深度学习开发环境

在本章中，我们将学习如何为Python深度学习设置环境。 我们需要安装以下软件来制作深度学习算法。

• Python 2.7+
• Scipy以及Numpy
• Matplotlib
• Theano
• Keras
• TensorFlow

强烈建议通过Anaconda发行版安装Python，NumPy，SciPy和Matplotlib。 它配备了所有这些软件包。

需要确保这些类型的软件安装正确。使用以下命令行 -

$ python
Python 3.6.3 |Anaconda custom (32-bit)| (default, Oct 13 2017, 14:21:34)
[GCC 7.2.0] on linux

接下来，可以导入所需的库并打印它们的版本 -

C:\Users\Administrator>python
Python 3.6.5 (v3.6.5:f59c0932b4, Mar 28 2018, 17:00:18) [MSC v.1900 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import numpy
>>> print (numpy.__version__)
1.14.5
>>>

Theano，TensorFlow和Keras的安装

在开始安装软件包 - Theano，TensorFlow和Keras之前，我们需要确认是否安装了pip。 Anaconda的包裹管理系统被称为pip。

要确认pip的安装，请在命令行中输入pip，它会显示这个命令的使用方法 -

C:\Users\Administrator>pip

Usage:
  pip <command> [options]

Commands:
  install                     Install packages.
  download                    Download packages.
  uninstall                   Uninstall packages.
  freeze                      Output installed packages in requirements format.
  list                        List installed packages.
  show                        Show information about installed packages.
  check                       Verify installed packages have compatible dependencies.
  config                      Manage local and global configuration.
  search                      Search PyPI for packages.
  wheel                       Build wheels from your requirements.
  hash                        Compute hashes of package archives.
  completion                  A helper command used for command completion.
  help                        Show help for commands.

General Options:
  -h, --help                  Show help.
  --isolated                  Run pip in an isolated mode, ignoring environment variables and user configuration.
  -v, --verbose               Give more output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times.
  -V, --version               Show version and exit.
  -q, --quiet                 Give less output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times (corresponding to
                              WARNING, ERROR, and CRITICAL logging levels).
  --log <path>                Path to a verbose appending log.
  --proxy <proxy>             Specify a proxy in the form [user:passwd@]proxy.server:port.
  --retries <retries>         Maximum number of retries each connection should attempt (default 5 times).
  --timeout <sec>             Set the socket timeout (default 15 seconds).
  --exists-action <action>    Default action when a path already exists: (s)witch, (i)gnore, (w)ipe, (b)ackup,
                              (a)bort).
  --trusted-host <hostname>   Mark this host as trusted, even though it does not have valid or any HTTPS.
  --cert <path>               Path to alternate CA bundle.
  --client-cert <path>        Path to SSL client certificate, a single file containing the private key and the
                              certificate in PEM format.
  --cache-dir <dir>           Store the cache data in <dir>.
  --no-cache-dir              Disable the cache.
  --disable-pip-version-check
                              Don't periodically check PyPI to determine whether a new version of pip is available for
                              download. Implied with --no-index.
  --no-color                  Suppress colored output

确认安装了pip以后，可以通过执行以下命令来安装TensorFlow和Keras -

$ pip install theano
$ pip install tensorflow
$ pip install keras

通过执行以下代码行来确认Theano的安装 -

$ python –c “import theano; print (theano.__version__)”

输出结果如下 -

C:\Users\Administrator>python -c "import theano; print (theano.__version__)"
WARNING (theano.configdefaults): g++ not available, if using conda: `conda install m2w64-toolchain`
E:\Program Files\Python36\lib\site-packages\theano\configdefaults.py:560: UserWarning: DeprecationWarning: there is no c++ compiler.This is deprecated and with Theano 0.11 a c++ compiler will be mandatory
  warnings.warn("DeprecationWarning: there is no c++ compiler."
WARNING (theano.configdefaults): g++ not detected ! Theano will be unable to execute optimized C-implementations (for both CPU and GPU) and will default to Python implementations. Performance will be severely degraded. To remove this warning, set Theano flags cxx to an empty string.
WARNING (theano.tensor.blas): Using NumPy C-API based implementation for BLAS functions.
1.0.2
``

通过执行以下代码行来确认 Tensorflow 的安装 -

```shell
$ python –c “import tensorflow; print(tensorflow.__version__)”

输出结果如下 -

C:\Users\Administrator>python -c "import tensorflow; print(tensorflow.__version__)"
1.8.0
``

通过执行以下代码行来确认 Keras 的安装 -

```shell
$ python –c “import keras; print (keras.__version__)”

输出结果如下 -

`shell C:\Users\Administrator> python -c "import keras; print (keras.__version__)" Using TensorFlow backend. 2.2.0