Python异步爬虫(aiohttp版)
2022/12/30 23:23:56
本文主要是介绍Python异步爬虫(aiohttp版),对大家解决编程问题具有一定的参考价值,需要的程序猿们随着小编来一起学习吧!
1.requests请求
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # @Time : 2022/12/6 16:03 # @Author : 红后 # @Email : not_enabled@163.com # @blog : https://www.cnblogs.com/Red-Sun # @File : 实例1.py # @Software: PyCharm import aiohttp, asyncio async def aiohttp_requests(url): # aiohttp的requests函数 async with aiohttp.request("GET", url=url) as response: return await response.text(encoding='UTF-8') async def main(): # 主函数用于异步函数的启动 url = 'https://www.baidu.com' html = await aiohttp_requests(url) # await修饰异步函数 print(html) if __name__ == '__main__': loop = asyncio.get_event_loop() loop.run_until_complete(main())
2.session请求
GET:
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # @Time : 2022/12/6 16:33 # @Author : 红后 # @Email : not_enabled@163.com # @blog : https://www.cnblogs.com/Red-Sun # @File : 实例2.py # @Software: PyCharm import aiohttp, asyncio async def aiohttp_requests(url): # aiohttp的requests函数 async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session: # 声明了一个支持异步的上下文管理器 async with session.get(url) as response: return await response.text(encoding='UTF-8') async def main(): # 主函数用于异步函数的启动 url = 'https://www.baidu.com' html = await aiohttp_requests(url) # await修饰异步函数 print(html) if __name__ == '__main__': loop = asyncio.get_event_loop() loop.run_until_complete(main()) 其中aiohttp还有post,put, delete...等一系列请求(PS:一般情况下只需要创建一个session,然后使用这个session执行所有的请求。) PSOT:传参
async def aiohttp_requests(url): # aiohttp的requests函数 async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session: data = {'key': 'value'} async with session.post(url=url, data=data) as response: return await response.text(encoding='UTF-8')
PS:这种传参传递的数据将会被转码,如果不想被转码可以直接提交字符串data=str(data)
附:关于session请求数据修改操作
1.cookies
自定义cookies应该放在ClientSession中,而不是session.get()中
async def aiohttp_requests(url): # aiohttp的requests函数 cookies = {'USER_AGENT': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/106.0.0.0 Safari/537.36'} async with aiohttp.ClientSession(cookies=cookies) as session: async with session.get(url) as response: return await response.text(encoding='UTF-8')
2.headers
放在自定义的headers跟正常的requests一样放在session.get()中
async def aiohttp_requests(url): # aiohttp的requests函数 async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session: headers = {'USER_AGENT': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/106.0.0.0 Safari/537.36'} async with session.get(url=url, headers=headers) as response: return await response.text(encoding='UTF-8')
3.timeout
默认响应时间为5分钟,通过timeout可以重新设定,其放在session.get()中
async def aiohttp_requests(url): # aiohttp的requests函数 async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session: async with session.get(url=url, timeout=60) as response: return await response.text(encoding='UTF-8')
4.proxy
当然代理也是支持的在session.get()中配置
async def aiohttp_requests(url): # aiohttp的requests函数 async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session: async with session.get(url=url, proxy="http://some.proxy.com") as response: return await response.text(encoding='UTF-8')
需要授权的代理
async def aiohttp_requests(url): # aiohttp的requests函数 async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session: proxy_auth = aiohttp.BasicAuth('user', 'pass') # 用户,密码 async with session.get(url=url, proxy="http://some.proxy.com", proxy_auth=proxy_auth) as response: return await response.text(encoding='UTF-8')
或者
async def aiohttp_requests(url): # aiohttp的requests函数 async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session: async with session.get(url=url, proxy='http://user:pass@some.proxy.com') as response: return await response.text(encoding='UTF-8')
报错处理
错误:RuntimeError: Event loop is closed
报错原因是使用了asyncio.run(main())
来运行程序
看到别个大佬的总结是asyncio.run()会自动关闭循环,并且调用_ProactorBasePipeTransport.__del__报错, 而asyncio.run_until_complete()不会。
第一种解决方法换成如下代码运行
loop = asyncio.get_event_loop() loop.run_until_complete(main())
第二种重写方法以保证run()的运行
from functools import wraps from asyncio.proactor_events import _ProactorBasePipeTransport def silence_event_loop_closed(func): @wraps(func) def wrapper(self, *args, **kwargs): try: return func(self, *args, **kwargs) except RuntimeError as e: if str(e) != 'Event loop is closed': raise return wrapper _ProactorBasePipeTransport.__del__ = silence_event_loop_closed(_ProactorBasePipeTransport.__del__)
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