HanLP — 汉字转拼音，简繁转换 -- JAVA

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HanLP 在汉字转拼音时，可以解决多音字问题，显示输出声调，声母、韵母，通过训练语料库，
本文代码为《自然语言处理入门》配套版本 HanLP-1.7.5

HanLP 里，汉字转简单，简体繁体转换，都用到了 双数组字典树 (Double-array Trie)、Aho-Corasick DoubleArrayTire 算法 ACDAT - 基于双数组字典树的AC自动机 需要先熟悉

对重载不是重任进行转拼音，效果如下：

原文：重载不是重任
拼音（数字音调）：chong2,zai3,bu2,shi4,zhong4,ren4,
拼音（符号音调）：chóng,zǎi,bú,shì,zhòng,rèn,
拼音（无音调）：chong,zai,bu,shi,zhong,ren,
声调：2,3,2,4,4,4,
声母：ch,z,b,sh,zh,r,
韵母：ong,ai,u,i,ong,en,
输入法头：ch,z,b,sh,zh,r,

语料库

pinyin.txt

一丁点儿=yi1,ding1,dian3,er5
一不小心=yi1,bu4,xiao3,xin1
一丘之貉=yi1,qiu1,zhi1,he2
一丝不差=yi4,si1,bu4,cha1
一丝不苟=yi1,si1,bu4,gou3
一个=yi1,ge4
一个半个=yi1,ge4,ban4,ge4
一个巴掌拍不响=yi1,ge4,ba1,zhang3,pai1,bu4,xiang3
一个萝卜一个坑=yi1,ge4,luo2,bo5,yi1,ge4,keng1
一举两得=yi1,ju3,liang3,de2
一之为甚=yi1,zhi1,wei2,shen4

训练

训练，生成 pinyin.txt.bin

加载语料库

HanLP-1.7.5\src\main\java\com\hankcs\hanlp\corpus\dictionary\SimpleDictionary.java
加载语料库，每行读取，按 = 分隔，放入字典 trie 中

根据 = 右边每个字的拼音，通过 Pinyin.valueOf("yi1") 得到枚举中声母、韵母、音调、包含音调的字符串形式、不含音调的字符串形式

public enum Pinyin
{
    a1(Shengmu.none, Yunmu.a, 1, "ā", "a", Head.a, 'a'),
    a2(Shengmu.none, Yunmu.a, 2, "á", "a", Head.a, 'a'),
    a3(Shengmu.none, Yunmu.a, 3, "ǎ", "a", Head.a, 'a'),
    a4(Shengmu.none, Yunmu.a, 4, "à", "a", Head.a, 'a'),
    a5(Shengmu.none, Yunmu.a, 5, "a", "a", Head.a, 'a'),
    ai1(Shengmu.none, Yunmu.ai, 1, "āi", "ai", Head.a, 'a'),
    ai2(Shengmu.none, Yunmu.ai, 2, "ái", "ai", Head.a, 'a'),
    ai3(Shengmu.none, Yunmu.ai, 3, "ǎi", "ai", Head.a, 'a'),
    ai4(Shengmu.none, Yunmu.ai, 4, "ài", "ai", Head.a, 'a'),
    ......
}

训练模型

将Map构建成双数组树`trie.build(map)``，可查看：HanLP — 双数组字典树 (Double-array Trie) 实现原理 -- 代码 + 图文，看不懂你来打我

public void build(TreeMap<String, V> map)
{
    // 把值保存下来
    v = (V[]) map.values().toArray();
    l = new int[v.length];
    Set<String> keySet = map.keySet();
    // 构建二分trie树
    addAllKeyword(keySet);
    // 在二分trie树的基础上构建双数组trie树
    buildDoubleArrayTrie(keySet);
    used = null;
    // 构建failure表并且合并output表
    constructFailureStates();
    rootState = null;
    loseWeight();
}

保存模型

通过 saveDat(path, trie, map.entrySet()); 生成模型文件

static boolean saveDat(String path, AhoCorasickDoubleArrayTrie<Pinyin[]> trie, Set<Map.Entry<String, Pinyin[]>> entrySet)
{
    try
    {
        DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(new BufferedOutputStream(IOUtil.newOutputStream(path + Predefine.BIN_EXT)));
        out.writeInt(entrySet.size());
        for (Map.Entry<String, Pinyin[]> entry : entrySet)
        {
            Pinyin[] value = entry.getValue();
            out.writeInt(value.length);
            for (Pinyin pinyin : value)
            {
                out.writeInt(pinyin.ordinal());
            }
        }
        trie.save(out);
        out.close();
    }
    catch (Exception e)
    {
        logger.warning("缓存值dat" + path + "失败");
        return false;
    }
    return true;
}

