利用Python的2维列表实现一个类似消消乐的小游戏

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【写在前面】

  之前帮助一个留学生朋友完成了一个利用Python的2维列表实现一个类似消消乐的小游戏，其中综合运用了python语言的列表、判断语句、循环以及函数等语法知识，很适合初学者用来练手并且检验自己的学习效果。

【要求说明】 2D-list说明文档

【代码】

import copy
import random

SIZE = 7    # Define the global variable SIZE and assign a value
LEN = 5     # Define the global variable LEN and assign a value

''' Creates a 2D-list board of SIZE x SIZE.
With probability ~33% each cell of board 
stores a symbol from the set ($, #, *).
Finally returns the board. '''

def create_board(SIZE):
    board = []
    for _ in range(SIZE):
        row = []
        for _ in range(SIZE):
            if random.randint(1,10) > 7:
                row.append("$")
            elif random.randint(1,10) > 3:
                row.append("#")
            else:
                row.append("*")
        board.append(row)
    return board

## Add (and test) all required functions here ##
# ----------------------------------------------

def print_rules():
    # Print game rules
    print("                                     *** Match the Symbols ***                                       ")
    print("Rules:")
    print("** Find a horizontal/vertical line of length at least {} consisting of the same symbols.".format(LEN))
    print("-- Select 'M'/'m' to enter the position 'row/col' of the starting symbol of that line.")
    print("-- Score 1 point for each symbol on that line.")
    print("-- Also score points for all horizontal/vertical neighbours (symbols identical to point at 'row/col').")
    print("** Can't find a matching line and want to change an existing symbol?")
    print("-- Select 'C'/'c' to enter the new symbol, but you will lose 2 points each time.")
    print("-- If you can finish the board you'll get 10 additional points.")
    print("** You can quit anytime by selecting 'Q'/'q'.")
    print("--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n")

def print_board(board_create):
    # Print your board
    print("Your Board:\n")
    head = [str(i) for i in range(SIZE)]
    print(" " + " " + "".join(head) + " " + " ")
    print("-" * (SIZE + 4))
    # Use the loop to print out the 2-Dimentional lists in accordance with the format
    for i in range(SIZE):
        print(str(i) + "|" + "".join(board_create[i]) + "|" + str(i))
    print("-" * (SIZE + 4))
    print(" " + " " + "".join(head) + " " + " ")

def take_input():
    row = input("row: ")
    while True:     # Determine if the row entered by the user is valid
        row = int(row)
        if ((row < 0) or (row > (SIZE-1))):
            print("Invalid row selected")
            row = input("row: ")
        else:
            break
    col = input("col: ")
    while True:     # Determine if the column entered by the user is valid
        col = int(col)
        if ((col < 0) or (col > (SIZE-1))):
            print("Invalid column selected")
            col = input("col: ")
        else:
            break
    return (row, col)

def check_matching(row, col, board):
    new_board = copy.deepcopy(board)   # Make a deep copy of the original board
    rrow = row
    ccol = col
    original_rrow = copy.deepcopy(rrow)
    original_ccol = copy.deepcopy(ccol)
    string = board[original_rrow][original_ccol]   # Gets the character specified by the user
    count = 0
    count_top = 1
    count_under = 1
    count_left = 1
    count_right = 1
    rrow = original_rrow - 1
    while (rrow >= 0):      # Looks to the top of the user-specified character
        if new_board[rrow][original_ccol] == string:
            count_top = count_top + 1
            rrow = rrow - 1
        else:
            break
    rrow = original_rrow + 1
    while (rrow <= (SIZE - 1)):      # Looks to the under of the user-specified character
        if new_board[rrow][original_ccol] == string:
            count_under = count_under + 1
            rrow = rrow + 1
        else:
            break
    ccol = original_ccol - 1
    while (ccol >= 0):      # Looks to the left of the user-specified character
        if new_board[original_rrow][ccol] == string:
            count_left = count_left + 1
            ccol = ccol - 1
        else:
            break
    ccol = original_ccol + 1
    while (ccol <= (SIZE - 1)):      # Looks to the right of the user-specified character
        if new_board[original_rrow][ccol] == string:
            count_right = count_right + 1
            ccol = ccol + 1
        else:
            break

