pip总是报Segmentation fault (core dumped)的问题(安装python新版本3.9.6后)

2021/7/30 17:35:55

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问题描述

一开始使用pyenv安装了python 3.9.6版本之后,pyenv居然失灵了,切换不到任何版本去了,一气之下,删掉pyenv(rm -rf ~/.pyenv)直接源码安装。

步骤如下:

  1. 到官网https://www.python.org/downloads/下载最新的tar包

  2. 解压后执行:

     ./configure --prefix=/opt/python-3.9.6
     make
     make install
    
  3. 安装完成后,pip不能正常使用,即便是查看已安装包都会出现core dump

     $ python3 -V
     Python 3.9.6
     $ pip3 list
     Package    Version
     ---------- -------
     pip        21.1.3
     setuptools 56.0.0
     Segmentation fault (core dumped)
     $ python3 -m pip list
     Package    Version
     ---------- -------
     pip        21.1.3
     setuptools 56.0.0
     Segmentation fault (core dumped)
    

解决方法

找了半天没有找到答案,最后只能硬着头皮去调试pip3的代码,结果发现跟SSL有关(后面会描述如何发现的,这里先说解决方法)。

官网https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0644/也说了要求OpenSSL 1.1.1及以上版本(“Require OpenSSL 1.1.1 or newer”),而我自己机器上的是1.1.0版本的。

$ openssl version
OpenSSL 1.1.0h-fips  27 Mar 2018

解决办法:

  1. 到OpenSSL官网https://www.openssl.org/source/下载1.1.1版本的tar包

  2. 解压后执行:

     ./config
     make
     make install
    
  3. 安装完成后,查看OpenSSL版本报错:

     $ openssl version
     openssl: /usr/lib64/libssl.so.1.1: version `OPENSSL_1_1_1' not found (required by openssl)
     openssl: /usr/lib64/libcrypto.so.1.1: version `OPENSSL_1_1_1' not found (required by openssl)
    

    解决办法:

     export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib64    # 最好写入 ~/.bashrc 或 /etc/profile 中去
     $ openssl version
     OpenSSL 1.1.1k  25 Mar 2021
    
  4. 这个时候以为问题解决了,重新执行 pip3 list 仍然会出现 core dump,折腾了一天,差点都想放弃了,后来一想,python编译时链接的还是原来的旧库,所有需要重新编译python。回到 python 源码解压目录执行:

     make distclean    # 把上一次编译过程中留下的余孽清理干净
     ./configure --prefix=/opt/python-3.9.6
     make
     make install
    
  5. 完事后,再试,大功告成!

     $ pip3 list
     Package    Version
     ---------- -------
     pip        21.2.1
     setuptools 56.0.0
     $ python3 -m pip list
     Package    Version
     ---------- -------
     pip        21.2.1
     setuptools 56.0.0
     $ pip list
     Package    Version
     ---------- -------
     pip        21.2.1
     setuptools 56.0.0
    

分析过程

  1. 网上搜答案,没有雷同的,苦恼!

  2. 想尝试去调试Core dump吧,即便执行了 ulimit -c unlimited ,也不会在当前目录中生成 core file,最后发现 core file 在下面这个目录,汗!

     /var/lib/systemd/coredump
    
  3. 有了 core file,咋调试? 执行 gdb /opt/python-3.9.6/bin/pip3 core-file 根本就打印不出 backtrace 出来,因为 pip3 本身是个 python 文本文件,而不是二进制可执行程序。

  4. 好吧,调试 pip3 这个 python 文件:

