SIP REG Digest认证算法分析

2021/9/19 14:05:09

本文主要是介绍SIP REG Digest认证算法分析,对大家解决编程问题具有一定的参考价值,需要的程序猿们随着小编来一起学习吧!

一、回顾SIP Register的认证过程

  1. Client(通常是话机或IM+软件)向REG Server(一般是OpenSIPS或Freeswitch)发起REGISTER注册请求(注:此时发送的请求里,只有一些用户名、客户端类型之类的普通信息)
  2. REG Server收到请求后,发现里面没有Digest等安全相关的摘要信息,直接返回401(未授权),同时会附加额外的安全信息(比如:realm/nonce/algorithm/qop)
  3. Client收到401拒绝返回后,根据服务端返回的realm/nonce/algorithm/qop信息,结合自己的password,计算出一个最终的response digiest(注:是一个md5值),重新发起第2次REGISTER,并附带上response digest等认证相关信息。
  4. REG Server根据Client发过来的Authorization认证信息进行校验,如果校验通过,则返回200 OK,认证通过

 

二、认证过程中的SIP信令(报文)

这里介绍二种查看REGISTER过程SIP信令的方法:

2.1 打开FreeSwitch的SIP trace功能 

sofia profile internal siptrace on|off

在FreeSwitch控制台中,输入上面的命令行(on为打开,off为关闭),然后用Client(比如:免费开源软电话MicroSIP)注册,此时FreeSwitch中会输出4段SIP报文,分别对应认证过程中的4个阶段,类似下面这样:

第1段 REGISTER(Client → FreeSwitch)

recv 647 bytes from tcp/[10.32.26.25]:51696 at 02:14:58.914917:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
REGISTER sip:10.32.26.25:5070;transport=tcp SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 10.32.26.25:51696;rport;branch=z9hG4bKPj8d4db68b24754f539dbf3b563a44fe55;alias
Max-Forwards: 70
From: <sip:1000@10.32.26.25>;tag=89aefb1f3fc0413283a453eda5407f60
To: <sip:1000@10.32.26.25>
Call-ID: 1e7af0e67a5044658fc7f6716d329642
CSeq: 36850 REGISTER
User-Agent: MicroSIP/3.20.3
Supported: outbound, path
Contact: <sip:1000@10.32.26.25:51696;transport=TCP;ob>;reg-id=1;+sip.instance="<urn:uuid:00000000-0000-0000-0000-000011058e7e>"
Expires: 300
Allow: PRACK, INVITE, ACK, BYE, CANCEL, UPDATE, INFO, SUBSCRIBE, NOTIFY, REFER, MESSAGE, OPTIONS
Content-Length:  0

第2段 401 Unauthorized(FreeSwitch → Client)

send 670 bytes to tcp/[10.32.26.25]:51696 at 02:14:58.918913:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SIP/2.0 401 Unauthorized
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 10.32.26.25:51696;rport=51696;branch=z9hG4bKPj8d4db68b24754f539dbf3b563a44fe55;alias
From: <sip:1000@10.32.26.25>;tag=89aefb1f3fc0413283a453eda5407f60
To: <sip:1000@10.32.26.25>;tag=Q0m1g96BS3vpa
Call-ID: 1e7af0e67a5044658fc7f6716d329642
CSeq: 36850 REGISTER
User-Agent: FreeSWITCH-mod_sofia/1.6.18+git~20170612T211449Z~6e79667c0a~64bit
Allow: INVITE, ACK, BYE, CANCEL, OPTIONS, MESSAGE, INFO, UPDATE, REGISTER, REFER, NOTIFY, PUBLISH, SUBSCRIBE
Supported: timer, path, replaces
WWW-Authenticate: Digest realm="10.32.26.25", nonce="bee3366b-cf59-476e-bc5e-334e0d65b386", algorithm=MD5, qop="auth"
Content-Length: 0

