Asp.netCore3.1 高级应用

ASP.NET Core 中基于工厂的中间件激活

IMiddlewareFactory/IMiddleware 是中间件激活的扩展点。

UseMiddleware 扩展方法检查中间件的已注册类型是否实现 IMiddleware。如果是，则使用在容器中注册的 IMiddlewareFactory 实例来解析 IMiddleware 实现，而不使用基于约定的中间件激活逻辑。中间件在应用的服务容器中注册为作用域或瞬态服务。

优点：

按客户端请求（作用域服务的注入）激活
让中间件强类型化

IMiddleware 按客户端请求（连接）激活，因此作用域服务可以注入到中间件的构造函数中。

查看或下载示例代码（如何下载）

IMiddleware

IMiddleware 定义应用的请求管道的中间件。 InvokeAsync(HttpContext, RequestDelegate) 方法处理请求，并返回代表中间件执行的 Task。

使用约定激活的中间件：

public class ConventionalMiddleware
{
    private readonly RequestDelegate _next;

    public ConventionalMiddleware(RequestDelegate next)
    {
        _next = next;
    }

    public async Task InvokeAsync(HttpContext context, AppDbContext db)
    {
        var keyValue = context.Request.Query["key"];

        if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(keyValue))
        {
            db.Add(new Request()
                {
                    DT = DateTime.UtcNow, 
                    MiddlewareActivation = "ConventionalMiddleware", 
                    Value = keyValue
                });

            await db.SaveChangesAsync();
        }

        await _next(context);
    }
}

使用 MiddlewareFactory 激活的中间件：

public class FactoryActivatedMiddleware : IMiddleware
{
    private readonly AppDbContext _db;

    public FactoryActivatedMiddleware(AppDbContext db)
    {
        _db = db;
    }

    public async Task InvokeAsync(HttpContext context, RequestDelegate next)
    {
        var keyValue = context.Request.Query["key"];

        if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(keyValue))
        {
            _db.Add(new Request()
                {
                    DT = DateTime.UtcNow, 
                    MiddlewareActivation = "FactoryActivatedMiddleware", 
                    Value = keyValue
                });

            await _db.SaveChangesAsync();
        }

        await next(context);
    }
}

程序会为中间件创建扩展：

public static class MiddlewareExtensions
{
    public static IApplicationBuilder UseConventionalMiddleware(
        this IApplicationBuilder builder)
    {
        return builder.UseMiddleware<ConventionalMiddleware>();
    }

    public static IApplicationBuilder UseFactoryActivatedMiddleware(
        this IApplicationBuilder builder)
    {
        return builder.UseMiddleware<FactoryActivatedMiddleware>();
    }
}

无法通过 UseMiddleware 将对象传递给工厂激活的中间件：

public static IApplicationBuilder UseFactoryActivatedMiddleware(
    this IApplicationBuilder builder, bool option)
{
    // Passing 'option' as an argument throws a NotSupportedException at runtime.
    return builder.UseMiddleware<FactoryActivatedMiddleware>(option);
}

将工厂激活的中间件添加到 Startup.ConfigureServices 的内置容器中：

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
    services.AddDbContext<AppDbContext>(options =>
        options.UseInMemoryDatabase("InMemoryDb"));

    services.AddTransient<FactoryActivatedMiddleware>();

    services.AddRazorPages();
}

两个中间件均在 Startup.Configure 的请求处理管道中注册：

public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
{
    if (env.IsDevelopment())
    {
        app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
    }
    else
    {
        app.UseExceptionHandler("/Error");
    }

    app.UseConventionalMiddleware();
    app.UseFactoryActivatedMiddleware();

    app.UseStaticFiles();
    app.UseRouting();

    app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
    {
        endpoints.MapRazorPages();
    });
}

IMiddlewareFactory

IMiddlewareFactory 提供中间件的创建方法。中间件工厂实现在容器中注册为作用域服务。

可在 Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http 包中找到默认的 IMiddlewareFactory 实现（即 MiddlewareFactory）。