DAY 08冲击蓝桥杯——Python基础08python字典
2022/1/30 1:05:17
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文章目录
- 9.1 字典的基本概念
- 9.1.1 创建字典与访问
- 9.1.2 字典长度
- 9.1.3 数据类型
- 9.2 字典的“增”
- 9.2.1 关键词索引添加
- 9.2.2 使用update
- 9.3 字典的“删”
- 9.3.1 pop()方法
- 9.3.2 popitem()方法
- 9.3.3 del关键字
- 9.3.4 clear()方法
- 9.4 字典的“改”
- 9.4.1 关键词索引
- 9.4.2 使用update()方法:
- 9.5 字典的“查”
- 9.5.1 访问键名
- 9.5.2 访问键值
- 9.6 遍历字典
- 9.6.1 打印字典中的所有键名
- 9.6.2 打印字典中的所有值:
- 9.6.3 使用values()方法返回字典的值:
- 9.6.4 可以使用该keys()方法返回字典的键:
- 9.6.5 使用以下方法循环遍历keys和valuesitems():
- 9.7 复制字典
- 9.7.1 用copy()函数
- 9.7.2 内置dict()函数
- 9.8 字典的嵌套
- 练习题
9.1 字典的基本概念
基本形式:
thisdict = { "brand": "Ford", "model": "Mustang", "year": 1964 }
字典用于在键值对中存储数据值。字典是有序*、可变且不允许重复的集合。(从 Python 3.7 版开始,字典是有序的。在 Python 3.6 及更早版本中,字典是无序的。)
9.1.1 创建字典与访问
字典是用大括号写的,有键和值。
创建并打印字典:
thisdict = { "brand": "Ford", "model": "Mustang", "year": 1964 }
字典项是有序的、可变的,并且不允许重复。字典项以键值对的形式呈现,可以使用键名进行引用。
例如打印brand的值
thisdict = { "brand": "Ford", "model": "Mustang", "year": 1964 } print(thisdict["brand"])
9.1.2 字典长度
还是用用len函数
hisdict = { "brand": "Ford", "model": "Mustang", "year": 1964, "year": 2020 } print(len(thisdict))
9.1.3 数据类型
(1)字典项中的值可以是任何数据类型:
例如:
thisdict = { "brand": "Ford", "electric": False, "year": 1964, "colors": ["red", "white", "blue"] }
类型:dict()
(2)打印字典的数据类型:
thisdict = { "brand": "Ford", "electric": False, "year": 1964, "colors": ["red", "white", "blue"] } print(type(thisdict))
(3)与其他数据类型的区别
列表是有序且可变的,允许重复元素;
元组是有序且不可更改的,允许重复元素;
集合是无序且无索引的,无重复元素;
字典是有序且可变的,无重复元素。
9.2 字典的“增”
9.2.1 关键词索引添加
比如我要添加一个年龄为20:
thisdict = { "name": "hg", "address": "长沙", "year": 2000 } thisdict['age']=21 print(thisdict)
9.2.2 使用update
thisdict = { "name": "hg", "address": "长沙", "year": 2000 } thisdict['age']=21 print(thisdict) thisdict.update({'age':'21岁'}) print(thisdict)
9.3 字典的“删”
9.3.1 pop()方法
删除具有指定键名的项。
比如我要删除地址项目:
thisdict = { "name": "hg", "address": "长沙", "year": 2000 } print(thisdict) thisdict.pop("address") print(thisdict)
9.3.2 popitem()方法
删除最后插入的项目(在 3.7 之前的版本中,将删除随机项目):
thisdict = { "name": "hg", "address": "长沙", "year": 2000 } thisdict.pop("address") print(thisdict) thisdict.popitem() print(thisdict)
9.3.3 del关键字
删除与指定键名称的项目:
thisdict = { "name": "hg", "address": "长沙", "year": 2000 } del thisdict['name'] print(thisdict)
也可以完全删除该字典。
9.3.4 clear()方法
清空字典:
thisdict = { "name": "hg", "address": "长沙", "year": 2000 } thisdict.clear() print(thisdict)
9.4 字典的“改”
9.4.1 关键词索引
thisdict = { "name": "hg", "address": "长沙", "year": 2000 } thisdict['name'] = 'hg菜鸟' print(thisdict)
9.4.2 使用update()方法:
thisdict = { "name": "hg", "address": "长沙", "year": 2000 } thisdict.update({'name':'hg菜鸟'}) print(thisdict)
9.5 字典的“查”
9.5.1 访问键名
(1)可以通过引用方括号内的键名来访问字典的项目:
thisdict = { "name": "hg", "address": "长沙", "year": 2000 } x = thisdict["name"] print(x)
