C语言读取BMP图像数据的源码

/* File name:   bmpTest.c
   Author:      WanChuan XianSheng
   Date:        Oct 01, 2011
   Description: Show all Info a bmp file has. including
   FileHeader Info, InfoHeader Info and Data Part.

   Reference: BMP图像数据的C语言读取源码
*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#define BITMAPFILEHEADERLENGTH 14   // The bmp FileHeader length is 14
#define BM 19778                    // The ASCII code for BM

/* Test the file is bmp file or not */
void bmpFileTest(FILE* fpbmp);
/* To get the OffSet of header to data part */
void bmpHeaderPartLength(FILE* fpbmp);
/* To get the width and height of the bmp file */
void BmpWidthHeight(FILE* fpbmp);
/* Show bmp file tagBITMAPFILEHEADER info */
void bmpFileHeader(FILE* fpbmp);
/* Show bmp file tagBITMAPINFOHEADER info */
void bmpInfoHeader(FILE* fpbmp);
/* Show the Data Part of bmp file */
void bmpDataPart(FILE* fpbmp);

unsigned int OffSet = 0;    // OffSet from Header part to Data Part
long BmpWidth = 0;          // The Width of the Data Part
long BmpHeight = 0;         // The Height of the Data Part

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
     /* Open bmp file */
     FILE *fpbmp = fopen("lena.bmp", "r+");
     if (fpbmp == NULL)
     {
      fprintf(stderr, "Open lena.bmp failed!!!\n");
      return 1;
     }

     bmpFileTest(fpbmp);                //Test the file is bmp file or not
     bmpHeaderPartLength(fpbmp);        //Get the length of Header Part
     BmpWidthHeight(fpbmp);             //Get the width and width of the Data Part
     //bmpFileHeader(fpbmp);            //Show the FileHeader Information
     //bmpInfoHeader(fpbmp);            //Show the InfoHeader Information
     bmpDataPart(fpbmp);                //Reserve the data to file

     fclose(fpbmp);
     return 0;
}

/* Test the file is bmp file or not */
void bmpFileTest(FILE* fpbmp)
{    
     unsigned short bfType = 0;
     fseek(fpbmp, 0L, SEEK_SET);
     fread(&bfType, sizeof(char), 2, fpbmp);
     if (BM != bfType)
     {
      fprintf(stderr, "This file is not bmp file.!!!\n");
      exit(1);
     }
}

/* To get the OffSet of header to data part */
void bmpHeaderPartLength(FILE* fpbmp)
{
     fseek(fpbmp, 10L, SEEK_SET);
     fread(&OffSet, sizeof(char), 4, fpbmp);   
     //printf("The Header Part is of length %d.\n", OffSet);
}

/* To get the width and height of the bmp file */
void BmpWidthHeight(FILE* fpbmp)
{
     fseek(fpbmp, 18L, SEEK_SET);
     fread(&BmpWidth, sizeof(char), 4, fpbmp);
     fread(&BmpHeight, sizeof(char), 4, fpbmp);
     //printf("The Width of the bmp file is %ld.\n", BmpWidth);
     //printf("The Height of the bmp file is %ld.\n", BmpHeight);
}

/* Show bmp file tagBITMAPFILEHEADER info */
void bmpFileHeader(FILE* fpbmp)
{
     unsigned short bfType;              //UNIT        bfType;
     unsigned int   bfSize;              //DWORD       bfSize;
     unsigned short bfReserved1;         //UINT        bfReserved1;
     unsigned short bfReserved2;         //UINT        bfReserved2;
     unsigned int   bfOffBits;           //DWORD       bfOffBits;

     fseek(fpbmp, 0L, SEEK_SET);

     fread(&bfType,      sizeof(char), 2, fpbmp);
     fread(&bfSize,      sizeof(char), 4, fpbmp);
     fread(&bfReserved1, sizeof(char), 2, fpbmp);
     fread(&bfReserved2, sizeof(char), 2, fpbmp);
     fread(&bfOffBits,   sizeof(char), 4, fpbmp);

     printf("************************************************\n");
     printf("*************tagBITMAPFILEHEADER info***********\n");
     printf("************************************************\n");
     printf("bfType              is %d.\n", bfType);
     printf("bfSize              is %d.\n", bfSize);
     printf("bfReserved1         is %d.\n", bfReserved1);
     printf("bfReserved2         is %d.\n", bfReserved2);
     printf("bfOffBits           is %d.\n", bfOffBits);
}