    # Determine whether horizontal or vertical line of length LEN has started from that given location and replaces them
    if ((count_top >= LEN) or (count_under >= LEN) or (count_left >= LEN) or (count_right >= LEN)):
        count = count + 1
        count_top = 0
        count_under = 0
        count_left = 0
        count_right = 0

        rrow = original_rrow - 1
        while (rrow >= 0):
            if new_board[rrow][original_ccol] == string:
                new_board[rrow][original_ccol] = '.'
                count_top = count_top + 1
                rrow = rrow - 1
            else:
                break
        count = count + count_top
        rrow = original_rrow + 1
        while (rrow <= (SIZE - 1)):
            if new_board[rrow][original_ccol] == string:
                new_board[rrow][original_ccol] = '.'
                count_under = count_under + 1
                rrow = rrow + 1
            else:
                break
        count = count + count_under
        ccol = original_ccol - 1
        while (ccol >= 0):
            if new_board[original_rrow][ccol] == string:
                new_board[original_rrow][ccol] = '.'
                count_left = count_left + 1
                ccol = ccol - 1
            else:
                break
        count = count + count_left
        ccol = original_ccol + 1
        while (ccol <= (SIZE - 1)):
            if new_board[original_rrow][ccol] == string:
                new_board[original_rrow][ccol] = '.'
                count_right = count_right + 1
                ccol = ccol + 1
            else:
                break
        count = count + count_right

        new_board[original_rrow][original_ccol] = "."
        print("You successfully matched {} symbols at this step!".format(count))
        return (True, count, new_board)
    else:
        print("No {} matching symbols in any direction! You lost 2 points.".format(LEN))
        count = count - 2
        return (False, count, board)

def is_board_finished(board):
    num = 0
    for i in range(SIZE):
        for j in range(SIZE):
            if board[i][j] != ".":
                num = num + 1
    # Determine if the player has completed the board
    if (num == (SIZE * SIZE)):
        print("Good job! You finished the board!")
        print("You got 10 more points!!")
        return True
    else:
        return False

# ----------------------------------------------

def main():    # add logics and call functions as required
    print_rules()
    board_create = create_board(SIZE)
    print_board(board_create)
    sum = 0
    copy_board = copy.deepcopy(board_create)
    choose = input("[M]atch the symbols, [C]hange a symbol, or [Q]uit the game? ")
    while True:
        if ((choose == 'm') or (choose == 'M')):
            input_row, input_col = take_input()
            matching_score = check_matching(input_row, input_col, copy_board)
            if matching_score[0]:
                sum = sum + matching_score[1]
                print("Your new score: {}".format(sum))
                print_board(matching_score[2])
                copy_board = matching_score[2]
                if is_board_finished(copy_board):
                    print("Your final score is {}".format(sum + 10))
                    break
                choose = input("[M]atch the symbols, [C]hange a symbol, or [Q]uit the game? ")
            else:
                sum = sum + matching_score[1]
                print("Your new score: {}".format(sum))
                print_board(matching_score[2])
                choose = input("[M]atch the symbols, [C]hange a symbol, or [Q]uit the game? ")
        elif ((choose == 'c') or (choose == 'C')):
            input_row, input_col = take_input()
            input_symbol = input("symbol? ")
            while True:
                if input_symbol == ".":
                    print("Invalid symbol, try again!")
                    input_symbol = input("symbol? ")
                else:
                    print("You've successfully changed a symbol, but you lost 2 points.")
                    sum = sum - 2
                    print("Score: {}".format(sum))
                    break
            copy_board[input_row][input_col] = input_symbol
            print_board(copy_board)
            choose = input("[M]atch the symbols, [C]hange a symbol, or [Q]uit the game? ")
        elif ((choose == 'q') or (choose == 'Q')):
            print("Board is not finished yet!")
            print("Your final score is {}".format(sum))
            break
        else:
            print("Invalid selection, try again!")
            choose = input("[M]atch the symbols, [C]hange a symbol, or [Q]uit the game? ")

# -----------------------------------------------

#----------------- Do not change --------------------#
''' Ensures that the main() function is called
    when a3.py is executed as a stand-alone program'''
# ----------------------------------------------------
if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

【效果演示】（注：长截屏过程中，有部分内容被折叠，读者可以将代码复制到IDE中自己运行，观察效果）

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