基于python的数学建模---预测问题
2022/8/11 14:24:59
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instance:
我们先对此数据集进行轮廓系数的计算
from sklearn import metrics import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from sklearn.cluster import KMeans from sklearn import preprocessing import pandas as pd def import_data_format_iris(file): """ file这里是输入文件的路径,如iris.txt. 格式化数据,前四列为data,最后一列为类标号(有0,1,2三类) 如果是你自己的data,就不需要执行此段函数了。 """ data = [] cluster_location = [] with open(str(file), 'r') as f: for line in f: current = line.strip().split(",") # 对每一行以逗号为分割,返回一个list current_dummy = [] for j in range(0, len(current) - 1): current_dummy.append(float(current[j])) # current_dummy存放data j += 1 # 下面注这段话提供了一个范例:若类标号不是0,1,2之类数字时该怎么给数据集 # 归类 if current[j] == "Iris-setosa\n": cluster_location.append(0) elif current[j] == "Iris-versicolor\n": cluster_location.append(1) else: cluster_location.append(2) data.append(current_dummy) print("加载数据完毕") return data # data = pd.read_csv('C:\\Users\\Style\\Desktop\\Iris.csv') data = import_data_format_iris('C:\\Users\\Style\\Desktop\\Iris.csv') info_scaled = preprocessing.scale(data) X = info_scaled score = [] for i in range(2, 18): km = KMeans(n_clusters=i, init='k-means++', n_init=10, max_iter=300, random_state=0) km.fit(X) score.append(metrics.silhouette_score(X, km.labels_, metric='euclidean')) plt.figure(dpi=150) plt.plot(range(2, 18), score, marker='o') plt.xlabel('Number of clusters') plt.ylabel('silhouette_score') plt.show()
得到图像
看得出来 当簇数为2的时候点最高
接下来 用模糊C均值聚类
import copy import math import random import time global MAX # 用于初始化隶属度矩阵U MAX = 10000.0 global Epsilon # 结束条件 Epsilon = 0.0000001 def import_data_format_iris(file): """ file这里是输入文件的路径,如iris.txt. 格式化数据,前四列为data,最后一列为类标号(有0,1,2三类) 如果是你自己的data,就不需要执行此段函数了。 """ data = [] cluster_location = [] with open(str(file), 'r') as f: for line in f: current = line.strip().split(",") # 对每一行以逗号为分割,返回一个list current_dummy = [] for j in range(0, len(current) - 1): current_dummy.append(float(current[j])) # current_dummy存放data j += 1 # 下面注这段话提供了一个范例:若类标号不是0,1,2之类数字时该怎么给数据集 # 归类 if current[j] == "Iris-setosa\n": cluster_location.append(0) elif current[j] == "Iris-versicolor\n": cluster_location.append(1) else: cluster_location.append(2) data.append(current_dummy) print("加载数据完毕") return data # return data , cluster_location def randomize_data(data): """ 该功能将数据随机化,并保持随机化顺序的记录 """ order = list(range(0, len(data))) random.shuffle(order) new_data = [[] for i in range(0, len(data))] for index in range(0, len(order)): new_data[index] = data[order[index]] return new_data, order def de_randomise_data(data, order): """ 此函数将返回数据的原始顺序,将randomise_data()返回的order列表作为参数 """ new_data = [[] for i in range(0, len(data))] for index in range(len(order)): new_data[order[index]] = data[index] return new_data def print_matrix(list): """ 以可重复的方式打印矩阵 """ for i in range(0, len(list)): print(list[i]) def initialize_U(data, cluster_number): """ 这个函数是隶属度矩阵U的每行加起来都为1. 