/* Show bmp file tagBITMAPINFOHEADER info */
void bmpInfoHeader(FILE* fpbmp)
{
     unsigned int biSize;              // DWORD        biSize;
     long         biWidth;                // LONG         biWidth;
     long         biHeight;               // LONG         biHeight;
     unsigned int biPlanes;               // WORD         biPlanes;
     unsigned int biBitCount;             // WORD         biBitCount;
     unsigned int biCompression;          // DWORD        biCompression;
     unsigned int biSizeImage;            // DWORD        biSizeImage;
     long         biXPelsPerMerer;        // LONG         biXPelsPerMerer;
     long           biYPelsPerMerer;        // LONG         biYPelsPerMerer;
     unsigned int biClrUsed;              // DWORD        biClrUsed;
     unsigned int biClrImportant;         // DWORD        biClrImportant;

     fseek(fpbmp, 14L, SEEK_SET);

     fread(&biSize,          sizeof(char), 4, fpbmp);
     fread(&biWidth,         sizeof(char), 4, fpbmp);
     fread(&biHeight,        sizeof(char), 4, fpbmp);
     fread(&biPlanes,        sizeof(char), 4, fpbmp);
     fread(&biBitCount,      sizeof(char), 4, fpbmp);
     fread(&biCompression,   sizeof(char), 4, fpbmp);
     fread(&biSizeImage,     sizeof(char), 4, fpbmp);
     fread(&biXPelsPerMerer, sizeof(char), 4, fpbmp);
     fread(&biYPelsPerMerer, sizeof(char), 4, fpbmp);
     fread(&biClrUsed,       sizeof(char), 4, fpbmp);
     fread(&biClrImportant,  sizeof(char), 4, fpbmp);

     printf("************************************************\n");
     printf("*************tagBITMAPINFOHEADER info***********\n");
     printf("************************************************\n");
     printf("biSize              is %d. \n", biSize);
     printf("biWidth             is %ld.\n", biWidth);
     printf("biHeight            is %ld.\n", biHeight);
     printf("biPlanes            is %d. \n", biPlanes);
     printf("biBitCount          is %d. \n", biBitCount);
     printf("biCompression       is %d. \n", biCompression);
     printf("biSizeImage         is %d. \n", biSizeImage);
     printf("biXPelsPerMerer     is %ld.\n", biXPelsPerMerer);
     printf("biYPelsPerMerer     is %ld.\n", biYPelsPerMerer);
     printf("biClrUsed           is %d. \n", biClrUsed);
     printf("biClrImportant      is %d. \n", biClrImportant);
}

/* Show the Data Part of bmp file */
void bmpDataPart(FILE* fpbmp)
{
     int i, j;
     unsigned char bmpPixel[BmpWidth][BmpHeight];
     unsigned char* bmpPixelTmp = NULL;
     FILE* fpDataBmp;

     /* New a file to save the data matrix */
     if((fpDataBmp=fopen("bmpData.dat","w+")) == NULL)
     {
      fprintf(stderr, "Failed to construct file bmpData.dat.!!!");
      exit(1);
     }

     fseek(fpbmp, OffSet, SEEK_SET);
     if ((bmpPixelTmp=(unsigned char*)malloc(sizeof(char)*BmpWidth*BmpHeight))==NULL)
     {
      fprintf(stderr, "Data allocation failed.!!!\n");
      exit(1);
     }
     fread(bmpPixelTmp, sizeof(char), BmpWidth*BmpHeight, fpbmp);

     /* Read the data to Matrix and save it in file bmpData.dat */
     for(i =0; i < BmpHeight; i++)
     {
      fprintf(fpDataBmp, "The data in line %-3d:\n", i+1);
      for(j = 0; j < BmpWidth; j++)
      {
           bmpPixel[i][j] = bmpPixelTmp[BmpWidth*(BmpHeight-1-i)+j];
           //fwrite(&chartmp, sizeof(char), 1, fpDataBmp);
           fprintf(fpDataBmp, "%-3d ", bmpPixel[i][j]);
           if ((j+1)%32 == 0)
           {
            fprintf(fpDataBmp, "\n");
           }
      }
     }
     /* Used to test the data read is true or false
    You can open the file using Matlab to compare the data */
     //printf("bmpPixel[2][3]   is %d.\n", bmpPixel[2][3]);
     //printf("bmpPixel[20][30] is %d.\n", bmpPixel[20][30]);

     free(bmpPixelTmp);
     fclose(fpDataBmp);
}