使用PHPUnit进行单元测试并生成代码覆盖率报告的方法

#查看composer的全局bin目录 将其加入系统 path 路径 方便后续直接运行安装的命令
composer global config bin-dir --absolute
#全局安装 phpunit
composer global require --dev phpunit/phpunit
#查看版本
phpunit --version

mkdir unit && cd unit && mkdir app tests reports
#结构如下
./
├── app #存放业务代码
├── reports #存放覆盖率报告
└── tests #存放单元测试

#一路回车即可
composer init

#注册命名空间
vi composer.json
...
  "autoload": {
    "psr-4": {
      "App\\": "app/",
      "Tests\\": "tests/"
    }
  }
...
#更新命名空间
composer dump-autoload

#安装 phpunit 组件库
composer require --dev phpunit/phpunit

<?php
namespace App;

class Example
{
  private $msg = "hello world";

  public function getTrue()
  {
    return true;
  }

  public function getFalse()
  {
    return false;
  }

  public function setMsg($value)
  {
    $this->msg = $value;
  }

  public function getMsg()
  {
    return $this->msg;
  }
}

<?php
namespace Tests;

use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase as BaseTestCase;
use App\Example;

class ExampleTest extends BaseTestCase
{
  public function testGetTrue()
  {
    $example = new Example();
    $result = $example->getTrue();
    $this->assertTrue($result);
  }
  
  public function testGetFalse()
  {
    $example = new Example();
    $result = $example->getFalse();
    $this->assertFalse($result);
  }
  
  public function testGetMsg()
  {
    $example = new Example();
    $result = $example->getTrue();
    // $result is world not big_cat
    $this->assertEquals($result, "hello big_cat");
  }
}

[root@localhost unit]# phpunit --bootstrap=vendor/autoload.php \
tests/

PHPUnit 6.5.14 by Sebastian Bergmann and contributors.

..F                                 3 / 3 (100%)

Time: 61 ms, Memory: 4.00MB

There was 1 failure:

1) Tests\ExampleTest::testGetMsg
Failed asserting that 'hello big_cat' matches expected true.

/opt/unit/tests/ExampleTest.php:27
/root/.config/composer/vendor/phpunit/phpunit/src/TextUI/Command.php:195
/root/.config/composer/vendor/phpunit/phpunit/src/TextUI/Command.php:148

FAILURES!
Tests: 3, Assertions: 3, Failures: 1.

--coverage-clover <file>  Generate code coverage report in Clover XML format.
--coverage-crap4j <file>  Generate code coverage report in Crap4J XML format.
--coverage-html <dir>    Generate code coverage report in HTML format.
--coverage-php <file>    Export PHP_CodeCoverage object to file.
--coverage-text=<file>   Generate code coverage report in text format.
--coverage-xml <dir>    Generate code coverage report in PHPUnit XML format.

phpunit \
--bootstrap vendor/autoload.php \
--coverage-html=reports/ \
--whitelist app/ \
tests/
#查看覆盖率报告
cd reports/ && php -S 0.0.0.0:8899

testObj = new ExampleTest();
testObj->testMethod1();
testObj->testMethod2();

testObj1 = new ExampleTest();
testObj1->testMethod1();

testObj2 = new ExampleTest();
testObj2->testMethod2();

public static function setUpBeforeClass()/tearDownAfterClass()//测试类构建/解构时调用
protected function setUp()/tearDown()//测试方法执行前/后调用
protected function assertPreConditions()/assertPostConditions()//断言前/后调用

#测试类基境构建
setUpBeforeClass

#new一个测试类对象
#第一个测试用例
setUp
assertPreConditions
assertPostConditions
tearDown

#new一个测试类对象
#第二个测试用例
setUp
assertPreConditions
assertPostConditions
tearDown
...

#测试类基境解构
tearDownAfterClass

<?php
namespace Tests;

use App\Example;
use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase as BaseTestCase;

class ExampleTest extends BaseTestCase
{
  // 类静态属性
  private static $example;

  public static function setUpBeforeClass()
  {
    self::$example = new Example();
  }

  public function testGetTrue()
  {
    // 类的静态属性更新
    self::$example->setMsg("hello big_cat");
    $result = self::$example->getTrue();
    $this->assertTrue($result);
  }

  public function testGetFalse()
  {
    $result = self::$example->getFalse();
    $this->assertFalse($result);
  }

  /**
   * 依赖 testGetTrue 执行完毕
   * @depends testGetTrue
   * @return [type] [description]
   */
  public function testGetMsg()
  {
    $result = self::$example->getMsg();
    $this->assertEquals($result, "hello big_cat");
  }
}

public function testMethod1()
{
  $this->assertTrue(true);
  return "hello";
}

/**
 * @depends testMethod1
 */
public function testMethod2($str)
{
  $this->assertEquals("hello", $str);
}

#执行模式大概如下
testObj1 = new Test;
$str = testObj1->testMethod1();

testObj2 = new Test;
testObj2->testMethod2($str);

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<phpunit backupGlobals="false"
     backupStaticAttributes="false"
     bootstrap="./vendor/autoload.php"
     colors="true"
     convertErrorsToExceptions="true"
     convertNoticesToExceptions="true"
     convertWarningsToExceptions="true"
     processIsolation="false"
     stopOnFailure="false">
  <testsuites>
    <!--可以定义多个 suffix 用于指定待执行的测试类文件后缀-->
    <testsuite name="Tests">
      <directory suffix="Test.php">./test</directory>
    </testsuite>
  </testsuites>
  <filter>
    <whitelist processUncoveredFilesFromWhitelist="true">
      <!--可以定义多个 对./app下的业务代码做覆盖率统计-->
      <directory suffix=".php">./app</directory>
    </whitelist>
  </filter>
  <logging>
    <!--覆盖率报告生成类型和输出目录 lowUpperBound低覆盖率阈值 highLowerBound高覆盖率阈值-->
    <log type="coverage-html" target="./reports" lowUpperBound="35" highLowerBound="70"/>
  </logging>
</phpunit>

[root@localhost unit]# phpunit 
PHPUnit 6.5.14 by Sebastian Bergmann and contributors.

Time: 81 ms, Memory: 4.00MB

No tests executed!

Generating code coverage report in HTML format ... done