本文主要是介绍【python初级】 Ubuntu18.04上安装python3、pip3，对大家解决编程问题具有一定的参考价值，需要的程序猿们随着小编来一起学习吧！

【python初级】 Ubuntu18.04上安装python3、pip3

• 1、背景
• 2、安装python3
• 3、安装pip3

1、背景

最近在使用docker部署。
通过docker镜像创建的容器中没有python3。

Ubuntu18.04系统环境：

root@7a8faaaebdbb:/# cat /proc/version
Linux version 5.4.0-87-generic (buildd@lgw01-amd64-059) (gcc version 7.5.0 (Ubuntu 7.5.0-3ubuntu1~18.04)) #98~18.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Wed Sep 22 10:45:04 UTC 2021
root@7a8faaaebdbb:/# uname -r
5.4.0-87-generic
root@7a8faaaebdbb:/#

2、安装python3

安装命令：apt install python3.6

安装之前执行apt update，更新可用软件包列表。避免出现找不到安装包的报错。

安装细节如下：

root@7a8faaaebdbb:/# apt install python3.6  
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  file libexpat1 libmagic-mgc libmagic1 libmpdec2 libpython3.6-minimal libpython3.6-stdlib mime-support python3.6-minimal
Suggested packages:
  python3.6-venv python3.6-doc binfmt-support
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  file libexpat1 libmagic-mgc libmagic1 libmpdec2 libpython3.6-minimal libpython3.6-stdlib mime-support python3.6 python3.6-minimal
0 upgraded, 10 newly installed, 0 to remove and 15 not upgraded.
Need to get 4528 kB of archives.
After this operation, 27.5 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
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Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 libexpat1 amd64 2.2.5-3ubuntu0.2 [80.5 kB]
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Get:6 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 file amd64 1:5.32-2ubuntu0.4 [22.1 kB]
Get:7 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 libmpdec2 amd64 2.4.2-1ubuntu1 [84.1 kB]
Get:8 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 mime-support all 3.60ubuntu1 [30.1 kB]
Get:9 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 libpython3.6-stdlib amd64 3.6.9-1~18.04ubuntu1.4 [1712 kB]
Get:10 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 python3.6 amd64 3.6.9-1~18.04ubuntu1.4 [203 kB]
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root@7a8faaaebdbb:/# 

python3安装验证
如下安装成功

root@7a8faaaebdbb:/# python
bash: python: command not found
root@7a8faaaebdbb:/# python2
bash: python2: command not found
root@7a8faaaebdbb:/# python3
bash: python3: command not found
root@7a8faaaebdbb:/# python3.6
Python 3.6.9 (default, Jan 26 2021, 15:33:00) 
[GCC 8.4.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> 

3、安装pip3

安装命令：apt install python3-pip

安装细节：

root@7a8faaaebdbb:/# apt install python3-pip
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  dbus dh-python gir1.2-glib-2.0 libapparmor1 libdbus-1-3 libexpat1-dev libgirepository-1.0-1 libglib2.0-0 libglib2.0-data libicu60 libpython3-dev libpython3-stdlib
  libpython3.6 libpython3.6-dev libxml2 python-pip-whl python3 python3-asn1crypto python3-cffi-backend python3-crypto python3-cryptography python3-dbus python3-dev
  python3-distutils python3-gi python3-idna python3-keyring python3-keyrings.alt python3-lib2to3 python3-minimal python3-pkg-resources python3-secretstorage python3-setuptools
  python3-six python3-wheel python3-xdg python3.6-dev shared-mime-info xdg-user-dirs
Suggested packages:
  default-dbus-session-bus | dbus-session-bus python3-doc python3-tk python3-venv python-crypto-doc python-cryptography-doc python3-cryptography-vectors python-dbus-doc
  python3-dbus-dbg gnome-keyring libkf5wallet-bin gir1.2-gnomekeyring-1.0 python-secretstorage-doc python-setuptools-doc
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  dbus dh-python gir1.2-glib-2.0 libapparmor1 libdbus-1-3 libexpat1-dev libgirepository-1.0-1 libglib2.0-0 libglib2.0-data libicu60 libpython3-dev libpython3-stdlib
  libpython3.6 libpython3.6-dev libxml2 python-pip-whl python3 python3-asn1crypto python3-cffi-backend python3-crypto python3-cryptography python3-dbus python3-dev
  python3-distutils python3-gi python3-idna python3-keyring python3-keyrings.alt python3-lib2to3 python3-minimal python3-pip python3-pkg-resources python3-secretstorage
  python3-setuptools python3-six python3-wheel python3-xdg python3.6-dev shared-mime-info xdg-user-dirs
0 upgraded, 40 newly installed, 0 to remove and 15 not upgraded.
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Unpacking python3-cryptography (2.1.4-1ubuntu1.4) ...

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Unpacking python3.6-dev (3.6.9-1~18.04ubuntu1.4) ...#####################################....................................................................................] 

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Unpacking python3-dev (3.6.7-1~18.04) ...

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Setting up libpython3-stdlib:amd64 (3.6.7-1~18.04) ...#########################################################..............................................................] 

Setting up python-pip-whl (9.0.1-2.3~ubuntu1.18.04.5) ...#######################################################.............................................................] 

Setting up libicu60:amd64 (60.2-3ubuntu3.1) ...###################################################################...........................................................] 

