python Redis操作、excel操作、网络请求、异常处理、发送邮件、发送钉钉消息等
2021/6/17 2:24:56
本文主要是介绍python Redis操作、excel操作、网络请求、异常处理、发送邮件、发送钉钉消息等，对大家解决编程问题具有一定的参考价值，需要的程序猿们随着小编来一起学习吧！
Redis操作：
#连接： 11111111
#端口： 3306
#密码： 11111111&*
# 服务器连接命令： redis-cli -a password -h ip -p 6379
# redis-cli -a password -h 118.24.3.40 -p 6379
import redis
# db=4 数据库4,decode_responses=True 拿到结果自动转字符串
r = redis.Redis(host="11111111",password="11111111&*",port=6379,db=4,decode_responses=True)
# 字符串操作------------------------------------------
# key不能重复，重复就会覆盖
# 60：失效秒数，不传保存永久
# r.set("key_ljq","lllllll",60)
# # r.set("key_ljq","lllllll")
# print(r.get("key_ljq"))
# # r.delete("key_ljq") #删除key
# 基本操作----------------------------------------------
# 查看key失效时间, ttl是 -1 的话永久生效
# print(r.ttl("key_ljq"))
# # 获取数据库所有的key
# print(r.keys("key_ljq"))
# # 获取数据库的key，加条件 _ 匹配
# print(r.keys("*_*"))
# # 返回0代表不存在，返回1 代表存在
# print(r.exists("key_ljq"))
# # 查看key的类型
# print(r.type("key_ljq"))
# # 设置key的失效时间
# r.expire("key_ljq",60)
#hash类型 大字典 ----------------------------------------------
r.hset=("students","xiaohei",'{"id":1,"score":99}')
d = {"aa":1,"bb":2}
r.hmget("students",d)#字典批量写入
# print(r.hget("students","xiaohei"))#获取指定的小key
# r.hgetall("students")#获取大key所有的数据
# r.hdel("students","xiaohei")#删除指定小key
# r.delete("students")#删除大key所有的数据
# r.hexists("students","xiaohei")#判断里面的小key是否存在
# xb_info = r.hget("students","xiaohei")#获取指定的小key
# print(xb_info.decode())#转字典
# ret = {b'xiaohei': b'{"id":1,"score":99}', b'xiaobai': b'{"id":5,"score":99}', b'xiaohei1': b'{"id":1,"souce":99}', b'xiaobai1': b'{"id":1,"souce":99}', b'lxp2': b'{"id":2,"score":80}', b'xiaobao': b'{"id":5,"score":99}', b'lixuesong': b'{"id":1,"class":4}'}
#转字典
# ret = r.hgetall("students")#获取大key所有的数据
# new_ret = {}
# for k,v in ret.items():
# k = k.ddecode()
# v = v.ddecode()
# new_ret[k] = v
# print(new_ret)
#list--------------------------------------------
list1 = [1,23,3]
r.lpush("ljq",*list1)#解包list1
r.lpush("ljq","111","222")#左边添加 从前往后加 key:"ljq", values:"111","222"
r.rpush("ljq","111")#右边添加，---从后往前加
print(r.lrange("ljq",0,1))#取值，下标取值，顾头顾尾
r.lpop("ljq")#从左边删除
r.rpop("ljq")#从右边删除
r.lset("ljq",0,"2222")#指定位置 下标0 修改值
print(r.llen("ljq"))#取list长度
print(r.ltrim("ljq",0,1))#除去你指定的范围 下标0到1，其他都删除
print(r.lrem("ljq",2,"2222"))#删除指定的元素, 2 ：指定删除2次
# 清空数据库
# r.flushdb()#清空当前数据库
# r.flushall()#清空所有数据库
import redis
# select 11 查询数据库11
# fflushdb 清除数据库 11 的数据
# db=4 数据库4,decode_responses=True 拿到结果自动转字符串
r = redis.Redis(host="1111111",password="111111",port=6379,db=4,decode_responses=True)
r2 = redis.Redis(host="1111111",password="111111&*",port=6379,db=11,decode_responses=True)
for k in r.keys():
k_type = r.type(k)
if k_type == "string":
value = r.get(k)
r2.set(k,value)
elif k_type == "hash":
dic = r.hgetall(k)
r2.hmset(k,dic)
elif k_type == "list":
l_len = r.llen(k)
result = r.lrange(k,0,l_len)
r2.rpush(k,*result)