     $ python -m pdb /opt/python-3.9.6/bin/pip3 list
     > /opt/python-3.9.6/bin/pip3(3)<module>()
     -> import re
     (Pdb) b /opt/python-3.9.6/lib/python3.9/ssl.py:483
     Breakpoint 1 at /opt/python-3.9.6/lib/python3.9/ssl.py:483
     (Pdb) c
     Package    Version
     ---------- -------
     pip        21.1.3
     setuptools 56.0.0
     > /opt/python-3.9.6/lib/python3.9/ssl.py(483)__new__()
     -> self = _SSLContext.__new__(cls, protocol)
     (Pdb) where
       /opt/python-3.9.6/lib/python3.9/bdb.py(580)run()
     -> exec(cmd, globals, locals)
       <string>(1)<module>()
       /opt/python-3.9.6/bin/pip3(8)<module>()
     -> sys.exit(main())
       /opt/python-3.9.6/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/main.py(71)main()
     -> return command.main(cmd_args)
       /opt/python-3.9.6/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/base_command.py(104)main()
     -> return self._main(args)
       /opt/python-3.9.6/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/base_command.py(221)_main()
     -> self.handle_pip_version_check(options)
       /opt/python-3.9.6/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/req_command.py(147)handle_pip_version_check()
     -> pip_self_version_check(session, options)
       /opt/python-3.9.6/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_internal/self_outdated_check.py(152)pip_self_version_check()
     -> best_candidate = finder.find_best_candidate("pip").best_candidate
       /opt/python-3.9.6/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_internal/index/package_finder.py(879)find_best_candidate()
     -> candidates = self.find_all_candidates(project_name)
       /opt/python-3.9.6/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_internal/index/package_finder.py(824)find_all_candidates()
     -> page_candidates = list(page_candidates_it)
       /opt/python-3.9.6/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_internal/index/sources.py(134)page_candidates()
     -> yield from self._candidates_from_page(self._link)
       /opt/python-3.9.6/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_internal/index/package_finder.py(783)process_project_url()
     -> html_page = self._link_collector.fetch_page(project_url)
       /opt/python-3.9.6/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_internal/index/collector.py(512)fetch_page()
     -> return _get_html_page(location, session=self.session)
       /opt/python-3.9.6/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_internal/index/collector.py(422)_get_html_page()
     -> resp = _get_html_response(url, session=session)
       /opt/python-3.9.6/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_internal/index/collector.py(120)_get_html_response()
     -> resp = session.get(
       /opt/python-3.9.6/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/sessions.py(555)get()
     -> return self.request('GET', url, **kwargs)
       /opt/python-3.9.6/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/session.py(449)request()
     -> return super().request(method, url, *args, **kwargs)
       /opt/python-3.9.6/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/sessions.py(542)request()
     -> resp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs)
       /opt/python-3.9.6/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/sessions.py(655)send()
     -> r = adapter.send(request, **kwargs)
       /opt/python-3.9.6/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/adapter.py(53)send()
     -> resp = super(CacheControlAdapter, self).send(request, **kw)
       /opt/python-3.9.6/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/adapters.py(439)send()
     -> resp = conn.urlopen(
       /opt/python-3.9.6/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/connectionpool.py(699)urlopen()
     -> httplib_response = self._make_request(
       /opt/python-3.9.6/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/connectionpool.py(382)_make_request()
     -> self._validate_conn(conn)
       /opt/python-3.9.6/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/connectionpool.py(1010)_validate_conn()
     -> conn.connect()
       /opt/python-3.9.6/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/connection.py(392)connect()
     -> self.ssl_context = create_urllib3_context(
       /opt/python-3.9.6/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/ssl_.py(281)create_urllib3_context()
     -> context = SSLContext(ssl_version or PROTOCOL_TLS)
     > /opt/python-3.9.6/lib/python3.9/ssl.py(483)__new__()
     -> self = _SSLContext.__new__(cls, protocol)    <=========== 这里已经进不去了,core就出现在这一步,看名字就是跟SSL有关吧
     (Pdb) p cls
     <class 'ssl.SSLContext'>
     (Pdb) p protocol
     <_SSLMethod.PROTOCOL_TLS: 2>
     (Pdb) s
     Segmentation fault (core dumped)
    
  5. 看到SSL立马去搜 python +SSL 关键字,才发现官网的这个说明https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0644/,也就有了去尝试安装 OpenSSL 1.1.1 的想法。

这一切的一切都源于本来想安装 pypiwin32 这个包,想用它来分析windows系统日志,windows上装成功了,linux上没有装成功,然后以为是旧版本的问题去装新版本,折腾了一天,烧死多少脑细胞,就搞个环境问题,不过,生命在于折腾嘛!



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