(2)还有一个被调用的方法get()会给你同样的结果:
thisdict = { "name": "hg", "address": "长沙", "year": 2000 } x = thisdict["name"] y=thisdict.get('name') print(x) print(y)
9.5.2 访问键值
(1)keys()方法将返回字典中所有键的列表。
thisdict = { "name": "hg", "address": "长沙", "year": 2000 } x = thisdict.keys() print(x)
(2)向原始字典添加一个新项目,并看到键列表也得到更新:
thisdict = { "name": "hg", "address": "长沙", "year": 2000 } thisdict['age']=20 print(thisdict)
(3)获取值
thisdict = { "name": "hg", "address": "长沙", "year": 2000 } x = thisdict.values() print(x)
(4)items()方法将返回字典中的每个项目,作为列表中的元组。
thisdict = { "name": "hg", "address": "长沙", "year": 2000 } thisdict['age']=20 print(thisdict) x = thisdict.items() print(x)
(5)要确定字典中是否存在指定的键,请使用in关键字:
thisdict = { "name": "hg", "address": "长沙", "year": 2000 } if 'name' in thisdict: print('name在字典')
9.6 遍历字典
9.6.1 打印字典中的所有键名
thisdict = { "name": "hg", "address": "长沙", "year": 2000 } for x in thisdict: print(x)
9.6.2 打印字典中的所有值:
thisdict = { "name": "hg", "address": "长沙", "year": 2000 } for x in thisdict: print(thisdict[x])
9.6.3 使用values()方法返回字典的值:
thisdict = { "name": "hg", "address": "长沙", "year": 2000 } for x in thisdict.values(): print(x)
9.6.4 可以使用该keys()方法返回字典的键:
thisdict = { "name": "hg", "address": "长沙", "year": 2000 } for x in thisdict.keys(): print(x)
9.6.5 使用以下方法循环遍历keys和valuesitems():
thisdict = { "name": "hg", "address": "长沙", "year": 2000 } for x, y in thisdict.items(): print(x, y)
9.7 复制字典
9.7.1 用copy()函数
thisdict = { "name": "hg", "address": "长沙", "year": 2000 } mydict=thisdict.copy() print(mydict)
9.7.2 内置dict()函数
thisdict = { "name": "hg", "address": "长沙", "year": 2000 } mydict=dict(thisdict) print(mydict)
9.8 字典的嵌套
创建一个包含三个字典的字典:
myfamily = { "child1" : { "name" : "Emil", "year" : 2004 }, "child2" : { "name" : "Tobias", "year" : 2007 }, "child3" : { "name" : "Linus", "year" : 2011 } } print(myfamily)
创建三个字典,然后创建一个包含其他三个字典的字典:
child1 = { "name" : "Emil", "year" : 2004 } child2 = { "name" : "Tobias", "year" : 2007 } child3 = { "name" : "Linus", "year" : 2011 } myfamily = { "child1" : child1, "child2" : child2, "child3" : child3 } print(myfamily)
练习题
Q1-使用get方法打印汽车字典的“model”键的值。
car = { "brand": "Ford", "model": "Mustang", "year": 1964 } print(car.get("model"))
Q2-将“year”值从 1964 更改为 2020。
car = { "brand": "Ford", "model": "Mustang", "year": 1964 } car["year"]=2020 print(car)
Q3-将键/值对 “color” : “red” 添加到汽车字典中。
car = { "brand": "Ford", "model": "Mustang", "year": 1964 } car["color"]="red" print(car)
Q4-使用 pop 方法从汽车字典中删除“model”。
car = { "brand": "Ford", "model": "Mustang", "year": 1964 } car.pop("model") print(car)
Q5-使用clear方法清空car字典。
car = { "brand": "Ford", "model": "Mustang", "year": 1964 } car.clear() print(car)
answer都经过python调试。
https://chuanchuan.blog.csdn.net/article/details/120419754?spm=1001.2014.3001.5502
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