# for k in r.keys():
# k_type = r.type(k)
# if k_type == "string":
# value = r.get(k)
# r2.set(k,value)
# elif k_type == "hash":
# dic = r.hgetall(k)
# r2.hmset(k,dic)
# elif k_type == "list":
# l_len = r.llen(k)
# result = r.lrange(k,0,l_len)
# r2.rpush(k,*result)
excel操作：
import xlrd
# book = xlrd.open_workbook("test.xls")
# # sheet = book.sheet_by_name("sheet1")
# sheet = book.sheet_by_index(0)
# # book.sheets()#获取所有sheet页
# print(sheet.cell(0,0).value)#获取某个单元格的内容
# print(sheet.row_values(0))#获取整行的内容
# print(sheet.col_values(0))#获取整列的内容
# print(sheet.nrows)#总共多少行
# print(sheet.ncols)#总共多少列
import xlwt
book = xlwt.Workbook()
xlwt.Workbook()
sheet = book.add_sheet("sheet1")
for i in range(65535):
sheet.write(i,0,i)
book.save("a.xlsx")
import xlrd
from xlutils import copy
book = xlrd.open_workbook("test.xls")
new_book = copy.copy(book)
sheet = new_book.get_sheet(0)
# print(dir(sheet))#查看所有函数
sheet.write(0,0,"编号")
new_book.save("test.xls")
import openpyxl
# openpyxl 文件必须是xlsx的excel
book = openpyxl.load_workbook("test.xlsx")
sheet = book["sheet1"]
print(book.sheetnames)#所有sheet页
#取出每行数据
# for row in sheet.rows:
# print(row)
# for col in row:
# print(col.value)
#取出每行数据放list里
# for row in sheet.rows:
# row_data = [col.value for col in row]
# print(row_data)
print(sheet.rows)#所有行
print(sheet.max_row)#多少行
print(sheet.max_column)#多少列
print(sheet.cell(1,1).value)#获取 从1开始
sheet.cell(1,1).value = "id"#获取第一行第一列 表格数据改为 id
# print(dir(sheet))
# 修改-------------------------------------------------------------
print(sheet["A1"].value)
sheet["A1"] = "id"
book.save("test.xlsx")
网络请求：
from urllib.request import urlopen
from urllib.parse import urlencode,urljoin,quote_plus,unquote_plus,quote,unquote
host = "https://gitee.com/"
url = urljoin(host,"li-jiaqiang1")#拼接链接
data = {"id":1}
# print(urlencode(data))#把字典转 键等于值
# req = urlopen(url,urlencode(data).encode())#post请求
req = urlopen(url+"?"+urlencode(data))#get请求
print(req.read().decode())
# quote_plus,quote：编码 unquote_plus,unquote：解码
host = "https://gitee.com/?stu='系哦啊黑'"
print(quote_plus(host))#编码
host = "http://api.nnzhp.cn/api/user/stu_info?stu_name=%E5%B0%8F%E9%BB%91"
print(unquote_plus(host))#解码
import requests
#get请求
# url = "http://api.nnzhp.cn/api/user/stu_info"
# data = {"stu_name":"小"}
# req = requests.get(url,data)
# ----------------------------------------------------------------
#post请求
# url = "http://api.nnzhp.cn/api/user/login"
# data = {"username":"niuhanyang","passwd":"aA123456"}
# data2 = {"version":1}
# # req = requests.post(url,data)
#
# # params 参数放在URL里
# # data 参数放在body里
# req = requests.post(url,params = data2,data = data)
# print(req.url)#查看请求发出去的URL
# ----------------------------------------------------------------
# url = "http://api.nnzhp.cn/api/user/add_stu"
# data = {
# "grade": "飞马座",
# "phone": "22345678992",
# "name":"哈哈哈哈"
# }
# req = requests.post(url,json=data)