此处需要一个全局变量MAX. """ global MAX U = [] for i in range(0, len(data)): current = [] rand_sum = 0.0 for j in range(0, cluster_number): dummy = random.randint(1, int(MAX)) current.append(dummy) rand_sum += dummy for j in range(0, cluster_number): current[j] = current[j] / rand_sum U.append(current) return U def distance(point, center): """ 该函数计算2点之间的距离(作为列表)。我们指欧几里德距离。闵可夫斯基距离 """ if len(point) != len(center): return -1 dummy = 0.0 for i in range(0, len(point)): dummy += abs(point[i] - center[i]) ** 2 return math.sqrt(dummy) def end_conditon(U, U_old): """ 结束条件。当U矩阵随着连续迭代停止变化时,触发结束 """ global Epsilon for i in range(0, len(U)): for j in range(0, len(U[0])): if abs(U[i][j] - U_old[i][j]) < Epsilon: return False return True def normalise_U(U): """ 在聚类结束时使U模糊化。每个样本的隶属度最大的为1,其余为0 """ for i in range(0, len(U)): maximum = max(U[i]) for j in range(0, len(U[0])): if U[i][j] != maximum: U[i][j] = 0 else: U[i][j] = 1 return U # m的最佳取值范围为[1.5,2.5] def fuzzy(data, cluster_number, m): """ 这是主函数,它将计算所需的聚类中心,并返回最终的归一化隶属矩阵U. 参数是:簇数(cluster_number)和隶属度的因子(m) """ # 初始化隶属度矩阵U U = initialize_U(data, cluster_number) # print_matrix(U) # 循环更新U while (True): # 创建它的副本,以检查结束条件 U_old = copy.deepcopy(U) # 计算聚类中心 C = [] for j in range(0, cluster_number): current_cluster_center = [] for i in range(0, len(data[0])): dummy_sum_num = 0.0 dummy_sum_dum = 0.0 for k in range(0, len(data)): # 分子 dummy_sum_num += (U[k][j] ** m) * data[k][i] # 分母 dummy_sum_dum += (U[k][j] ** m) # 第i列的聚类中心 current_cluster_center.append(dummy_sum_num / dummy_sum_dum) # 第j簇的所有聚类中心 C.append(current_cluster_center) # 创建一个距离向量, 用于计算U矩阵。 distance_matrix = [] for i in range(0, len(data)): current = [] for j in range(0, cluster_number): current.append(distance(data[i], C[j])) distance_matrix.append(current) # 更新U for j in range(0, cluster_number): for i in range(0, len(data)): dummy = 0.0 for k in range(0, cluster_number): # 分母 dummy += (distance_matrix[i][j] / distance_matrix[i][k]) ** (2 / (m - 1)) U[i][j] = 1 / dummy if end_conditon(U, U_old): print("结束聚类") break print("标准化 U") U = normalise_U(U) return U def checker_iris(final_location): """ 和真实的聚类结果进行校验比对 """ right = 0.0 for k in range(0, 3): checker = [0, 0, 0] for i in range(0, 50): for j in range(0, len(final_location[0])): if final_location[i + (50 * k)][j] == 1: # i+(50*k)表示 j表示第j类 checker[j] += 1 # checker分别统计每一类分类正确的个数 right += max(checker) # 累加分类正确的个数 print('分类正确的个数是:', right) answer = right / 150 * 100 return "准确率:" + str(answer) + "%" if __name__ == '__main__': # 加载数据 data = import_data_format_iris("C:\\Users\\Style\\Desktop\\Iris.csv") # print_matrix(data) # 随机化数据 data, order = randomize_data(data) # print_matrix(data) start = time.time() # 现在我们有一个名为data的列表,它只是数字 # 我们还有另一个名为cluster_location的列表,它给出了正确的聚类结果位置 # 调用模糊C均值函数 final_location = fuzzy(data, 2, 2) # 还原数据 final_location = de_randomise_data(final_location, order) # print_matrix(final_location) # 准确度分析 print(checker_iris(final_location)) print("用时:{0}".format(time.time() - start))
得到
加载数据完毕 结束聚类 标准化 U 分类正确的个数是: 126.0 准确率:84.0% 用时:0.0029931068420410156
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