/**
 * 持久化
 *
 * @param out 一个DataOutputStream
 * @throws Exception 可能的IO异常等
 */
public void save(DataOutputStream out) throws Exception
{
    out.writeInt(size);
    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
    {
        out.writeInt(base[i]);
        out.writeInt(check[i]);
        out.writeInt(fail[i]);
        int output[] = this.output[i];
        if (output == null)
        {
            out.writeInt(0);
        }
        else
        {
            out.writeInt(output.length);
            for (int o : output)
            {
                out.writeInt(o);
            }
        }
    }
    out.writeInt(l.length);
    for (int length : l)
    {
        out.writeInt(length);
    }
}

加载模型

// path = data/dictionary/pinyin/pinyin.txt
static boolean loadDat(String path)
{
    ByteArray byteArray = ByteArray.createByteArray(path + Predefine.BIN_EXT);
    if (byteArray == null) return false;
    int size = byteArray.nextInt();
    Pinyin[][] valueArray = new Pinyin[size][];
    for (int i = 0; i < valueArray.length; ++i)
    {
        int length = byteArray.nextInt();
        valueArray[i] = new Pinyin[length];
        for (int j = 0; j < length; ++j)
        {
            valueArray[i][j] = pinyins[byteArray.nextInt()];
        }
    }
    if (!trie.load(byteArray, valueArray)) return false;
    return true;
}

public boolean load(ByteArray byteArray, V[] value)
{
    if (byteArray == null) return false;
    size = byteArray.nextInt();
    base = new int[size + 65535];   // 多留一些，防止越界
    check = new int[size + 65535];
    fail = new int[size + 65535];
    output = new int[size + 65535][];
    int length;
    for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i)
    {
        base[i] = byteArray.nextInt();
        check[i] = byteArray.nextInt();
        fail[i] = byteArray.nextInt();
        length = byteArray.nextInt();
        if (length == 0) continue;
        output[i] = new int[length];
        for (int j = 0; j < output[i].length; ++j)
        {
            output[i][j] = byteArray.nextInt();
        }
    }
    length = byteArray.nextInt();
    l = new int[length];
    for (int i = 0; i < l.length; ++i)
    {
        l[i] = byteArray.nextInt();
    }
    v = value;
    return true;
}

计算

通过 HanLP — Aho-Corasick DoubleArrayTire 算法 ACDAT - 基于双数组字典树的AC自动机 找出汉字的拼音

调用

public static void main(String[] args)
{
    String text = "重载不是重任";
    List<Pinyin> pinyinList = HanLP.convertToPinyinList(text);
    System.out.print("原文：");
    for (char c : text.toCharArray())
    {
        System.out.printf("%c", c);
    }
    System.out.println();

    System.out.print("拼音（数字音调）：");
    for (Pinyin pinyin : pinyinList)
    {
        System.out.printf("%s,", pinyin);
    }
    System.out.println();

    System.out.print("拼音（符号音调）：");
    for (Pinyin pinyin : pinyinList)
    {
        System.out.printf("%s,", pinyin.getPinyinWithToneMark());
    }
    System.out.println();

    System.out.print("拼音（无音调）：");
    for (Pinyin pinyin : pinyinList)
    {
        System.out.printf("%s,", pinyin.getPinyinWithoutTone());
    }
    System.out.println();

    System.out.print("声调：");
    for (Pinyin pinyin : pinyinList)
    {
        System.out.printf("%s,", pinyin.getTone());
    }
    System.out.println();

    System.out.print("声母：");
    for (Pinyin pinyin : pinyinList)
    {
        System.out.printf("%s,", pinyin.getShengmu());
    }
    System.out.println();

    System.out.print("韵母：");
    for (Pinyin pinyin : pinyinList)
    {
        System.out.printf("%s,", pinyin.getYunmu());
    }
    System.out.println();

    System.out.print("输入法头：");
    for (Pinyin pinyin : pinyinList)
    {
        System.out.printf("%s,", pinyin.getHead());
    }
    System.out.println();
}

输出：

原文：重载不是重任
拼音（数字音调）：chong2,zai3,bu2,shi4,zhong4,ren4,
拼音（符号音调）：chóng,zǎi,bú,shì,zhòng,rèn,
拼音（无音调）：chong,zai,bu,shi,zhong,ren,
声调：2,3,2,4,4,4,
声母：ch,z,b,sh,zh,r,
韵母：ong,ai,u,i,ong,en,
输入法头：ch,z,b,sh,zh,r,

数据下载：http://download.hanlp.com/data-for-1.7.5.zip

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