# ----------------------------------------------------------------
# url = "https://qun.qq.com/cgi-bin/qun_mgr/search_group_members"
# data = {
# "gc": 180208520,
# "st": "21",
# "end": "41",
# "sort": 0,
# "bkn": "1391997515"
# }
# cookie = {'RK': 'XYYhgDpPfy', 'ptcz': 'a5b23b4f93bc2f304119957286b77b21be95814358d482ef0a2bf216733e57ba', 'pgv_pvid': '5931324545', 'uin': 'o0511402865', 'skey': '@HHempil2m', 'p_uin': 'o0511402865', 'pt4_token': 'tkeLBl-znMjpBJxIv1Chj*kLx7p0dsh4BkZfF39cpDk_', 'p_skey': 'OS7gS9Zw8*r*aIpqd5-S5BUo65EJMNWRkLLMO1Vpu5o_', 'traceid': '5b35fe5632'}
# req = requests.post(url,data,cookies=cookie)
# ----------------------------------------------------------------
# url = "https://qun.qq.com/cgi-bin/qun_mgr/search_group_members"
# data = {
# "gc": 180208520,
# "st": "21",
# "end": "41",
# "sort": 0,
# "bkn": "1391997515"
# }
# header = {'cookie': 'RK=XYYhgDpPfy; ptcz=a5b23b4f93bc2f304119957286b77b21be95814358d482ef0a2bf216733e57ba; pgv_pvid=5931324545; uin=o0511402865; skey=@HHempil2m; p_uin=o0511402865; pt4_token=tkeLBl-znMjpBJxIv1Chj*kLx7p0dsh4BkZfF39cpDk_; p_skey=OS7gS9Zw8*r*aIpqd5-S5BUo65EJMNWRkLLMO1Vpu5o_; traceid=5b35fe5632'}
# req = requests.post(url,data,headers=header)
# 上传文件----------------------------------------------------------------
# # 接口文档： https://www.showdoc.com.cn/1333080850263964?page_id=6626741024413881
# url = "http://api.nnzhp.cn/api/file/file_upload"
# data = {"file":open("a.xls",'rb')}
# req = requests.post(url,files=data)
# 下载文件----------------------------------------------------------------
url = "http://aliimg.changba.com/cache/photo/941190975_200_200.jpg"
req = requests.get(url,verify=False)
with open("a.jpg","wb") as fw:
fw.write(req.content)
# print(req.json())#返回字典，如果接口返回的不是json会报错
# print(req.text)#返回字符串
# print(req.content)#返回bytes
# print(req.cookies)#返回状态吗
# print(req.headers)#返回headers
import requests,xlwt,random
# 抓取所有的qq好友信息，每一个分组的好友写到一个sheet页里面
url = "https://qun.qq.com/cgi-bin/qun_mgr/get_friend_list"
data = {"bkn": "777503858"}
header = {"cookie":"_qpsvr_localtk=0.9495471953715655; uin=o0260303838; skey=@5il0ji5ch; RK=8YqtXKQ+R8; ptcz=74f5842468a029b8831974abf25c8e5ef46df2fa6a9a1ab325414634d44b5e28; p_uin=o0260303838; pt4_token=jHZFIlAC7pGSQrxBuz4po4WghX5g5TEgZGwO3p*nWlE_; p_skey=uHGnQA7535*L0hDHRSekFdPgLtSOOTlq-p9-P7rAFF8_; traceid=80d1189f41"}
req = requests.post(url,data,headers=header)
print(req.json())
result = req.json().get("result")
book = xlwt.Workbook()
for index,g_info in result.items():
g_mems = g_info.get("mems") #list
g_name = g_info.get("gname") if g_info.get("gname") else "默认分组"
print("当前取的分组是===================",g_name)
try:
sheet = book.add_sheet(g_name)
except Exception as e:
sheet_name = "好友分组_%s" % random.randint(1, 1000)
print("sheet页名字不合法，重新命名 : %s" % sheet_name)
sheet = book.add_sheet(sheet_name)
for col, mem in enumerate(g_mems):
nick = mem.get("name")
qq = mem.get("uin")
