使用Python实现12306自动化抢票
2021/4/22 22:55:46
本文主要是介绍使用Python实现12306自动化抢票,对大家解决编程问题具有一定的参考价值,需要的程序猿们随着小编来一起学习吧!
今天实现用python实现自动访问12306网站并抢票
准确工作
1.下载Chrome 驱动,需要与chrome版本保持一致
如何查看chrome浏览器版本-百度经验 (baidu.com)
2.下载代码中的相关包,主要selenuim、splinter
注意事项:sleep设置时注意爬取速度限制,chrome版本与驱动器版本需要保持一致,由于12306图片验证码复杂,登录时需要手动选择验证图片。
如何查看城市的编码?在网页中输入出发和到达城市后,通过F12 功能查看Cookie中的值,构建城市列表,作为参数输入
参考代码如下:12306网站如果变化,那么部分代码需要改动,需要F12查看html结构。
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- """ Created on Wed Apr 14 17:39:54 2021 @author: memeng """ """ 通过splinter刷12306火车票 可以自动填充账号密码,同时,在登录时,也可以修改账号密码 然后手动识别验证码,并登陆,接下来的事情,交由脚本来做了,静静的等待抢票结果就好(刷票过程中,浏览器不可关闭) """ from selenium.webdriver.support.select import Select import re from splinter.browser import Browser from time import sleep import sys import httplib2 from urllib import parse import smtplib from email.mime.text import MIMEText class BrushTicket(object): """买票类及实现方法""" def __init__(self, user_name, password, passengers, from_time, from_station, to_station, number, seat_type, receiver_mobile, receiver_email): """定义实例属性,初始化""" # 1206账号密码 self.user_name = user_name self.password = password # 乘客姓名 self.passengers = passengers # 起始站和终点站 self.from_station = from_station self.to_station = to_station # 乘车日期 self.from_time = from_time # 车次编号 self.number = number.capitalize() # 座位类型所在td位置 if seat_type == '商务座特等座': seat_type_index = 1 seat_type_value = 9 elif seat_type == '一等座': seat_type_index = 2 seat_type_value = 'M' elif seat_type == '二等座': seat_type_index = 3 seat_type_value = 'O' elif seat_type == '高级软卧': seat_type_index = 4 seat_type_value = 6 elif seat_type == '软卧': seat_type_index = 5 seat_type_value = 4 elif seat_type == '动卧': seat_type_index = 6 seat_type_value = 'F' elif seat_type == '硬卧': seat_type_index = 7 seat_type_value = 3 elif seat_type == '软座': seat_type_index = 8 seat_type_value = 2 elif seat_type == '硬座': seat_type_index = 9 seat_type_value = 1 elif seat_type == '无座': seat_type_index = 10 seat_type_value = 1 elif seat_type == '其他': seat_type_index = 11 seat_type_value = 1 else: seat_type_index = 7 seat_type_value = 3 self.seat_type_index = seat_type_index self.seat_type_value = seat_type_value # 通知信息 self.receiver_mobile = receiver_mobile self.receiver_email = receiver_email # 主要页面网址 self.login_url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/resources/login.html' self.init_my_url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/view/index.html' self.ticket_url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/init' # 浏览器驱动信息,驱动下载页:https://sites.google.com/a/chromium.org/chromedriver/downloads self.driver_name = 'chrome' self.executable_path = r'C:\Users\memeng\chromedriver.exe' def do_login(self): """登录功能实现,手动识别验证码进行登录""" self.driver.visit(self.login_url) sleep(1) self.driver.find_by_css("li.login-hd-account").click() # find_element_by_link_text self.driver.find_by_id('J-userName').fill( self.user_name) self.driver.find_by_id('J-password').fill(self.password) print('请输入验证码……') while True: if self.driver.url != self.init_my_url: