Beyond the Basic Stuff with Python
2021/8/19 12:06:07
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Beyond the Basic Stuff with Python
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Introduction
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Chapter 1 - Dealing with Errors and Asking for Help
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Chapter 2 - Environment Setup and the Command Line
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Chapter 3 - Code Formatting with Black
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Chapter 4 - Choosing Understandable Names
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Chapter 5 - Finding Code Smells
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Chapter 6 - Writing Pythonic Code
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Chapter 7 - Programming Jargon
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Chapter 8 - Common Python Gotchas
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Chapter 9 - Esoteric Python Oddities
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Chapter 10 - Writing Effective Functions
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Chapter 11 - Comments, Docstrings, and Type Hints
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Chapter 12 - Organizing Your Code Projects with Git
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Chapter 13 - Measuring Performance and Big O Algorithm Analysis
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Chapter 14 - Practice Projects
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Chapter 15 - Object-Oriented Programming and Classes
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Chapter 16 - Object-Oriented Programming and Inheritance
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Chapter 17 - Pythonic OOP: Properties and Dunder Methods
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C2 | C3 | C4 | C5 | C6 | C7 | C8 | C9 | C10 | C11 | C12 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
100 |
C1 处理错误及请求帮助。
python “ZeroDivisionError: division by zero” #搜索时打引号
1. 三步处理错误:
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Examining Tracebacks
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Searching for Error Messages
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Preventing Errors with Linters
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关于安装linter:
You can install Pyflakes(一种a linter) from https://pypi.org/project/pyflakes/ or by running pip install --user pyflakes
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*On Windows, you can run the* python and pip commands. But on macOS and Linux, these command names are for Python version 2 only, so instead you’ll need to run python3 and pip3*
2. 请求帮助
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官方引导: https://www.python.org/about/help/
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https://www.reddit.com/r/learnpython/
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储存代码格式的网站 https://pastebin.com/
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附上了一个好的问题格式。
C2 环境设置和命令行
内容包括: 文件系统,路径,home目录(系统盘所在的位置),当前工作文件夹,绝对路径,相对路径,程序和进程; 命令行、打开终端窗口、输入命令行运行程序、命令行参数、-c参数来运行python、命令行运行python、运行py.exe.程序、用python模块subprocess运行shell commands、Tab快捷输入、查看命令行历史(W:doskey /history ;咋不管用, history
command)
* 常用命令行--可以查“Linux与Windows命令对比”
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通配符匹配文件夹和文件名,如dir *.py
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切换目录 cd
* home文件夹:
cd ~
on macOS and Linux;cd %USERPROFILE%
on Windows* 文件夹有空格,要加双引号。
* windows切换盘 用
d:
; 返回上一层cd ..
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列出目录dir和ls
ls -al可以出现更多信息: Linux和macOS
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找文件
* windows:
dir /s *.py
遍历父和子文件夹取找py文件* 同样的命令:
find . -name "*.py"
注意后面打了引号。 -
复制文件和文件夹
copy [source file or folder] [destination folder]
cp
[source file or folder] [destination folder]
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移动文件和文件夹
move [source file or folder] [destination folder]
mv[source file or folder]``[destination folder]
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使用ren and mv重命名
ren[file or folder] [new name]
mv[file or folder] [new name]
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删除文件
del[file or folder]
#只删除文件,不删除文件名,不影响子文件夹,del /s /q [file or folder]
安静地删除所有文件,包含子文件夹里的文件,非文件夹。rm[file]
rd /s /q [folder]
#删除windows整个文件夹rm –r[folder]
#删除linus/macOS整个文件夹 -
新建文件夹
md[new folder]
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删除文件夹
rd[source folder]
: widnowsrmdir[source folder]
: macOS and Linux -
找程序的目录
where
[program] on Windows ;不知道为什么, 我这个只能用powershell输入gcm查询which
[program] on macOS and Linux -
清空终端窗口
cls
on Windowsclear
on macOS
* 环境变量和路径
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查看环境变量
set
(on Windows) orenv
(on macOS and Linux)查看home环境变量
echo
command. Runecho %HOMEPATH%
on Windows orecho $HOME
on macOS and Linux环境变量的顺序有先后
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临时变更环境变量
path C:\newFolder;%PATH%
PATH=/newFolder:$PATH
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永久变更环境变量
setx /M PATH "C:\newFolder;%PATH%"
export PATH=/newFolder:$PATH
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方便运行python的方法
windows:以下文件保存为.bat。
@py.exe C:\path\to\yourScript.py %* @pause
linux需要保存到home文件夹中,.py文件首行写
#!/usr/bin/env python3
(shebang line),输入./yourScript.py
运行。chmod u+x yourScript.py
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