在 ASP.NET Core 中使用 SQL

作者：Rick Anderson

MvcMovieContext 对象处理连接到数据库并将 Movie 对象映射到数据库记录的任务。 在 Startup.cs 文件的 ConfigureServices 方法中向依赖关系注入容器注册数据库上下文 ：

当应用部署到测试服务器或生产服务器时，环境变量可用于将连接字符串设置为生产 SQL Server。 有关详细信息，请参阅配置。

设定数据库种子

在 Models 文件夹中创建一个名为 SeedData 的新类 。 将生成的代码替换为以下代码：

using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using MvcMovie.Data;
using System;
using System.Linq;

namespace MvcMovie.Models
{
    public static class SeedData
    {
        public static void Initialize(IServiceProvider serviceProvider)
        {
            using (var context = new MvcMovieContext(
                serviceProvider.GetRequiredService<
                    DbContextOptions<MvcMovieContext>>()))
            {
                // Look for any movies.
                if (context.Movie.Any())
                {
                    return;   // DB has been seeded
                }

                context.Movie.AddRange(
                    new Movie
                    {
                        Title = "When Harry Met Sally",
                        ReleaseDate = DateTime.Parse("1989-2-12"),
                        Genre = "Romantic Comedy",
                        Price = 7.99M
                    },

                    new Movie
                    {
                        Title = "Ghostbusters ",
                        ReleaseDate = DateTime.Parse("1984-3-13"),
                        Genre = "Comedy",
                        Price = 8.99M
                    },

                    new Movie
                    {
                        Title = "Ghostbusters 2",
                        ReleaseDate = DateTime.Parse("1986-2-23"),
                        Genre = "Comedy",
                        Price = 9.99M
                    },

                    new Movie
                    {
                        Title = "Rio Bravo",
                        ReleaseDate = DateTime.Parse("1959-4-15"),
                        Genre = "Western",
                        Price = 3.99M
                    }
                );
                context.SaveChanges();
            }
        }
    }
}

如果 DB 中有任何电影，则会返回种子初始值设定项，并且不会添加任何电影。

if (context.Movie.Any())
{
    return;   // DB has been seeded.
}

添加种子初始值设定项

将 Program.cs 的内容替换为以下代码 ：

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using MvcMovie.Data;
using MvcMovie.Models;
using System;

namespace MvcMovie
{
    public class Program
    {
        public static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var host = CreateHostBuilder(args).Build();

            using (var scope = host.Services.CreateScope())
            {
                var services = scope.ServiceProvider;

                try
                {
                    SeedData.Initialize(services);
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    var logger = services.GetRequiredService<ILogger<Program>>();
                    logger.LogError(ex, "An error occurred seeding the DB.");
                }
            }

            host.Run();

        }

        public static IHostBuilder CreateHostBuilder(string[] args) =>
            Host.CreateDefaultBuilder(args)
                .ConfigureWebHostDefaults(webBuilder =>
                {
                    webBuilder.UseStartup<Startup>();
                });
    }
}

测试应用

应用将显示设定为种子的数据。