sleep(1) else: break def start_brush(self): """买票功能实现""" self.driver = Browser(driver_name=self.driver_name, executable_path=self.executable_path) # 浏览器窗口的大小 self.driver.driver.set_window_size(900, 700) self.do_login() print('登录成功') self.driver.visit(self.ticket_url) try: print('开始刷票……') # 加载车票查询信息 self.driver.cookies.add({"_jc_save_fromStation": self.from_station}) self.driver.cookies.add({"_jc_save_toStation": self.to_station}) self.driver.cookies.add({"_jc_save_fromDate": self.from_time}) self.driver.reload() count = 0 print('ok') self.driver.find_by_id('qd_closeDefaultWarningWindowDialog_id').click() while self.driver.url.split('?')[0] == self.ticket_url: self.driver.find_by_id('query_ticket').click() sleep(1) count += 1 print('第%d次点击查询……' % count) try: # car_no_location = self.driver.find_by_id("queryLeftTable")[0].find_by_tag('tr') # for i in range(9): # print(car_no_location[i].text.split('\n')) car_no_location = self.driver. find_by_id("queryLeftTable")[0].find_by_id('ticket_2400000K2123_01_29') #指定了车次,用于测试 #6是硬卧 if car_no_location.text.split('\n')[7].split(' ')[7]=='--' or car_no_location.text.split('\n')[7].split(' ')[7]=='无': print('无此座位类型出售,已结束当前刷票,请重新开启!') continue else: # 有票,尝试预订 print('刷到票了') car_no_location.find_by_css('td.no-br>a')[0].click() sleep(1) key_value = 1 for p in self.passengers: # 选择用户 print('开始选择类型') self.driver.find_by_xpath('//*[@id="ticketType_1"]/option[@value="1"]').click() print('开始选择用户……') self.driver.find_by_text(p).last.click() #选择票种 print('开始选择席别……') if self.seat_type_value != 0: self.driver.find_by_xpath('//*[@id="seatType_1"]/option[@value="3"]').click() key_value += 1 sleep(0.5) if p[-1] == ')': self.driver.find_by_id('dialog_xsertcj_ok').click() print('正在提交订单……') self.driver.find_by_id('submitOrder_id').click() sleep(2) # 查看放回结果是否正常 submit_false_info = self.driver.find_by_id('check_ticket_tit_id')[0].text if submit_false_info != '': print(submit_false_info) self.driver.find_by_id('qr_closeTranforDialog_id').click() sleep(0.2) self.driver.find_by_id('preStep_id').click() sleep(0.3) continue print('正在确认订单……') self.driver.find_by_id('qr_submit_id').click() print('预订成功,请及时前往支付……') break # 发送通知信息 # self.send_mail(self.receiver_email, '恭喜您,抢到票了,请及时前往12306支付订单!') self.send_sms(self.receiver_mobile, '您的验证码是:8888。请不要把验证码泄露给其他人。') except Exception as error_info: print(error_info) except Exception as error_info: print(error_info) def send_sms(self, mobile, sms_info): """发送手机通知短信,用的是-互亿无线-的测试短信""" host = "106.ihuyi.com" sms_send_uri = "/webservice/sms.php?method=Submit" account = "C59782899" pass_word = "19d4d9c0796532c7328e8b82e2812655" params = parse.urlencode( {'account': account, 'password': pass_word, 'content': sms_info, 'mobile': mobile, 'format': 'json'} ) headers = {"Content-type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", "Accept": "text/plain"} conn = httplib2.HTTPConnectionWithTimeout(host, port=80, timeout=30) conn.request("POST", sms_send_uri, params, headers) response = conn.getresponse() response_str = response.read() conn.close() return response_str def send_mail(self, receiver_address, content): """发送邮件通知""" # 连接邮箱服务器信息 host = 'smtp.163.com' port = 25 sender = '******@163.com' # 你的发件邮箱号码 pwd = '******' # 不是登陆密码,是客户端授权密码 # 发件信息 receiver = receiver_address body = '<h2>温馨提醒:</h2><p>' + content + '</p>' msg = MIMEText(body, 'html', _charset="utf-8") msg['subject'] = '抢票成功通知!' msg['from'] = sender msg['to'] = receiver s = smtplib.SMTP(host, port) # 开始登陆邮箱,并发送邮件 s.login(sender, pwd) s.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string()) if __name__ == '__main__': # 12306用户名 user_name = input('请输入12306用户名:') while user_name == '': user_name = input('12306用户名不能为空,请重新输入:') # 12306登陆密码 password = input('请输入12306登陆密码:') while password == '': password = input('12306登陆密码不能为空,请重新输入:') # 乘客姓名 passengers_input =input('请输入乘车人姓名,多人用英文逗号“,”连接,(例如单人“张三”或者多人“张三,李四”):') passengers = passengers_input.split(",") while passengers_input == '' or len(passengers) > 4: print('乘车人最少1位,最多4位!') passengers_input = input('请重新输入乘车人姓名,多人用英文逗号“,”连接,(例如单人“张三”或者多人“张三,李四”):') passengers = passengers_input.split(",") # 乘车日期 from_time = input('请输入乘车日期(例如“2018-08-08”):') date_pattern = re.compile(r'^\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}$') while from_time == '' or re.findall(date_pattern, from_time) == []: from_time = input('乘车日期不能为空或者时间格式不正确,请重新输入:') # 城市cookie字典 通过搜索几个城市查看对应的cookie值得出 city_list = { 'bj': '%u5317%u4EAC%2CBJP', # 北京 'hd': '%u5929%u6D25%2CTJP', # 邯郸 'nn': '%u5357%u5B81%2CNNZ', # 南宁 'wh': '%u6B66%u6C49%2CWHN', # 武汉 'cs': '%u957F%u6C99%2CCSQ', # 长沙 'ty': '%u592A%u539F%2CTYV', # 太原 'yc': '%u8FD0%u57CE%2CYNV', # 运城 'gzn': '%u5E7F%u5DDE%u5357%2CIZQ', # 广州南 'wzn': '%u68A7%u5DDE%u5357%2CWBZ', # 梧州南 'sh':'%u4E0A%u6D77%2CSHH',#上海 'zz':'%u90D1%u5DDE%2CZZF', #郑州 'jn':'%u6D4E%u5357%2CJNK', #济南 'cl':'%u660C%u4E50%2CCLK' #昌乐 } # 出发站 from_input = input('请输入出发站,只需要输入首字母就行(例如北京“bj”):') while from_input not in city_list.keys(): from_input = input('出发站不能为空或不支持当前出发站(如有需要,请联系管理员!),请重新输入:') from_station = city_list[from_input] # 终点站 to_input = input('请输入终点站,只需要输入首字母就行(例如北京“bj”):') while to_input not in city_list.keys(): to_input = input('终点站不能为空或不支持当前终点站(如有需要,请联系管理员!),请重新输入:') to_station = city_list[to_input] # 车次编号 number = input('请输入车次号(例如“G110”):') while number == '': number = input('车次号不能为空,请重新输入:') # 座位类型 seat_type = input('请输入座位类型(例如“软卧”):') while seat_type == '': seat_type = input('座位类型不能为空,请重新输入:') # 抢票成功,通知该手机号码 receiver_mobile = input('请预留一个手机号码,方便抢到票后进行通知(例如:18888888888):') mobile_pattern = re.compile(r'^1{1}\d{10}$') while receiver_mobile == '' or re.findall(mobile_pattern, receiver_mobile) == []: receiver_mobile = input('预留手机号码不能为空或者格式不正确,请重新输入:') receiver_email = input('请预留一个邮箱,方便抢到票后进行通知(例如:test@163.com):') while receiver_email == '': receiver_email = input('预留邮箱不能为空,请重新输入:') # 开始抢票 ticket = BrushTicket(user_name, password, passengers, from_time, from_station, to_station, number, seat_type, receiver_mobile, receiver_email) ticket.start_brush()
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