第3段  REGISTER (第2次 Client → FreeSwitch)

recv 921 bytes from tcp/[10.32.26.25]:51696 at 02:14:58.925916:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
REGISTER sip:10.32.26.25:5070;transport=tcp SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 10.32.26.25:51696;rport;branch=z9hG4bKPj414de93b6fd34f21a9c453d81117fee2;alias
Max-Forwards: 70
From: <sip:1000@10.32.26.25>;tag=89aefb1f3fc0413283a453eda5407f60
To: <sip:1000@10.32.26.25>
Call-ID: 1e7af0e67a5044658fc7f6716d329642
CSeq: 36851 REGISTER
User-Agent: MicroSIP/3.20.3
Supported: outbound, path
Contact: <sip:1000@10.32.26.25:51696;transport=TCP;ob>;reg-id=1;+sip.instance="<urn:uuid:00000000-0000-0000-0000-000011058e7e>"
Expires: 300
Allow: PRACK, INVITE, ACK, BYE, CANCEL, UPDATE, INFO, SUBSCRIBE, NOTIFY, REFER, MESSAGE, OPTIONS
Authorization: Digest username="1000", realm="10.32.26.25", nonce="bee3366b-cf59-476e-bc5e-334e0d65b386", uri="sip:10.32.26.25:5070;transport=tcp", response="7a8049557b2e77602625fa9ee7d8f088", algorithm=MD5, cnonce="c3606b3f70544096a7e17fcdb4670795", qop=auth, nc=00000001
Content-Length:  0

第4段 200 Ok(FreeSwitch → Client)

 send 646 bytes to tcp/[10.32.26.25]:51696 at 02:14:58.933914:
   ------------------------------------------------------------------------
   SIP/2.0 200 OK
   Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 10.32.26.25:51696;rport=51696;branch=z9hG4bKPj414de93b6fd34f21a9c453d81117fee2;alias
   From: <sip:1000@10.32.26.25>;tag=89aefb1f3fc0413283a453eda5407f60
   To: <sip:1000@10.32.26.25>;tag=r9Dtj4QFpcK9N
   Call-ID: 1e7af0e67a5044658fc7f6716d329642
   CSeq: 36851 REGISTER
   Contact: <sip:1000@10.32.26.25:51696;transport=TCP;ob>;expires=300
   Date: Mon, 06 Sep 2021 02:14:58 GMT
   User-Agent: FreeSWITCH-mod_sofia/1.6.18+git~20170612T211449Z~6e79667c0a~64bit
   Allow: INVITE, ACK, BYE, CANCEL, OPTIONS, MESSAGE, INFO, UPDATE, REGISTER, REFER, NOTIFY, PUBLISH, SUBSCRIBE
   Supported: timer, path, replaces
   Content-Length: 0

  

2.2 采用WireShark抓包

 

参考上图,启动WireShark,指定网卡以及抓包的协议为sip后,本机用Client注册登录1次,就能抓到这4个阶段的SIP信令(注:上图的REG Server是OpenSIPS),跟FreeSwith做为REG Server对比,可以发现OpenSIPS第3阶段,返回的Authorization里,少了cnounce、 qop、nc这3个值,这一点要注意一下。

 

三、Response Digest的计算过程 

通过观察SIP报文发现,整个注册过程中Client始终没有发送过任何password的明文,相对还是很安全的。Client第2次发起REGISTER时,附带的Response值是关键!REG Server将校验这个值的正确性,校验通过才会注册成功。

整个计算过程,分成三步:

3.1 计算HA1

规则如下:

algorithm  HA1

MD5(或未指定)

MD5(username:realm:password)

MD5-sess

MD5(MD5(username:realm:password):nonce:cnonce)

    注:MD5计算出来的值为32位小写,password为密码,只有Client自己知道。

 例1(FreeSwitch充当REG Server):

 Client第2次提交的REGISTER请求中,Authorization信息为:

Authorization: Digest username="1000", realm="10.32.26.25", nonce="bee3366b-cf59-476e-bc5e-334e0d65b386", uri="sip:10.32.26.25:5070;transport=tcp", response="7a8049557b2e77602625fa9ee7d8f088", algorithm=MD5, cnonce="c3606b3f70544096a7e17fcdb4670795", qop=auth, nc=00000001

则HA1 = MD5("1000:10.32.26.25:1234") = 6a5e40ec8a6cbac75b9914b271516a47 (假设password为1234)

 

例2(OpenSIPS充当REG Server):

第2阶段,FreeSwitch返回的Authorization如下:

Authorization: Digest username="440444", realm="10.2.60.171", nonce="6135e48401ea0109021093850f9c5db2bf101786", uri="sip:10.2.60.171:5060", response="885f45ae2179c9d8ce2bc1cbd8e4bb9f"

则HA1 = MD5("440444:10.2.60.171:440444") = 109cf921db79c57e146cd8d46429312d (假设password与username相同,都为440444)

 

3.2 计算HA2

规则如下:

qop HA2

auth(或未指定)

MD5(method:digestURI)

auth-int

MD5(method:digestURI:MD5(entityBody))

注:digestURI为SIP信令Authorization节点中的uri值,对于注册来说,method即为固定值REGISTER

例1(FreeSwitch充当REG Server):

Client第2次提交的REGISTER请求中,Authorization信息为:

Authorization: Digest username="1000", realm="10.32.26.25", nonce="bee3366b-cf59-476e-bc5e-334e0d65b386", uri="sip:10.32.26.25:5070;transport=tcp", response="7a8049557b2e77602625fa9ee7d8f088", algorithm=MD5, cnonce="c3606b3f70544096a7e17fcdb4670795", qop=auth, nc=00000001

则HA2 = MD5("REGISTER:sip:10.32.26.25:5070;transport=tcp") = c0a1637fb943febd38e69c2087d58fe9

 

例2(OpenSIPS充当REG Server):

第2阶段,FreeSwitch返回的Authorization如下:

Authorization: Digest username="440444", realm="10.2.60.171", nonce="6135e48401ea0109021093850f9c5db2bf101786", uri="sip:10.2.60.171:5060", response="885f45ae2179c9d8ce2bc1cbd8e4bb9f"

则HA2 = MD5("REGISTER:sip:10.2.60.171:5060") = 9f5c90dad45f8b57a9de5ad977027d7b

 

3.3 计算Response

根据前2步计算出来的HA1及HA2,计算response值,规则如下:

qop response
未指定
MD5(HA1:nonce:HA2)
auth或auth-int
MD5(HA1:nonce:nonceCount:cnonce:qop:HA2)

计算结果如下:

  例1(FreeSwitch充当REG Server) 例2(OpenSIPS充当REG Server)
response

MD5("6a5e40ec8a6cbac75b9914b271516a47:bee3366b-cf59-476e-bc5e-334e0d65b386:00000001:c3606b3f70544096a7e17fcdb4670795:auth:c0a1637fb943febd38e69c2087d58fe9")

=7a8049557b2e77602625fa9ee7d8f088

MD5("109cf921db79c57e146cd8d46429312d:6135e48401ea0109021093850f9c5db2bf101786:9f5c90dad45f8b57a9de5ad977027d7b")

=885f45ae2179c9d8ce2bc1cbd8e4bb9f

qop auth
nonceCount 00000001
nonce bee3366b-cf59-476e-bc5e-334e0d65b386 6135e48401ea0109021093850f9c5db2bf101786
HA2 c0a1637fb943febd38e69c2087d58fe9 9f5c90dad45f8b57a9de5ad977027d7b
HA1 6a5e40ec8a6cbac75b9914b271516a47 109cf921db79c57e146cd8d46429312d
cnonce c3606b3f70544096a7e17fcdb4670795

 

参考文章:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digest_access_authentication

https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2069

https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2617



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