实验四 决策树算法及应用

2021/6/30 11:21:14

本文主要是介绍实验四 决策树算法及应用,对大家解决编程问题具有一定的参考价值,需要的程序猿们随着小编来一起学习吧!

目录
  • 【作业信息】
  • 一、实验目的
  • 二、实验内容
  • 三、实验报告要求
  • 四、实验过程及步骤

【作业信息】

作业课程 机器学习
作业要求 作业要求
作业目标 决策树算法及应用
学号 3180205402

一、实验目的

1.理解决策树算法原理,掌握决策树算法框架;
2.理解决策树学习算法的特征选择、树的生成和树的剪枝;
3.能根据不同的数据类型,选择不同的决策树算法;
4.针对特定应用场景及数据,能应用决策树算法解决实际问题。

二、实验内容

1.设计算法实现熵、经验条件熵、信息增益等方法。
2.实现ID3算法。
3.熟悉sklearn库中的决策树算法;
4.针对iris数据集,应用sklearn的决策树算法进行类别预测。
5.针对iris数据集,利用自编决策树算法进行类别预测。

三、实验报告要求

1.对照实验内容,撰写实验过程、算法及测试结果;
2.代码规范化:命名规则、注释;
3.分析核心算法的复杂度;
4.查阅文献,讨论ID3、5算法的应用场景;
5.查询文献,分析决策树剪枝策略。

四、实验过程及步骤

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
%matplotlib inline
from sklearn.datasets import load_iris
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from collections import Counter
import math
from math import log
import pprint
datasets, labels = create_data()
train_data = pd.DataFrame(datasets, columns=labels)
train_data

# 熵
def calc_ent(datasets):
    data_length = len(datasets)
    label_count = {}
    for i in range(data_length):
        label = datasets[i][-1]
        if label not in label_count:
            label_count[label] = 0
        label_count[label] += 1
    ent = -sum([(p / data_length) * log(p / data_length, 2)
            for p in label_count.values()])
    return ent
# def entropy(y):
# """
# Entropy of a label sequence
# """
# hist = np.bincount(y)
# ps = hist / np.sum(hist)
# return -np.sum([p * np.log2(p) for p in ps if p > 0])
# 经验条件熵
def cond_ent(datasets, axis=0):
    data_length = len(datasets)
    feature_sets = {}
    for i in range(data_length):
        feature = datasets[i][axis]
        if feature not in feature_sets:
            feature_sets[feature] = []
        feature_sets[feature].append(datasets[i])
    cond_ent = sum(
        [(len(p) / data_length) * calc_ent(p) for p in feature_sets.values()])
    return cond_ent
# 信息增益
def info_gain(ent, cond_ent):
    return ent - cond_ent
def info_gain_train(datasets):
    count = len(datasets[0]) - 1
    ent = calc_ent(datasets)
# ent = entropy(datasets)
    best_feature = []
    for c in range(count):
        c_info_gain = info_gain(ent, cond_ent(datasets, axis=c))
        best_feature.append((c, c_info_gain))
        print('特征({}) - info_gain - {:.3f}'.format(labels[c], c_info_gain))
# 比较大小
    best_ = max(best_feature, key=lambda x: x[-1])
    return '特征({})的信息增益最大,选择为根节点特征'.format(labels[best_[0]])
info_gain_train(np.array(datasets))

# 定义节点类 二叉树
class Node:
    def __init__(self, root=True, label=None, feature_name=None, feature=None):
        self.root = root
        self.label = label
        self.feature_name = feature_name
        self.feature = feature
        self.tree = {}
        self.result = {
            'label:': self.label,
            'feature': self.feature,
            'tree': self.tree
        }
    def __repr__(self):
        return '{}'.format(self.result)
    def add_node(self, val, node):
        self.tree[val] = node
    def predict(self, features):
        if self.root is True:
            return self.label
        return self.tree[features[self.feature]].predict(features)
class DTree:
    def __init__(self, epsilon=0.1):
        self.epsilon = epsilon
        self._tree = {}
    # 熵
    @staticmethod
    def calc_ent(datasets):
        data_length = len(datasets)
        label_count = {}
        for i in range(data_length):
            label = datasets[i][-1]
            if label not in label_count:
                label_count[label] = 0
            label_count[label] += 1
        ent = -sum([(p / data_length) * log(p / data_length, 2)
                    for p in label_count.values()])
        return ent
    # 经验条件熵
    def cond_ent(self, datasets, axis=0):
        data_length = len(datasets)
        feature_sets = {}
        for i in range(data_length):
            feature = datasets[i][axis]
            if feature not in feature_sets:
                feature_sets[feature] = []
            feature_sets[feature].append(datasets[i])
        cond_ent = sum([(len(p) / data_length) * self.calc_ent(p)
                        for p in feature_sets.values()])
        return cond_ent
    # 信息增益
    @staticmethod
    def info_gain(ent, cond_ent):
        return ent - cond_ent
    def info_gain_train(self, datasets):
        count = len(datasets[0]) - 1
        ent = self.calc_ent(datasets)
        best_feature = []
        for c in range(count):
            c_info_gain = self.info_gain(ent, self.cond_ent(datasets, axis=c))
            best_feature.append((c, c_info_gain))
        # 比较大小
        best_ = max(best_feature, key=lambda x: x[-1])
        return best_
    def train(self, train_data):
        """
        input:数据集D(DataFrame格式),特征集A,阈值eta
        output:决策树T
        """
        _, y_train, features = train_data.iloc[:, :
                                                -1], train_data.iloc[:,
                                                                    -1], train_data.columns[:
                                                                                            -1]
        # 1,若D中实例属于同一类Ck,则T为单节点树,并将类Ck作为结点的类标记,返回T
        if len(y_train.value_counts()) == 1:
            return Node(root=True, label=y_train.iloc[0])
        # 2, 若A为空,则T为单节点树,将D中实例树最大的类Ck作为该节点的类标记,返回T
        if len(features) == 0:
            return Node(
                root=True,
                label=y_train.value_counts().sort_values(
                    ascending=False).index[0])
        # 3,计算最大信息增益 同5.1,Ag为信息增益最大的特征
        max_feature, max_info_gain = self.info_gain_train(np.array(train_data))
        max_feature_name = features[max_feature]
        # 4,Ag的信息增益小于阈值eta,则置T为单节点树,并将D中是实例数最大的类Ck作为该节点的类标记,返
        if max_info_gain < self.epsilon:
            return Node(
                root=True,
                label=y_train.value_counts().sort_values(
                    ascending=False).index[0])
        # 5,构建Ag子集
        node_tree = Node(
            root=False, feature_name=max_feature_name, feature=max_feature)
        feature_list = train_data[max_feature_name].value_counts().index
        for f in feature_list:
            sub_train_df = train_data.loc[train_data[max_feature_name] ==
                                            f].drop([max_feature_name], axis=1)
            # 6, 递归生成树
            sub_tree = self.train(sub_train_df)
            node_tree.add_node(f, sub_tree)
        # pprint.pprint(node_tree.tree)
        return node_tree
    def fit(self, train_data):
        self._tree = self.train(train_data)
        return self._tree
    def predict(self, X_test):
        return self._tree.predict(X_test)



                   

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