sheet.write(col, 0, nick)
sheet.write(col, 1, qq)
# print("%s => %s" % (nick,qq))
book.save("qq.xls")
异常处理：
import traceback
l = [1,3,4]
# print(l[4])
d = {"name":1}
try:
name = d["name"]
l[4]
# except KeyError as e:
# print(e)
# print("出现异常了")
# except IndexError as e:
# print(e)
# print("出现下标异常了")
except Exception as e:
# traceback.print_exc()
print("出异常了")
msg = traceback.format_exc()
print(msg)
else:
print("没有异常")
finally:
print("finally：不管出不出异常都往下走")
#判断小数
def is_float(s):
try:
float(s)
except:
return False
return True
"""
BaseException # 所有异常的基类
SystemExit # 解释器请求退出
KeyboardInterrupt # 用户中断执行(通常是输入^C)
Exception # 常规错误的基类
StopIteration # 迭代器没有更多的值
GeneratorExit #生成器(generator)发生异常来通知退出
StandardError # 所有的内建标准异常的基类
ArithmeticError # 所有数值计算错误的基类
FloatingPointError # 浮点计算错误
OverflowError #数值运算超出最大限制
ZeroDivisionError # 除(或取模)零 (所有数据类型)
AssertionError #断言语句失败
AttributeError # 对象没有这个属性
EOFError #没有内建输入,到达EOF 标记
EnvironmentError # 操作系统错误的基类
IOError #输入/输出操作失败
OSError #操作系统错误
WindowsError #系统调用失败
ImportError # 导入模块/对象失败
LookupError #无效数据查询的基类
IndexError # 序列中没有此索引(index)
KeyError #映射中没有这个键
MemoryError # 内存溢出错误(对于Python 解释器不是致命的)
NameError # 未声明/初始化对象 (没有属性)
UnboundLocalError # 访问未初始化的本地变量
ReferenceError # 弱引用(Weak reference)试图访问已经垃圾回收了的对象
RuntimeError # 一般的运行时错误
NotImplementedError # 尚未实现的方法
SyntaxError # Python 语法错误
IndentationError # 缩进错误
TabError # Tab 和空格混用
SystemError # 一般的解释器系统错误
TypeError #对类型无效的操作
ValueError # 传入无效的参数
UnicodeError # Unicode 相关的错误
UnicodeDecodeError #Unicode 解码时的错误
UnicodeEncodeError #Unicode 编码时错误
UnicodeTranslateError #Unicode 转换时错误
Warning #警告的基类
DeprecationWarning #关于被弃用的特征的警告
FutureWarning # 关于构造将来语义会有改变的警告
OverflowWarning # 旧的关于自动提升为长整型(long)的警告
PendingDeprecationWarning #关于特性将会被废弃的警告
RuntimeWarning #可疑的运行时行为(runtime behavior)的警告
SyntaxWarning # 可疑的语法的警告
UserWarning #用户代码生成的警告
"""
发送邮件：
import yamail
# # import yagmail #附件是中文名，显示乱码
# # 授权码 ： hcapwu
#
# username = "511465@qq.com"
# password = "hcaphhcia"
# host = "smtp.qq.com"
# # host = "smtp.163.com"
# # host = "smtp.126.com"
# smtp = yamail.SMTP(host=host,user=username,password=password)
# # smtp.send(to="260303838@qq.com")
# smtp.send(to=["260303838@qq.com","126120511@qq.com"],
# cc=["26030388@qq.com","12612511@qq.com"],
# subject="课后好好学习",
# contents="haoahochifan",
# attachments=["reg.py","tools.py"])
username = "5165@qq.com"
password = "hcahcaia"
host = "smtp.qq.com" #qq
# host = "smtp.163.com" #163
# host = "smtp.126.com" #qq
smtp = yamail.SMTP(host=host,user=username,password=password)
# smtp.send(to="1018934314@qq.com")
smtp.send(
to=["260303838@qq.com","1054114694@qq.com"],
cc=["1490768397@qq.com","1164019076@qq.com"],
subject="课后好好学习",
contents="下课之后先吃饭，吃完饭明天好好学习。",
attachments=["reg.py","tools.py"]
)
发送钉钉消息：
