Docker运行Django框架
2023/6/5 14:23:39
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Django框架
创建django-pg项目目录
[root@docker ~]# mkdir docker-compose-django [root@docker ~]# cd docker-compose-django/ [root@docker docker-compose-django]# mkdir django-pg
在项目目录下创建docker-compose.yml文件
- 该文件定义了两个服务,一个是名为db的Postgres数据库,另一个是名为web的Django应用程序
#进入django-pg根目录,配置docker-compose.yml,注意选项和参数之间的空格,不能用Tab键,只能用空格键 #选项与选项之间有层级关系,注意对齐 [root@docker ~]# cd docker-compose-django/django-pg [root@docker django-pg]# vim docker-compose.yml version: '3' services: db: image: postgres environment: - POSTGRES_DB=postgres - POSTGRES_USER=postgres - POSTGRES_PASSWORD=postgres volumes: - db_data:/var/lib/postgresql web: build: . command: python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000 volumes: - .:/code ports: - "8000:8000" depends_on: - db volumes: db_data: {} #在该目录下使用docker-compose config命令以此来检查配置文件参数是否有误,未报错即可 [root@docker django-pg]# docker-compose config name: django-pg services: db: environment: POSTGRES_DB: postgres POSTGRES_PASSWORD: postgres POSTGRES_USER: postgres image: postgres networks: default: null volumes: - type: volume source: db_data target: /var/lib/postgresql volume: {} web: build: context: /root/docker-compose-django/django-pg dockerfile: Dockerfile command: - python - manage.py - runserver - 0.0.0.0:8000 depends_on: db: condition: service_started networks: default: null ports: - mode: ingress target: 8000 published: "8000" protocol: tcp volumes: - type: bind source: /root/docker-compose-django/django-pg target: /code bind: create_host_path: true networks: default: name: django-pg_default volumes: db_data: name: django-pg_db_data
在项目目录下创建requirements.txt文件
- requirements.txt文件用于记录所有依赖包及其精确的版本号,隶属于Python
#进入django-pg根目录,配置requirements.txt [root@docker ~]# cd docker-compose-django/django-pg [root@docker django-pg]# vim requirements.txt Django>=2.0,<3.0 psycopg2>=2.7,<3.0
在项目目录下创建Dockerfile文件
#进入django-pg根目录,配置Dockerfile [root@docker ~]# cd docker-compose-django/django-pg [root@docker django-pg]# vim Dockerfile #从Python 3父镜像开始 FROM python:3 ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED 1 #在镜像中添加code项目 RUN mkdir /code WORKDIR /code COPY requirements.txt /code/ #在镜像中安装由requirements.txt文件指定要安装的Python依赖 RUN pip install -r requirements.txt COPY . /code/
在项目目录下创建Django项目,构建上下文
#进入django-pg根目录,执行docker-compose run命令 [root@docker ~]# cd docker-compose-django/django-pg [root@docker django-pg]# docker-compose run web django-admin startproject myexample . .....(过程略) #此时会去拉取镜像进行构建
查看服务列表
[root@docker django-pg]# docker-compose ps NAME COMMAND SERVICE STATUS PORTS django-pg-db-1 "docker-entrypoint.s…" db running 5432/tcp #状态为runnning,端口5432开放即可
设置Django数据库连接
- 以下配置参数是由docker-compose.yml文件所指定的postgres镜像所决定
#执行完docker-conmpose构建后在目录下会生成两个文件 [root@docker django-pg]# ls -l total 16 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 385 Jun 5 10:16 docker-compose.yml -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 152 May 30 14:22 Dockerfile -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 629 Jun 5 10:32 manage.py drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 93 Jun 5 10:57 myexample -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 36 May 30 14:14 requirements.txt #编辑myexample/settings.py文件,修改‘DATABASES’选项参数和‘ALLOWED_HOSTS’选项参数 [root@docker django-pg]# vim myexample/settings.py DATABASES = { 'default': { 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql', 'NAME': 'postgres', 'USER': 'postgres', 'PASSWORD': 'postgres', 'HOST': 'db', 'PORT': 5432, } } ALLOWED_HOSTS = ["192.168.88.101"] #这里设置为你自己主机的IP,要用双引号引起来