Setting up python3 (3.6.7-1~18.04) ...#############################################################################..........................................................] 

running python rtupdate hooks for python3.6...#######################################################################........................................................] 
running python post-rtupdate hooks for python3.6...
Setting up python3-cffi-backend (1.11.5-1) ...

Setting up python3-crypto (2.6.1-8ubuntu2) ...#########################################################################......................................................] 

Setting up libglib2.0-0:amd64 (2.56.4-0ubuntu0.18.04.8) ...#############################################################.....................................................] 

No schema files found: doing nothing.#####################################################################################...................................................] 
Setting up python3-idna (2.6-1) ...

Setting up python3-xdg (0.25-4ubuntu1.1) ...###############################################################################..................................................] 

Setting up python3-six (1.11.0-2) ...########################################################################################................................................] 

Setting up python3-wheel (0.30.0-0.2) ...#####################################################################################...............................................] 

Setting up python3-pkg-resources (39.0.1-2) ...#################################################################################.............................................] 

Setting up libgirepository-1.0-1:amd64 (1.56.1-1) ...############################################################################............................................] 

Setting up libxml2:amd64 (2.9.4+dfsg1-6.1ubuntu1.4) ...############################################################################..........................................] 

Setting up python3-asn1crypto (0.24.0-1) ...########################################################################################.........................................] 

Setting up gir1.2-glib-2.0:amd64 (1.56.1-1) ...#######################################################################################.......................................] 

Setting up libglib2.0-data (2.56.4-0ubuntu0.18.04.8) ...###############################################################################......................................] 

Setting up libapparmor1:amd64 (2.12-4ubuntu5.1) ...######################################################################################....................................] 

Setting up libexpat1-dev:amd64 (2.2.5-3ubuntu0.2) ...######################################################################################..................................] 

Setting up shared-mime-info (1.9-2) ...#####################################################################################################.................................] 

Setting up python3-lib2to3 (3.6.9-1~18.04) ...################################################################################################...............................] 

Setting up xdg-user-dirs (0.17-1ubuntu1) ...###################################################################################################..............................] 

Setting up python3-distutils (3.6.9-1~18.04) ...#################################################################################################............................] 

Setting up libdbus-1-3:amd64 (1.12.2-1ubuntu1.2) ...##############################################################################################...........................] 

Setting up libpython3.6:amd64 (3.6.9-1~18.04ubuntu1.4) ...##########################################################################################.........................] 

Setting up python3-cryptography (2.1.4-1ubuntu1.4) ...###############################################################################################........................] 

Setting up python3-dbus (1.2.6-1) ...##################################################################################################################......................] 

Setting up python3-keyrings.alt (3.0-1) ...#############################################################################################################.....................] 

Setting up python3-gi (3.26.1-2ubuntu1) ...###############################################################################################################...................] 

Setting up libpython3.6-dev:amd64 (3.6.9-1~18.04ubuntu1.4) ...##############################################################################################.................] 

Setting up python3-pip (9.0.1-2.3~ubuntu1.18.04.5) ...#######################################################################################################................] 

Setting up dbus (1.12.2-1ubuntu1.2) ...########################################################################################################################..............] 

Setting up python3-setuptools (39.0.1-2) ...####################################################################################################################.............] 

Setting up python3.6-dev (3.6.9-1~18.04ubuntu1.4) ...#############################################################################################################...........] 

Setting up python3-secretstorage (2.3.1-2) ...#####################################################################################################################..........] 

Setting up dh-python (3.20180325ubuntu2) ...#########################################################################################################################........] 

Setting up libpython3-dev:amd64 (3.6.7-1~18.04) ...###################################################################################################################.......] 

Setting up python3-keyring (10.6.0-1) ...###############################################################################################################################.....] 

Setting up python3-dev (3.6.7-1~18.04) ...###############################################################################################################################....] 

Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.27-3ubuntu1.4) ...#####################################################################################################################..] 

pip3安装验证
如下安装成功.

root@7a8faaaebdbb:/# python
bash: python: command not found
root@7a8faaaebdbb:/# python2
bash: python2: command not found
root@7a8faaaebdbb:/# python3
Python 3.6.9 (default, Jan 26 2021, 15:33:00) 
[GCC 8.4.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> quit()
root@7a8faaaebdbb:/# python3.6
Python 3.6.9 (default, Jan 26 2021, 15:33:00) 
[GCC 8.4.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> quit()
root@7a8faaaebdbb:/# pip
bash: pip: command not found
root@7a8faaaebdbb:/# pip3 list
DEPRECATION: The default format will switch to columns in the future. You can use --format=(legacy|columns) (or define a format=(legacy|columns) in your pip.conf under the [list] section) to disable this warning.
asn1crypto (0.24.0)
cryptography (2.1.4)
idna (2.6)
keyring (10.6.0)
keyrings.alt (3.0)
pip (9.0.1)
pycrypto (2.6.1)
pygobject (3.26.1)
pyxdg (0.25)
SecretStorage (2.3.1)
setuptools (39.0.1)
six (1.11.0)
wheel (0.30.0)
root@7a8faaaebdbb:/#

如上安装了pip3之后，pip3可以使用了。
同时做了python3到python3.6的软链接。

这篇关于【python初级】 Ubuntu18.04上安装python3、pip3的文章就介绍到这儿，希望我们推荐的文章对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持为之网！