# import requests
# url = "https://oapi.dingtalk.com/robot/send?access_token=1111111111111111111"
## 密钥： 11111111111111111111
# data = {
# "msgtype": "text",
# "text": {
# "content": "fmz,xiakele"
# },
# "at":{
# "atMobiles":["13951813583"],
# "isAtAll":"True" #@ True：@所有人 False：@一个人
# }
# }
# r = requests.post(url,json=data)
# print(r.json())
import requests
url = "https://oapi.dingtalk.com/robot/send"
import time
import hmac
import hashlib
import base64
import urllib.parse
def get_dd_sign():
timestamp = str(round(time.time() * 1000))
secret = '11111111111111111111111111111'
secret_enc = secret.encode('utf-8')
string_to_sign = '{}\n{}'.format(timestamp, secret)
string_to_sign_enc = string_to_sign.encode('utf-8')
hmac_code = hmac.new(secret_enc, string_to_sign_enc, digestmod=hashlib.sha256).digest()
sign = urllib.parse.quote_plus(base64.b64encode(hmac_code))
return timestamp,sign
def send_dd_msg(msg,at=None,at_all=False):
data = {
"msgtype": "text",
"text": {
"content": msg
},
"at": {
"atMobiles": at,
"isAtAll": at_all
}
}
timestamp,sign = get_dd_sign()
params = {
"access_token":"access_token11111111111111111111",
"timestamp":timestamp,
"sign":sign
}
try:
r = requests.post(url,json=data,params=params)
except:
print("滴滴消息没有发送成功")
else:
if r.json().get("errcode")==0:
return True
l = [1,3,4]# print(l[4])d = {"name":1}try: name = d["name"] l[4]# except KeyError as e:# print(e)# print("出现异常了")# except IndexError as e:# print(e)# print("出现下标异常了")except Exception as e: # traceback.print_exc() print("出异常了") msg = traceback.format_exc() print(msg)
else: print("没有异常")finally: print("finally：不管出不出异常都往下走")
#判断小数def is_float(s): try: float(s) except: return False return True
"""BaseException # 所有异常的基类SystemExit # 解释器请求退出KeyboardInterrupt # 用户中断执行(通常是输入^C)Exception # 常规错误的基类StopIteration # 迭代器没有更多的值GeneratorExit #生成器(generator)发生异常来通知退出StandardError # 所有的内建标准异常的基类ArithmeticError # 所有数值计算错误的基类FloatingPointError # 浮点计算错误OverflowError #数值运算超出最大限制ZeroDivisionError # 除(或取模)零 (所有数据类型)AssertionError #断言语句失败AttributeError # 对象没有这个属性EOFError #没有内建输入,到达EOF 标记EnvironmentError # 操作系统错误的基类IOError #输入/输出操作失败OSError #操作系统错误WindowsError #系统调用失败ImportError # 导入模块/对象失败LookupError #无效数据查询的基类IndexError # 序列中没有此索引(index)KeyError #映射中没有这个键MemoryError # 内存溢出错误(对于Python 解释器不是致命的)NameError # 未声明/初始化对象 (没有属性)UnboundLocalError # 访问未初始化的本地变量ReferenceError # 弱引用(Weak reference)试图访问已经垃圾回收了的对象RuntimeError # 一般的运行时错误NotImplementedError # 尚未实现的方法SyntaxError # Python 语法错误IndentationError # 缩进错误TabError # Tab 和空格混用SystemError # 一般的解释器系统错误TypeError #对类型无效的操作ValueError # 传入无效的参数UnicodeError # Unicode 相关的错误UnicodeDecodeError #Unicode 解码时的错误UnicodeEncodeError #Unicode 编码时错误UnicodeTranslateError #Unicode 转换时错误Warning #警告的基类DeprecationWarning #关于被弃用的特征的警告FutureWarning # 关于构造将来语义会有改变的警告OverflowWarning # 旧的关于自动提升为长整型(long)的警告PendingDeprecationWarning #关于特性将会被废弃的警告RuntimeWarning #可疑的运行时行为(runtime behavior)的警告SyntaxWarning # 可疑的语法的警告UserWarning #用户代码生成的警告"""
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