled with protoc 3.7.1 From source with checksum 5dc29b802d6ccd77b262ef9d04d19c4 This command was run using /usr/local/hadoop-3.3.0/share/hadoop/common/hadoop-common-3.3.0.jar root@master:~# #环境安装成功
配置hadoop文件
本次搭建完成集群的定制的四个配置文件，包括core-site.xml、hdfs.site.xml、yarn-site.xml、mapred-site.xml。以及hadoop-env.sh、yarm-env.sh两个环境变量指定文件
集群配置规划如下
1，NameNode和DataNode连个进程消耗内存较大，分别放于两个节点上
2，SecoundNameNode放于slave2节点上
3，每个节点上都有三个进程
| 参数名称 | master | slave1） | slave2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| hdfs | NameNode / DataNode | DataNode | SecondaryNameNode / DataNode |
| yarn | NodeManager | ResourceManager / NodeManager | NodeManager |
配置hadoop-env.sh
进入Hadoop配置文件位置，进行文件配置
root@master:/usr/local/hadoop-3.3.0/etc/hadoop# pwd /usr/local/hadoop-3.3.0/etc/hadoop root@master:/usr/local/hadoop-3.3.0/etc/hadoop# ls capacity-scheduler.xml httpfs-env.sh mapred-site.xml configuration.xsl httpfs-log4j.properties shellprofile.d container-executor.cfg httpfs-site.xml ssl-client.xml.example core-site.xml kms-acls.xml ssl-server.xml.example hadoop-env.cmd kms-env.sh user_ec_policies.xml.template hadoop-env.sh kms-log4j.properties workers hadoop-metrics2.properties kms-site.xml yarn-env.cmd hadoop-policy.xml log4j.properties yarn-env.sh hadoop-user-functions.sh.example mapred-env.cmd yarnservice-log4j.properties hdfs-rbf-site.xml mapred-env.sh yarn-site.xml hdfs-site.xml mapred-queues.xml.template root@master:/usr/local/hadoop-3.3.0/etc/hadoop# root@master:/usr/local/hadoop-3.3.0/etc/hadoop# vim hadoop-env.sh #直接在首行写入即可 export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8.0 #然后保存退出即可
配置yarm-env.sh
和hadoop-env.sh一样编辑java环境变量的位置
root@master:/usr/local/hadoop-3.3.0/etc/hadoop# vim yarn-env.sh #如果没有发现有改变量值，就在第一行添加即可 export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8.0
配置core-site.xml
该文件必须定义NameNode进程的URL、临时文件的存储目录以及顺序文件I/O缓存的大小
| 参数名称 | 作用 | 取值（示例） |
|---|---|---|
| fs.defaultFS | NameNode的URL | hdfs://master:8020/ |
| hadoop.tml.dir | 临时文件的缓存目录 | /opt/hadoop_dir/data |
root@master:/usr/local/hadoop-3.3.0/etc/hadoop# vim core-site.xml
<configuration>
<property>
<name>fs.defaultFS</name>
<value>hdfs://master:8020</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>
<value>/opt/hadoop_dir/data</value>
</property>
</configuration>
配置hdfs-site.xml
该文件用来设置HDFS的NameNode和DataNode两大进程的重要参数
NameNode、DataNode的重要参数
| 参数名称 | 作用 | 取值（示例） |
|---|---|---|
| dfs.namenode.http.address | 指定NameNode的访问地址 | master:9870 |
| dfs.namenode.secondary.http-address | 指定SecondaryName的访问地址 | slave2:9868 |
root@master:/usr/local/hadoop-3.3.0/etc/hadoop# vim hdfs-site.xml
<configuration>
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.http.address</name>
<value>master:9870</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.secondary.http-address</name>
<value>slave2:9868</value>
</property>
</configuration>
配置yarm-site.xml
该文件用来设置YARN的ResourceManager和NodeManager两大进程的重要配置参数
两大参数重要配置如下
| 参数名称 | 作用 | 取值（示例） |
|---|---|---|
| yarn.nodemanager.aux-services | 启用MapReduce程序 | mapreduce_shuffle |
| yarn.resourcemanager.hostname | 指定resourcesmanager的节点位置 | slave1 |
root@master:/usr/local/hadoop-3.3.0/etc/hadoop# vim yarn-site.xml
<configuration>
<property>
<name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name>
<value>mapreduce_shuffle</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.hostname</name>
<value>slave1</value>
</property>
</configuration>
配置mapred-site.xml
该文件用来配置MapReduce应用程序以及JobHistory服务器的重要配置参数
| 参数名称 | 作用 | 取值（示例） |
|---|---|---|
| mapreduce.framework.name | 为Hadoop Yarn设置可执行的框架 | yarn |
#如果是旧版本就要使用cp命令复制mapred-site.xml.template文件为mapred-site.xml，3版本不需要
root@master:/usr/local/hadoop-3.3.0/etc/hadoop# vim mapred-site.xml