启动Django应用程序
#在django-pg根目录下执行docker-compose up命令 [root@docker django-pg]# docker-compose up [+] Running 2/0 ⠿ Container django-pg-db-1 Created 0.0s ⠿ Container django-pg-web-1 Created 0.0s Attaching to django-pg-db-1, django-pg-web-1 django-pg-db-1 | django-pg-db-1 | PostgreSQL Database directory appears to contain a database; Skipping initialization django-pg-db-1 | django-pg-db-1 | 2023-06-05 03:34:41.145 UTC [1] LOG: starting PostgreSQL 15.3 (Debian 15.3-1.pgdg110+1) on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (Debian 10.2.1-6) 10.2.1 20210110, 64-bit django-pg-db-1 | 2023-06-05 03:34:41.146 UTC [1] LOG: listening on IPv4 address "0.0.0.0", port 5432 django-pg-db-1 | 2023-06-05 03:34:41.146 UTC [1] LOG: listening on IPv6 address "::", port 5432 django-pg-db-1 | 2023-06-05 03:34:41.148 UTC [1] LOG: listening on Unix socket "/var/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5432" django-pg-db-1 | 2023-06-05 03:34:41.152 UTC [28] LOG: database system was shut down at 2023-06-05 02:59:33 UTC django-pg-db-1 | 2023-06-05 03:34:41.155 UTC [1] LOG: database system is ready to accept connections django-pg-web-1 | Watching for file changes with StatReloader django-pg-web-1 | Performing system checks... django-pg-web-1 | django-pg-web-1 | System check identified no issues (0 silenced). django-pg-web-1 | django-pg-web-1 | You have 17 unapplied migration(s). Your project may not work properly until you apply the migrations for app(s): admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions. django-pg-web-1 | Run 'python manage.py migrate' to apply them. django-pg-web-1 | June 05, 2023 - 03:34:42 django-pg-web-1 | Django version 2.2.28, using settings 'myexample.settings' django-pg-web-1 | Starting development server at http://0.0.0.0:8000/ django-pg-web-1 | Quit the server with CONTROL-C. #注意这里不要ctrl C掐掉服务进程了,直接去浏览器访问
再次查看服务列表
#另启一个终端查看服务,#进入django-pg根目录 [root@docker ~]# cd docker-compose-django/django-pg [root@docker django-pg]# docker-compose ps NAME COMMAND SERVICE STATUS PORTS django-pg-db-1 "docker-entrypoint.s…" db running 5432/tcp django-pg-web-1 "python manage.py ru…" web running 0.0.0.0:8000->8000/tcp, :::8000->8000/tcp #8000端口已映射,状态running
web访问Django主页
http://192.168.88.101:8000
注意这里的IP是'ALLOWED_HOSTS‘参数设置的本机IP
关闭并清理服务
#先ctrl c掐掉进程,然后删除服务与其对应的卷,最后删除项目目录即可 [root@docker django-pg]# docker-compose down --volumes
关于Docker容器运行Django框架时的问题
1,docker-compose.yml文件中关于db的部分配置应是这样: db: image: postgres environment: - POSTGRES_DB=postgres - POSTGRES_USER=postgres - POSTGRES_PASSWORD=postgres volumes: - db_data:/var/lib/postgresql 上述需设置环境,指定用户名,密码和数据库,这是为了解决django-pg-db-1容器无法正常运行,启动自动退出的问题 2,与此对应的myexample/settings.py文件中DATABASES配置应如下: DATABASES = { 'default': { 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql', 'NAME': 'postgres', 'USER': 'postgres', 'PASSWORD': 'postgres', 'HOST': 'db', 'PORT': 5432, } } 3,值得注意的一点,在myexample/settings.py文件中需设置网页访问地址IP参数否则浏览器无法正常访问django页面: ALLOWED_HOSTS = [] #这个选项中括号里面填入Docker主机IP即可,注意要用双引号引起来
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