<configuration>
<property>
<name>mapreduce.framework.name</name>
<value>yarn</value>
</property>
</configuration>
配置workers文件
root@master:/usr/local/hadoop-3.3.0/etc/hadoop# vim workers master slave1 slave2 #三台节点各占一行，不要有空格
将jdk、Hadoop传输到其他节点
使用scp命令传输两个文件后记得环境变量也要修改
root@master:~# scp -r /usr/local/hadoop-3.3.0/ slave1:/usr/local/ root@master:~# scp -r /usr/local/hadoop-3.3.0/ slave2:/usr/local/ root@master:~# scp -r /usr/local/jdk1.8.0/ slave1:/usr/local/ root@master:~# scp -r /usr/local/jdk1.8.0/ slave2:/usr/local/ #其他两个节点.bashrc配置如下环境变量 #JAVA_HOME export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8.0 export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin #HADOOP_HOME export HADOOP_HOME=/usr/local/hadoop-3.3.0 export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_HOME/bin export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_HOME/sbin export HDFS_NAMENODE_USER=root export HDFS_DATANODE_USER=root export HDFS_SECONDARYNAMENODE_USER=root export YARN_RESOURCEMANAGER_USER=root export YARN_NODEMANAGER_USER=root
测试从节点的环境变量
root@slave1:~# source /etc/profile root@slave1:~# java -version java version "1.8.0_241" Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_241-b07) Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.241-b07, mixed mode) root@slave1:~# hadoop version Hadoop 3.3.0 Source code repository Unknown -r Unknown Compiled by root on 2021-07-15T07:35Z Compiled with protoc 3.7.1 From source with checksum 5dc29b802d6ccd77b262ef9d04d19c4 This command was run using /usr/local/hadoop-3.3.0/share/hadoop/common/hadoop-common-3.3.0.jar root@slave1:~# root@slave2:~# source /etc/profile root@slave2:~# java -version java version "1.8.0_241" Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_241-b07) Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.241-b07, mixed mode) root@slave2:~# hadoop version Hadoop 3.3.0 Source code repository Unknown -r Unknown Compiled by root on 2021-07-15T07:35Z Compiled with protoc 3.7.1 From source with checksum 5dc29b802d6ccd77b262ef9d04d19c4 This command was run using /usr/local/hadoop-3.3.0/share/hadoop/common/hadoop-common-3.3.0.jar root@slave2:~# #节点配置完毕，可以开启集群了
启动集群！！！
第一次使用HDFS时，必须首先在master节点执行格式化命令创建一个新分布式文件系统，然后才能正常启动NameNode服务，过程中应该没有任何的报错！！
root@master:/usr/local/hadoop-3.3.0/etc/hadoop# hdfs namenode -format 2022-09-09 12:23:07,392 INFO namenode.NameNode: STARTUP_MSG: /************************************************************ STARTUP_MSG: Starting NameNode STARTUP_MSG: host = master/192.168.200.100 STARTUP_MSG: args = [-format] STARTUP_MSG: version = 3.3.0 ...................... /************************************************************ SHUTDOWN_MSG: Shutting down NameNode at master/192.168.200.100 ************************************************************/ root@master:~# #最后输出SHUTDOWN_MSG: Shutting down NameNode at master/192.168.200.100则表明成功
如果集群启动失败了！！！一定要停止namenode和datanode进程，然后删除所有节点的data和logs目录，然后再进行格式化！！！
可直接启动集群所有服务，2版本的Hadoop是需要在sbin目录下启动
start-dfs.sh启动dfs
root@master:~# start-dfs.sh Starting namenodes on [master] Starting datanodes Starting secondary namenodes [slave2] root@master:~# jps 6386 NameNode 6775 Jps 6535 DataNode root@master:~# root@slave2:~# jps 4627 DataNode 4806 Jps 4766 SecondaryNameNode root@slave2:~# #启动后namenode运行在master，secoundnamenode运行在slave2
web访问hdfs；192.168.200.100:9870
start-yarn.sh启动yarn
在slave1上启动
root@slave1:~# start-yarn.sh Starting resourcemanager Starting nodemanagers root@slave1:~# jps 6567 DataNode 7259 Jps 6893 NodeManager 6734 ResourceManager root@slave1:~#
web访问yarn；192.168.200.101:8088
也可以一键使用start-all.sh和stop-all.sh，来启动所有的进程和关闭所有的进程
到此集群搭建完毕！！
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